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5
12.0
C
6
14.0
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7
16.0
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8
19.0
F
9
20.2
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10
J
23.0
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ll
24.3
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28.1
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15
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26
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32
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35
83.8
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5
85.5
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37
87.6
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38
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92.9
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45
106.4
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46
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47
112.4
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114.8
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50
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52
126.9
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54
6
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55
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56
138.9
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57
178.5
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7
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srnrato:ir',:
1. 6urfinnr ururrrrfiu 8TnIilqr 2. fiTnlnor osu:erfior ururururrfir
3. ururrurrdu 'lqlr{nIilqr asu:orfiqr 4. osu:nfiqr 'lolnnllror Eurfiorqr
t o. ru uu rin ci iltq id dil rirtr{rfi o nr : aru rf, u n m ru fi a1 n n n1 u nr.: 6r nr t tq q qts
"'qidqvf. ilr.l]9uilnn{ 2. ill{ltuuooul{qqq
6fv€Ad
3. r.rl+tgu [o:tttjl*u.] 4. lJu:*ullltaulqaTmldq9
'[ n rfr u il 6[ a %t#in'[r,ra ?'l e,l ;
8. 7
ilrrar{fd zo fir,mrail yr .Fr. zssl
137
04 ivrsrflran{ t
jyj
t4%11't 7
t t. tunr:rh:roil:vrrn:siunrli:rnrtudufir,uro 100 al:'r.irila: Ioutd'n:ouriu:J:smn:ruro
Y t u e y UyvX
n?1{ 2 tilaT u']? 2 ttJgtT fltJl*u9tl.{fitu1n'l tdq.tl.l
9'/ |
itareriofiq
o 9,/ 9,/
o1%'t%a?6uil1a'lq,
1 10
2 6
3 13
4 5
5 3
6 11
tudufd uvi r df i r ur urj :sm n :oiun nir n rTo u rqfi r ryir n-u fi oiu
1. 2oo 2. ooo
-
3. 8oo 4. 1,zoo
t z.'[uI o ru vr uo:r fi n-n urusfi rsr:*d qir.: or nluTo rud u o rir.:1:.l
1. rrunltuur.:utrrru 2. fi:Jirurrurirduqrnoqyi.{flq
^,i q t yv . I ^ Aa, Y a
3. qnail4rJ9t't [1+T?:141.t1T4il 4. nurura.ldufrrljufru{.:orjt.lnrr:q{
t g. dr 6:Jd'un u rur nluuirr rulor o r:J:s um slm u
av
1. R1ntilUo 2. ntnnrrunn
e. nrnerfuoon 4. nrorqsiuoonrdrrrHfio
t +. ua nto6rnu:Jynrir raxrruSrr ru* d'u.l
da
f . il00n$t0ltfl{t14il'trtlnnlTo't:{lta9(u
Adty
2. tJ ttfl .l tlr,t u it il{ 0 a 0 R't:fl:'hl R"1: 0,1 14,1:
o-gA<rrso
3. ru t[il n.J gt 0ufla?m lilu0'tnt:tt o.t:Jsnrf.:drur ururn
-4artvfry
4. ru 0 tuilR il 0u autn illcat anlTfl:'l.j tn:.: gfr.:fi utjuq ru t --ct'-
,- Y-Y-. q---?-q Ay u a a6q u u v a!
15. XCI0nrR"tr0'1fi'trtuljatq mn0J0'tflu0numiu[unt::n:*raruonro.:rgon:ilrnfrg9l
5'l,tf.Y
1. ntiuou 2. '[u[gl:rou 3. rnloarlain 4. ri-r
1 a rfr u il 6{ a t,u5lfrin'lr,lrr ?1 r,r i
9. ilrrar{{d zo #lutrnal v{ .Gt.2ss1
138
04 ?msrflran{ t
tvi
r4%1vl I
1 6 . t,rn n 1 tu'i r el-n o r ? 1 ttd fl o .r d'r r o .:tui.: un n't
1 . R'r?v:J:Rgr 2. n1?v6t o'rd'r:
un vi'.: 6[0.] rfio fi qrtr ru #ru vt'uf'rYutu#n:*r*rter
Aa,/rrrQr
3. R'l?Yl 1.11{1n1'[ 4. n'lTLtn{ LLU.]LLfl.]lJU
17. riotodo male gametophyte
1. anther
3. microspore
fitturioter
1 . frn?r o.l
3. nlTL?n
NTOillNN , PGA
Vla
nro L?u?n , oAA$
4i r A ull I
li o 0n tLqrnro 0n elu n1 ur.: LlJ (ovary)
9)
nn? u ljul.t 2.
