Henry Hudson was an English explorer who lived from 1565 to 1611 and made two journeys of exploration. He discovered present-day Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, and Hudson River while exploring areas around New York City, as well as Greenland and Canada. However, he faced obstacles like icebergs and fights with his crew due to lack of food. His goal was to find a Northwest passage to Asia, but he ultimately died after being killed and set adrift by his own mutinous crew.