Infection of the respiratory tract

1. INFECTIONS OF THE
RESPIRATORY TRACT

2. OBJECTIVES
• To be able to develop
analytical thinking in the
students by presenting cases
or situations related to
infections of the respiratory
tract.

3. CASE 1
A 7-year-old child was brought to the
emergency room because of fever and
prolonged episode of forceful, dry hacking cough
with a distinct inspiratory whoop. The patient
has no history of immunization.

4. What is the most probable
diagnosis?

5. Pertussis
(whooping cough)

6. What is the most probable causative agent
and its characteristics?

7. Bacterium — Bordetella pertussis
• Fastidious, gram-negative bacterium requiring special media for isolation
Produces multiple antigenic and biologically active products including:
• Pertussis toxin
• Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA)
• Agglutinogen
• Pertactin
• Tracheal cytotoxin

8. What specimen is used for culturing
the organism?
What culture medium of choice is
used?

9. Nasopharyngeal Specimen
• Pernasal swab with a thin, flexible wire shaft
• consists of charcoal agar supplemented with
defibrinated horse blood.
Regan-Lowe Agar

10. What are the stages of this infection
and the corresponding manifestations
of each stage?

12. How is the infection prevented?
Which vaccine should be given, how is
it given, and what is the schedule for
giving the vaccine?

13. Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis Vaccine (DTaP)
Minimum Interval Between Doses:
• 6 weeks(DPT 1), 10 weeks (DPT 2), 14 weeks (DPT 3)
Number of Doses:
• 3 doses (0.5 mL)
Route:
• Intramuscular
Site:
• Upper outer portion of the thigh, Vastus Lateralis (L-R-L)
• A booster immunization given at age 11-12 that offers continued
protection for adolescents and adults.
Tdap