Comunicación cientítica

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Metodología (materiales y métodos) ,[object Object],[object Object]

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Pon aquí el título con letra grande y legible Tu nombre aquí 1,2 y tus compañeros o profesor aquí 1 , Departamento escolar 2 , Nombre del colegio o instituto INTRODUCCIÓN Y ANTECEDENTES RESUMEN METODOLOGÍA RESULTADOS METODOLOGÍA RESULTADOS CONCLUSIONES PROPUESTAS DE FUTURO AGRADECIMIENTOS:

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Acknowledgments We thank Dr. T. Maruyama for the ISS-b data. The first author thanks Patrick Roddy for assistance. This work was supported by NASA grant NNG04WC19G Introduction Ionosonde signatures of spread echo conditions are not strictly limited to regions near the magnetic equator. A number of radar and satellite studies have shown that radio scintillation and large scale density irregularities in the F region plasma also occur at midlatitudes, although less frequently. Fukao et al . [1991] observed spread F type ionograms quite far from the magnetic equator, and Hanson and Johnson [1992] observed mid-latitude density perturbations at dip latitudes as high as 40 degrees using the AE-E satellite. Our focus in this work is to determine whether midlatitude spread echoes have any statistically significant seasonal or geographical variability. Future Work It may be interesting to compare the statistics we have derived here to global weather patterns. For example, the existence of monsoon zones in the equatorial zone in southeast Asia can be expected to launch copious quantities of gravity waves, which might in turn be expected to trigger outbreaks of spreading events. It may be fruitful to compare satellite observations of midlatitude gravity waves at F region heights to the occurrence probability plots shown here. We have begun a study of this nature using DE-2 data, but the results are not yet ready for such a detailed comparison. Seasonal and Longitudinal Variations of Midlatitude Topside Spread Echoes Based on ISS-b Observations A. M. Mwene, G. D. Earle, J. P. McClure William. B. Hanson Center for Space Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas References [1]Fukao, S., et al., Turbulent upwelling of the mid-latitude ionosphere: 1.Observational results by the MU radar, J. Geophys.Res ., 96, 3725, 1991. [2]Hanson, W. B. and F. S. Johnson, Lower midlatitude ionospheric disturbances and the Perkins instability, Planet. Space Sci ., 40,1615, 1992. [3]Maruyama, T., and N. Matuura, Global distribution of occurrence probability of spread echoes based on ISS-b observation, J. Radio Res. Lab ., 27, 201, 1980. [4]McClure, J.P. S. Singh, D.K. Bamgboye, F.S. Johnson, and H. Kil,Occurrence of equatorial F region irregularities: Evidence for tropospheric seeding, J. Geophys. Res ., 103, 29,119, 1998. Instrumentation and Coverage The topside sounder instrument from the ISS-b satellite is used as our diagnostic tool. The satellite provided useful data from August 1978 through December 1980, with intermittent tape recorder outages and data dump intervals resulting in roughly a 30% duty cycle. The satellite was inserted into a 70 degree inclination orbit, with apogee and perigee at 1220 km and 972 km, respectively. The 150 W topside sounder instrument used for this study covered the frequency range from 0.5-14.8 MHz in 0.1 MHz steps, with a receiver bandwidth of 6 kHz. Figure 1 shows the satellite coverage over the course of one season. The points on the map correspond to the locations at which topside ionograms were obtained. Midlatitude coverage is relatively good for all seasons except for the May-July solstice period. We have therefore omitted this interval from our analysis. Data Presentation Figures 2-4 show logarithmically scaled histogram plots of the Maruyama index values for each of the geographic regions defined in Table 1. Each of the figures corresponds to a different season; logarithmic axes have been used in order to highlight the regions on each graph for which the index value is greater than four. It is important to remember that the regions defined in Table 1 correspond to very different geographic areas (in km 2 ). However, it is valid to compare the seasonal variations for a given geographic area. In Figures 2-4 the left column of histograms corresponds to oceanic regions, and the right column corresponds to land masses. The seasonal variations become more apparent when the data from Figures 2-4 are presented as occurrence probabilities. These have been calculated as follows for each region: The occurrence probabilities as a function of season and geographic domain are presented in Figure 5 . Discussion With reference to Figure 5 , there are very large seasonal differences in occurrence probabilities for midlatitude spread echoes in the north Atlantic, south Atlantic, and north Pacific regions. Somewhat less striking seasonal variations are evident in Asia and Europe. The other geographic domains have much less pronounced seasonal variations. The occurrence of spread echoes over the north Atlantic region is particularly variable. This region shows the highest (November-January) and second lowest (August-September) occurrence probabilities. The overall occurrence probabilities for MSF are quite large when classified using the Maruyama and Matuura [1980] index. This may be caused by incursion of high and/or low latitude irregularities into the midlatitude domain. In general there are no differences between the number of spreading events occurring over land masses and over oceans. Table. 