I
vr6uu rirran?{ 4.q
pollen grain
microspore mother cell
uo #u:Jvret uriou
d'rrjr nrrd't.rr flaro LU oi
NTOLTOSAN , PEP
nroaonmfin , co z
2. NADP+ ,H,O
4. 'tryIvrTflrilFrorlnnrfind , NADP+
dYi,
2. U1,[?1.]HlJO?1 O UUUTET:TTITryru(u
2.
4.
18.
) a L a i <, e I e I q it ,e a & ct v a
19. .lJrusfr$Jnqnrrflurt5ru.:onuiluc{u [nT{fl5'1.]fl?1{[qm tt{niluou1utll[:Ju0uoU[[Tn
6lX
1. Luunu.t
AA
2. L0T,l9l0?1n 3. 'LaIlrsrofin 4. U OetLrrn rfigt
20. oln[r.runrl'rnr:#.:rn:rvri'sirurranrorrirrlngr fl'rr n uns n 6oa1:toqtilritel-u
2.
4.
1.
3.
21. ?JU?un1:riruyroq6rfinn:ouro.:rJfrffiurun.:lufir si'rfiruriu6rfine:outrnvt-.fittiAtfintttu
zrVl ou
Ft00r LT gt']ilfi']ou
1. HrO , NADPH
3. ATP , plastoquinone
22. :vinr,rrlurnrril 6 o o v'L:q
1. drd'utufl1lo.rfru
3. n 1 T u 6[9t.] 0 o n n1.: vt'unn rril Hi o nl T?i''l .l'l 1,[1J o .: fr uq
i v a", -d-
4. n0Yl L!flO.19l'l'l [J flu1 l1.[I'TY14?'1{ n1qU1,A'
'[ a rfr er a.r a o r,r'[#intr,r a ? 1 ru i
10. iurarid zo fir+ernsJ v{ .6r.2ss1
139
04 imsrsrasr{ t
s'/ j
14%1Yl I
zg. htnnn?Jo{ DNAtoraq{ x une #nf y:J:snousiru r,soo flrndlolnri'rvirniu unsfifn:rriru
I u v6l a
Ta{[u6tA [?t'tRU 28% uns 32% q.truli.tou nolonnqto.:{
T u d do
n. lrurnnn DNA llo{fla? x ilo'11{?uto{[ufl c rurnn.ir#q{yit
T @ d 46
r. lrurnna orun ro.:d'n'i x f irurilTo.][ufl o rioun,irfr'q{ vq
_ T-.. v 6' 4 a5l t v €
9t. lil[nnfl DNA 10.]6[9t? X ilgtul4nillilnlTnnoiltiln?fl{nirsqi yq q E -'-ct
.Tu'aaa6l;,u6.
.t. tilrnnn DNA Ta.tflqt? x ruotut4Rillt*nlTnnoruuranrdtnirnqi yq q lU ----
1 . n. lLnr fl. 2. n. LLnr {. 3. 1J. LLny fl. 4. fl. LLny {.
