This document discusses drugs and their effects on consciousness. It defines drugs as substances that alter the structure or function of the living organism. Psychoactive drugs specifically alter perceptions and mood, and are divided into three main groups: depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens. Depressants like alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates reduce neural activity and slow bodily functions. Stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamines excite neural activity and speed up the body. Hallucinogens distort perceptions and evoke sensory images without external stimuli. The document also discusses addiction, dependence, withdrawal symptoms, and common misconceptions about drug use.

1. Group 5

2. Drugs
and Consciousness

5. -any substance, natural or artificial, other
than food, that by its chemical or physical
nature alters structure or function in the
living organism.
- refers to our awareness of
sensations, thoughts, and other
internal processes.

6. 6
Drugs and Consciousness…
Psychoactive Drug:
A c h e m i c a l
s u b s t a n c e t h a t
a l t e r s
p e r c e p t i o n s a n d
m o o d .

7. A d d i c t i o n &
D e p e n d e n c e

8. Addiction
Addiction is a brain disease
identified by components of
physical and psychological
dependence.

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A d d i c t i o n &
D e p e n d e n c e …
tolerance
the power of enduring
the action of the drug.
- is one aspect of physical
dependence.

10. Withdrawal & Dependence
Withdrawal
is a term referring to the feelings of discomfort, distress, and
intense craving for a substance that occur when use of the
substance is stopped.
Dependence
Absence of a drug may lead to a feeling of physical
pain, intense cravings and negative emotions.

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Misconceptions
About Addiction
1. Addictive drugs quickly corrupt.
2. Addiction cannot be overcome voluntarily.
3. Addiction is no different than repetitive
pleasure-seeking behaviors.

12. Types
of
Psychoactive Drugs

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1. Depressants
2.Stimulants
3.Hallucinogens
P s y c h o a c t i
v e D r u g s :-a r e d i v i d e d i n t o
t h r e e g r o u p s .

14. D e p r e s s a n t s
A. Alcohol
B. Barbiturates
C. Opiates
Depressants
-are drugs that reduce neural activity and slow
body functions. They include:

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Depressants…
A. Alcohol affects motor skills, judgment, and
memory.

16. Why do college students drink?
1. Increases sociability
2. Relieves anxiety or tension
3. Feel elated or euphoric
4. Less inhibited
5. Can go along with friends
6. Different state of consciousness
7. Sexual inhibition
8. Stops worrying
9. Alleviates depression
10. Less self-conscious

17. Depressants…
B . B a r b i t u r a t e s :
D r u g s t h a t d e p r e s s t h e
a c t i v i t y o f t h e
c e n t r a l n e r v o u s
s y s t e m , r e d u c i n g
a n x i e t y b u t i m p a i r i n g
m e m o r y a n d j u d g m e n t .
N e m b u t a l , S e c o n a l , a n d
A m y t a l a r e s o m e
e x a m p l e s .

18. Depressants …
C. Opiates
-they are highly
addictive
-temporarily
lessening pain and
anxiety.

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Stimulants
Stimulants
-are drugs that excite neural activity and speed up
body functions. Examples of stimulants are:
1. Caffeine
2. Nicotine
3. Cocaine
4. Ecstasy
5. Amphetamines
6. Methamphetamines

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2. Stimulants: Caffeine & Nicotine
A & B. Caffeine and nicotine increase heart and
breathing rates and other autonomic functions to
provide energy.

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2. Stimulants:
Why Do People Smoke?
1. People smoke because it is socially rewarding.
2. Smoking is also a result of genetic factors.

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2. Stimulants: Why Do People
Smoke?
3. Nicotine takes away
unpleasant cravings
4. Nicotine itself is
rewarding (positive
reinforcement).

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Cocaine induces immediate euphoria followed by a crash.
Crack, a form of cocaine, can be smoked. Other forms of
cocaine can be sniffed or injected.
2. Stimulants
C. Cocaine

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2. Stimulants:
D. Ecstasy
Ecstasy or
Methylenedioxymethamphet
amine (MDMA) is a
stimulant and mild
hallucinogen. It produces a
euphoric high and can
damage serotonin-producing
neurons, which results in a
permanent deflation of mood
and impairment of memory.

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3. Hallucinogens
H a l l u c i n o
g e n s
-are psychedelic (mind-
manifesting) drugs that
distort perceptions and
evoke sensory images in
the absence of sensory
input.

26. 3. H a l l u c i n o g e n s :
N a m e s o f D r u g s
• Acid, Peyote, Mighty Quinn, Mescal, Ibogaine,
Window Panes, MDMA, Gelatin, Pearly Gates,
Owsley Acid, Mind Detergent, Bufotenine, California
Triple Dip, Sandoz’s, Sunshine, Lysergic Acid
Diethylamide, Mescaline, Cube, Salvia Divinorum,
Blue Cheers, Vacation, Hawk, LSD, Wedding Bells,
Adams, Phenethylamines, Psilocybin Analogs, Brown
Dot, Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds, Strawberries,
Blotter, Pink Wedge, Psilocybin, Mushrooms,
‘Shrooms, Ayahuasca, and other names.

27. 3. Hallucinogens Meth

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After a close brush with
death, many people
report an experience of
moving through a dark
tunnel with a light at the
end. Under the influence
of hallucinogens, others
report bright lights at
the center of their field
of vision.
3. Hallucinogens: Near-Death
Experiences

29. Influence for Drug Prevention
and Treatment
1.Education about the long-term
costs
2.Efforts to boost people’s self-
esteem and purpose
3.Attempts to modify peer
associations and teaching
refusal skills

30. D r u g s M a k e y o u
U g l y !

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Thank you for
listening!

33. G r o u p 5
Clavecilla, Apple Karen
Marbella, Joel F.
Cuaresma, John Paul E.
Cuaresma, Richard E.
Espolita, Cymon Jerick