1.Definitions of the regions of interest. Fig . 1.Satellite coverage map showing regions of interest. Fig. 5. Topside spread echo occurrence probabilities as a function of season and location . Fig . 2. Maruyama and Matuura’s [1980] spread echo index variations for each region in Feb-Apr. Procedure Maruyama and Matuura [1980] describe the process of inferring a simple index corresponding to spread echo conditions from the ISS-b topside sounder data. Index values greater than four correspond to widespread regions of spread echoes. McClure et al . [1998] offer a good overview of this classification method, particularly as it applies to equatorial spread F. We use the Maruyama index in our analysis to identify regions at magnetic latitudes between ± 20 and ± 50 degrees that have significant spreading. Table 1 shows the breakdown of the various geographic regions, and Figure 1 shows these regions on a world map. Fig. 4. Same format as Figure 2 for Nov-Jan. Fig. 3. Same format as Figure 2 for Aug-Oct. This is surprising, since it might be expected that more thunderstorms and subsequently more gravity wave seeding for spreading would be expected over land masses, where orographic features exist. The lack of such a correlation may be due to the fact that gravity waves can be ducted over very large horizontal distances, so that waves generated over land masses may propagate for thousands of kilometers before generating perturbations that lead to midlatitude spread echoes. Abstract A preliminary study of the seasonal and longitudinal variations of spread echoes from the Ionosphere Sounding Satellite (ISS) using the topside sounding data has been undertaken. Significant longitudinal and seasonal variations in midlatitude spread echoes are observed. The north Atlantic region has the highest occurrence probability in the winter solstice. The smallest occurrence is in the north Pacific in the same interval. Occurrence probabilities of up to about 30% are quite common.

The importance of trust: Science, policy, and the publics Jenny Dyck Brian School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4601 Photo courtesy of Su-Chun Zhang, University of Wisconsin-Madison (Borrowed from http://www.news.wisc.edu/packages/stemcells/images/Zhang_neural_stem_cell1_01.jpg) We are facing a complex, multi-faceted, and seemingly intractable crisis of confidence: Scientists alternate between bravado, secrecy, and defensiveness; they sometimes seek advice from ethicists and lawyers, who, of course, disagree with one another, and have vested interests of their own; politicians, seemingly concerned as much with re-election as with promoting the public good, try to reconcile competing values by seeking advice from these dysfunctional communities of experts; not surprisingly, then, ‘expert’ opinions are put to partisan uses, members of the lay public feel ignored, and, at bottom, we all end up practicing politics, not democracy. Public interest in science is high, but public trust is waning. Scientists are sometimes seen as self-interested rather than as serving the greater good. Moreover, in public debates over science, scientists often seem to believe that any hostility toward scientific research must be based in misunderstanding of facts, rather than differences in values and interests. Public interest and public trust must be fostered through effective public dialogue and openness, the outcome of proactive collaboration between ethicists, scientists, and policy-makers. Both the form and the content of that dialogue will be important, and to be effective it cannot be controlled by any one group or single interest. In the context of stem cell research, policy decisions will reflect a balance of competing values and interests. Sound policy decisions will emerge from an effective public dialogue, within which scientists have an important role to play. But policy decisions are not scientific decisions: “science can alert us to problems, and can help us understand how to achieve our goals once we have decided them; but the goals can emerge only from a political process in which science should have no special privilege” (Sarewitz, 2004b). How, then, should we connect the dots between science, policy, and the public good? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],California’s Proposition 71 In November 2004, California voters passed the California Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative (Proposition 71), approving $3 billion of government funding for stem cell research. As an amendment to the state constitution, it created an unprecedented “right to conduct stem cell research.” In doing so, Proposition 71 turned the “privilege of conducting publicly funded research into an absolute legal protection for stem cell researchers, while offering no equivalent protection for the citizens who would be the voluntary subjects of that research” (Sarewitz, 2004). For instance, the Independent Citizens Oversight Committee that was formed as part of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) consists entirely of people who have a stake in the success of stem cell research. A success story? Proposition 71 was touted as “one of the most transparent and democratic scientific processes