z+. ra{rfiaortuu ABo tunuerruqrusi'rufiuuuooTnTrru T:nnruoerfierruerruoirufruoYouuuqqr
In:hltrurlnrs ilounsurifira{rdae n unsnriln6yr&rgi frnnmunundrfiHrirfioq o unrqruaqfr,il { il| qt-----'
o r fi r o"q:r 6ir ut o r fl Tu'lil fl fi o sld'n n nmr o.: rni o urri ri d fi ra il rfi o q o un y ql il n G.u.u(U
1, 1t4 2. 3t4 3. 1t2 4. 1tB
i e.,/ dA a.' d A
L?{ 0 6[T'l{ LUn n flU ill l,[!'Ly! FIH.J U (egg)q
ffiw
ffih
Lw
r"#i
wv
$T
6-)
3-+
2G. riotonnqio.:(U
9,/tC'A
1. ?J'l?LLnnYLilgt 9t0 1 zun (fruit)
9/r6dAc:,
2. 1J'l? ttn nY Lil9t 9t0 1 til nq (seed)
3. $nnu 6o rilfionrl'ruuilfiq (seed coat)q
4. Lrn nu 6 o nir ufr uoSq N'ro'rn zuri.:i..:tri (ovary)
2s . o 1 n LL zu t*n trr dr r si'r .r rioto 6 o d r d'u n r ; LL ri .r L { n d'
n#q
*,fffi-+jrlW'"
9 -+ 5 -+ 11-)
1-+ e-> 4 +
3+2
6 -> 10
&Ttjt" *C
rl
?#
2.
4.
9+10
7+ 2
1. 1-+5-+
3. 8-)5-+
'[n rfr sJ ar 6[ a lt'[#in'[ua ?1 sr i
11. iluuar 4fr zo #lnrnal v{ .Gr.2ss1
140
04 insrrrran{ t
tvi
ralt1Yr 10
'
d 61 5'd Vl 5' a 6 dt a A dr e I u
27.:-l7y,A1nTililltu luflilqn1j0{A']:O [?U[U:n tililFrutt{0n6r.][il%nn]*ilvo0u 10/o uonuuqq
rilunu:lnG d.:riJufi'n:*r*vreiu o.:ulj, tu:Jretln: 1,000 nu ovtflu heterozysous dnu
1. 90 2. 180 3. 400 4. 810
r,rrte o v LLnril fr dr ur urqTn;hlmrrioto n n oi'0.:q(U
tr
s
4
s
3=2n
2=n
4=2n
1=2n
2.
4.
2=3n
5=2n
5=n
3=n
1.
3.
14 8-J'l U LnlJ
14il'l U Lnfl
14ll'l u tnl
14il'l U Ln1J
HTJ'I U LNl
Hu'l u tnl
14lJ'l U tn?J
H8.J'I U LN1J
rqctasXia6l
29. 1o Lgt[UuoT{nuruoru09.l? tu
dt&AaTda o - rorrir'lrifirj'rntu 2. lol^rlrrsflRnilrynuu ililnnolTilnlfla1. r.r?Luo'ruuu10.1u? lilillj']nlu 2. lill c
6 d X i aa d T d
3. tflnnilnr{nn1J0{rl.r0tEJ09.l? [u ilnn0 tTTlnlflqlq
A 6l Y A o r q t I t
4. r,t? tu gr't lau 1*1 0.]tu't il 0't 1{? l.t:J't n tu il1 n n?l 91 un1.l
go. rfi'atuu::urnrflrfic'tc'iifi6miilnn.:screiod'e:rn1:#rrer:rsvisi'ruue.r nrrtoi'nRr?s?o.rn?ra.rEq
uAi
tlj u ttfl .t Yt [14 8.J't s fl il Yt fl 9tq
1. '[aTo:Lo% 2. luTsr:Lar,l
A
3. 0onsLau 4. eniuoutooontryd'
e 1 n #n :gilvrl o.: fi tq 0 n qi 0'1il fi r.: a o u rir nt rurio 3 1
ATA
A = ilL01,[LOL9l0&lfl
e = drur%rilnno.rtryrnil 1*rfiu 5
a-/loAA-A-/t
E - ilOil0nltnU.l3.J 1 tlgl 0UAT{nn1.l$
a./rodAa/AA./
G - tJ9lil0n1tn U.llJilnl US.Jql LTU.:nTrQqnTvQ'l U
Vl rA aVl a
I - 1ilil Ll^IT L{LN N
Vl rA A d A
K - Lil il']'I6[9I? N1TLLFIIJ LU U 1I
9/
LLnv 10 32
Vl rA f a
B - LrJlrr01,[Lor9t0lJfl
p = drurt,ltLilnro.rlsLnil ufiu 1o
F - rioviodrlfiurfrHnluN-o 6u.:rfJu 1 ?t
AaVla
H = tlL?-lT LULnn
dadA
J - 8.J?'.l6[9t? n'lTLtgtu LU Uil
ln rfi s E r 6[ o %'[#in'[r,tor ?'r EJ i
12. 7
ar d A a.'l
?%[6[',lT?1 20 fi%?1GttJ Tt.F1.2551
t4t
04 ?mEns[16[m{ 1
eli
?r.1,[1Yi 11
31 . rtnfittu ufr'u.: rd ur
1. A,C,G,I
A al a.t 9,/ 6l
ilnntgilvaT.tnu?J0 L0
2. B,D,E,H 3. C,G, I,J
3. B,F, I,J
5l
.1. LuTyl{ nq
3. n. LLnV n.