in U.S. history” (Magnus, 2004). It is more accurate to depict the campaign for Proposition 71 as propaganda designed to persuade rather than inform or educate California voters. Television commercials and websites dramatically underplayed the complexity of the science, offering instead a very simplistic presentation of deeply complex philosophical and ethical questions. The campaign succeeded in painting opponents of Proposition 71 as religious conservatives – despite many liberal detractors concerned about the lack of transparency and accountability implicit in the ballot measure. Fast forward one year and none of the $295 million earmarked for stem cell research this year has been spent. Why? Legal challenges have prevented CIRM from borrowing any of the money. Lawsuits questioning the legality of the stem cell institute have been filed to address issues of royalties and intellectual property rights as well as standards of public accountability and transparency. Stem cell scientists can learn an important lesson: hype and hubris are two-edged swords. Democratizing science When democratic debate is impoverished and uninformed, as it was in California, important issues and values are ignored. Well-informed and well-intentioned public dialogue is a conversation neither science nor society can afford to sacrifice. How do we make science and democracy fit together? “ Democratizing science does not mean settling questions about Nature by plebiscite any more than democratizing politics means settling the prime rate by referendum. What democratization does mean, in science as elsewhere, is creating institutions and practices that fully incorporate principles of accessibility, transparency, and accountability. It means considering the societal outcomes of research at least as attentively as the scientific or technological outputs. It means insisting that in addition to being rigorous, science be popular, relevant, and participatory. ” (Guston, 2004) For further reading Cash, D.W., et al. Knowledge Systems for Sustainable Development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 100(14): 8086-8091. Center for Genetics and Society. 2005. Statement on teaching evolution. <http://www.genetics-and-society.org>. Accessed 2006 Feb 1. Guston, D., and D. Sarewitz. 2002. Real Time Technology Assessment. Technology in Society 24(1-2):93-109. Guston, D. 2004. Forget Politicizing Science. Let’s Democratize Science! Issues in Science and Technology Fall 2004: 25-28. Greenfield, D. 2004. Impatient Proponents. Hastings Center Report 34(5):32-35. House of Lords, Science and Technology Committee. 2000. Report: Science and Society. The United Kingdom Parliament. Kitcher, P. 2001. Science, Truth, and Democracy. Oxford University Press, New York. Krimsky, S. 2003. Science in the Private Interest: Has the Lure of Profits Corrupted Biomedical Research? Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, MD. Magnus, D. 2004. Stem Cell Research Should Be More Than a Promise. Hastings Center Report 34(5): 35-36. Sarewitz, D. 2003. Scientizing the Soul: Research as a Substitute for Moral Discourse in Modern Society. BA Festival of Science, Salford, UK. Sarewitz, D. Stepping Out of Line in Stem Cell Research. LA Times 2004 Oct 25, B11. Sarewitz, D. Hiding Behind Science. Newsday.com 2004 May 23. O’Neill, O. 2002. A Question of Trust: The BBC Reith Lectures 2002 . University Press, Cambridge. Wack, P. 1984. Scenarios: The Gentle Art of Re-Perceiving.” [Working Paper] Cambridge, MA. Acknowledgments I would like to thank Jason Scott Robert for his insightful ideas and valuable feedback. Funding for this project was provided by the School of Life Sciences at Arizona State University. For further information Please contact [email_address] . More information on this and related projects can be obtained at www.cspo.org and www.public.asu.edu/~jrobert6. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Abstract Visualization of protein structural data is an important aspect of protein research. Incorporation of genomic annotations into a protein structural context is a challenging problem, because genomic data is too large and dynamic to store on the client and mapping to protein structures is often nontrivial. To overcome these difficulties we have developed a suite of SOAP-based Web services and extended the commonly used structural visualization tools UCSF Chimera and Delano Scientific PyMOL via plugins. The initial services focus on (1) displaying both polymorphism and disease associated mutation data mapped to protein structures from arbitrary genes and (2) structural and functional analysis of protein structures using residue environment vectors. With these tools, users can perform sequence and structure based alignments, visualize conserved residues in protein structures using BLAST, predict catalytic residues using an SVM, predict protein function from structure, and visualize mutation data in SWISS-PROT and dbSNP. The plugins are distributed to academics, government and nonprofit organizations under a restricted open source license. The Web services are easily accessible from most programming languages using a standard SOAP API. Our services feature secure communication over SSL and high performance multi-threaded execution. They are built upon a mature networking library, Twisted, that allow for new services to easily be integrated. Services are self-described and documented automatically enabling rapid application development. The plugin extensions are developed completely in the Python programming language and are distributed at http://www.lifescienceweb.org/ The LSW Website contains developer tools and mailing lists, and we encourage other developers to extend their applications using our services. LifeScienceWeb Services: Integrated Analysis of Protein Structural Data Charles Moad*, Randy Heiland*, Sean D. Mooney ⁪ *Pervasive Technology Labs ⁪⁪ Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Project Goals Web services are an efficient way to provide genomic data in the context of protein structural visualization tools. Our goal is to define a series of bioinformatic web services that can be used to extend protein structural visualization tools, and other extensible computational biology desktop applications. Our current focus is on extending UCSF Chimera (http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/) and Delano Scientific PyMOL(http://pymol.sourceforge.net). ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Services Model Web services are an efficient way to provide genomic data in the context of protein structural visualization tools. Our goal is to define a set of bioinformatic web services that can be used to extend protein structural visualization tools, and other extensible computational biology desktop applications. We are currently focused on extending UCSF Chimera (http://www.cgl.ucsf.edu/chimera/) and Delano Scientific PyMOL (http://pymol.sourceforge.net). Our services use the SOAP protocol and are currently developed using open source Python-based projects. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 2: Running our tools from the client application, shown using PyMOL. Automated Sequence and Structural Analysis of Protein Structures Using PSI-BLAST and S-BLEST, we provide analysis of residue environments that match between protein structures in a queried database. Additionally, if the found environments represent similar structure or function classes, the environments that are most structurally associated to those environments are returned. This service is authenticated and SSL encrypted, and all coordinate data and analysis data are stored on our servers. Currently, users can query the ASTRAL 40 v1.69 and ASTRAL 95 v1.69 nonredundant domain datasets, as well as other commonly used nonredundant protein structure databases. Figure 3: MutDB controller window , shown using PyMOL. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Figure 4: MutDB structure visualization window showing a highlighted mutation using PyMOL. Citations Dantzer J, Moad C, Heiland R, Mooney S. (2005) "MutDB services: interactive structural analysis of mutation data" . Nucleic Acids Res., 33, W311-4. Peters B, Moad C, Youn E, Buffington K, Heiland R, Mooney S, “ Identification of Similar Regions of Protein Structures Using Integrated Sequence and Structure Analysis Tools ”. Submitted. Mooney, S.D., Liang, H.P., DeConde, R., Altman, R.B., Structural characterization of proteins using residue environments. Proteins, 2005. 61 (4): p. 741-7. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Visualization of Mutations on Protein Structures We provide mapping between mutations and SNPs and protein structures. The mutations are mapped using Smith-Waterman based alignments. Swiss-Prot mutations and nonsynonymous SNPs in dbSNP are currently supported. See http://mutdb.org/ for a current list of the versions of each dataset we provide. Figure 6: S-BLEST controller window showing the function analysis tab using UCSF Chimera. LSW server client client WSDLs Twisted (twistedmatrix.com) pywebsvcs.sf.net SOAP (We will address service discovery in the future)

Case-Macy Institute for Health Communications Curriculum Development A Dissemination Project Kathy Cole-Kelly, MS, MSW, Amy Friedman, Ted Parran, MD, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],PRESENTATIONS RATED MOST HIGHLY Identifying Core Competencies to the Medical Interview Introduction to Assessment Strategies Regarding Communication Skills Individual consultation and project development sessions OSTE- Resident as Teacher Faculty Development – The Resident as Teacher Advanced Communication Skills Evaluation Strategies #2 TESTIMONIALS "Role-play session gave a new perspective that I think will be very useful.” “Wonderfully practical points and tools for encouragement.” “Great! Fun speakers to watch and listen to.” “Good interactive session (objective writing with a script).” "Role play was effective-shared 'practical' aspects of teaching patients.” “Great combination of enthusiasm, knowledge, and demonstration of knowing what you know and honestly of knowing what you don't know”. “An atmosphere of like-minded people.” "I appreciated having a huge amount of totally on topic resources gathered by organization and handed to me in a binder”. “I liked the small groups, loosely organized to meet individual learning goals”. “Really enjoyed the sharing of resources/ideas…thank you! “Loved it! Loved it! Thank you”! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Institutions Enrolled To Date Georgetown University Medical Center Henry Ford Health Systems MetroHealth Medical Center Michigan State University Ohio State University Oregon Health and Sciences University University of Miami University of South Dakota SOM University of West Virginia Vancouver University Vanderbilt University Washington University Albert Einstein College of Medicine Geisinger Health System Christiana Care Health System Medical College of Georgia The Cleveland Clinic Foundation Geisinger Medical Center SUNY Upstate Medical University Wright State University UCSD School of Medicine University of British Columbia Medical School Cook County Hospital/Rush Medical College Stroger Hospital of Cook County Genesys Regional Medical Center Jefferson Medical College New Jersey Medical School Northern Ontario School of Medicine Faculty Theodore V. Parran Jr., MD Kathy Cole-Kelly, MS, MSW Philip A. Anderson, MD Holly Gerzina, MEd Marianna G. Hewson, PhD J. Harry Isaacson, MD, FACP Klara Papp, PhD Clint W. Snyder, PhD

Acknowledgments We thank Miss Keren Mishra for her contribution in the knowledge management research for this project, Harry Koponen for gathering data requirements, Leo Kwok and Hashank Thilakawardhana for the assistance of the CBT development and Andrew Cazzaniga for his work on the Knowledge Audit Framework. Introduction Most research in cost estimating mainly focus on improving costing models and methodologies. The ICOST Project is about the integration of internal Costing practices within industry, primarily Commercial Cost Estimation with Technical Cost Engineering. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ICOST-Improving the Internal Cost Estimating Practices at Conceptual Design Stage PhD Researcher: Petros Souchoroukov, Supervisor: Dr. Rajkumar Roy — Enterprise Integration, School of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems, Cranfield University Fig. 7. The Functional-Based Costing Framework. For further information Please contact [email_address] and [email_address] . More information on this and related projects can be obtained at http://www.cranfield.ac.uk/sims/cim/people/roy.htm ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 5. Data Infrastructure for Cost Estimating in Manufacture Fig. 1. Involvement of Commercial and Engineering Disciplines in the Product Life Cycle. Product Life cycle Involvement Concept Design Manufacture Operation Disposal Commercial Discipline Engineering Discipline 80% Cost Commitment Fig. 2. Best Practice in Cost Estimating. Raw Materials + Raw Material Specification Bough Out Parts + Standard Bought Out Part Specification + Subcontract Item Specification Raw Material Scrap + Raw Material Scrap Resale Value Raw Material Rate + Volatility of the Raw Material Bough Out Part Rate + Standard Bought Out Part Rate + Subcontract Item Rate Bough Out Part Scrap Material Overhead Cost + Bought Out Material Inventory Cost + Raw Material Inventory Cost Material Usage + Part Dimensions + Raw Materials Usage + Standard Bought Out Part Quantity + Subcontract Item Quantity + Weigh of the Part Materials Fig. 3: CBT template created for Impression-die drop hammer forging operations. Fig. 4. Lateral Transfer of Costing Knowledge. Building knowledge base Step 1 Requirements derived through audit Step 2 Step 3 MIN Requirements Function 1 Function 2 Function 3 MAX MAX MIN MIN MAX COST OF FUNCTION Estimate Estimate Estimate DATA ACQUISITION Fig. 6. Using Functional Decomposition Techniques and Value Engineering to create relationships between functions and product components to assist cost estimating.

Introducción Most research in cost estimating mainly focus on improving costing models and methodologies. The ICOST Project is about the integration of internal Costing practices within industry, primarily Commercial Cost Estimation with Technical Cost Engineering. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],EL POSTER CIENTÍFICO -QUE EXPLICA UNA MAQUETA- (ejemplo de poster, de distribución y de contenidos) Nombre y apellidos. Colegio la Salle-Almería. Ciencias del Mundo Contemporáneo. 2011. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Fig. 5. Data Infrastructure for Cost Estimating in Manufacture Objetivos: (ideas clave) Proceso: Most research in cost estimating mainly focus on improving costing models and methodologies. The ICOST Project is about the integration of internal Costing practices within industry, primarily Commercial Cost Estimation with Technical Cost Engineering. Safasfasfasf Frsarfasrfsarf Srsrvsrv ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Explicación de la modelización: 1.- 2.- 3.- 4.- 5.- 6.- 6.- 7.- Fig. 1. Involvement of Commercial and Engineering Disciplines in the Product Life Cycle. Product Life cycle Involvement Concept Design Manufacture Operation Disposal Commercial Discipline Engineering Discipline 80% Cost Commitment Raw Materials + Raw Material Specification Bough Out Parts + Standard Bought Out Part Specification + Subcontract Item Specification Raw Material Scrap + Raw Material Scrap Resale Value Raw Material Rate + Volatility of the Raw Material Bough Out Part Rate + Standard Bought Out Part Rate + Subcontract Item Rate Bough Out Part Scrap Material Overhead Cost + Bought Out Material Inventory Cost + Raw Material Inventory Cost Material Usage + Part Dimensions + Raw Materials Usage + Standard Bought Out Part Quantity + Subcontract Item Quantity + Weigh of the Part Materials Fig. 3: CBT template created for Impression-die drop hammer forging operations. Fig. 4. Lateral Transfer of Costing Knowledge. Building knowledge base Step 1 Requirements derived through audit Step 2 Step 3

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