4. D,E,H,K
4. C,F, I,K
4. fl. Ft. LLnr {.
32. dr oi'ufi ttu r6'u.,: eicu
1. A,F, I,J
n. nn?u
1 . n. bLny 1.
A al a./ 9,/ 6l
ilflnuilvaT{nulj0 Lo
2. D,E,H,K
ss.,dr rii alo fi tddria rum r,,l:r fi uud'r 6 o fi uq.:
v & a s, &
1. lstniltilrrrn tril' [ilnroruruu:n
u&tr&A€a
2. l6trtnilru[[Tn [ylnr0rulunn0.r nointterrutllLl
a & YA f r &
3. tfrtnilTu[[:nunyruyifla.] [ilnt0lttuut:n ntoot:.:nralr
v & &A tr & YA r4r d
4. t{rnilTutrrnungtufin0.t lilnt0runutt:nunsnuyreo.l'[t4tuoi
e+. rfioRuflfiud'r'lqiqlonorr{ntuud'uiirluturqtraG}id'uildifi:;qYuarornfilxau 1 riler:lu:JoouTuqldct-r
| & ,4 o , dl e vt ea @ d, r u
aruillta u [uq1 L[141{1 [q unsqil til il n n uily ril u0 urr [:il .u
1 . eir rua r.[t r 6 ru oiu'[ris.: du u n s i{ r siun i'r.: du,il
2. rir uurari.: rG ru oi'ul#n.:du uqi cir qi'unfrt ryir rG ruqt
3. rir un dr nr n'ir 16 ru oiulfa rduun y iir d'un{.r rdu.u 'u
4. rir uH r.ir nr n'ir rG ru qi'ulfsrdu uqi iir qi'unir.: ryir rG nEIU
ss. sr:tq'lei,i'r ril uiitaiu nr :ufi r oi'r t o r rfi o qtuir { n1 u?J o { n u
A
1. Uflnrsuu
AA
2. ?gt'tuu Lgt 3. trluaTuLel.r 4. I:J uqrnlfiu ru
go. nufiiu:J:vmruurnqnrrile:ilfifrqrxnruu-Grilu'[opr:6n nr:'[oi'irnr:uuvrirtri'iu:Jr;mrur.r-nqE
Usi" q e6t
iln3r{n lilnn1ilu9l t1{1 a to
lJ. Uqr.:Tru
2.
a/S
Ft. zun Ltru
9t. LLny {.
gz. nr:fidrHuotri'riotoyru'[utotrnnrfin:0.:ilrulnnrruo:n-mo.:d'q{rdurnnqirrrirr*ru
n. LnfioLLi r. urtu n. nnTern(tl(u
1. 9t. LLny a. 2. n. {. LLnr a.
.1. nro oyfiTu o. Tilrduturir rd oet
3. n. 1. o. uny .1. 4. n. 1J. Ft. lLnr
'[n rfi u il 6[ o r,b'[#in'[u a ?'r EJ i
a.
13. ilrrar 4fi zo fiinraEJ Tr .F1.2ss1
t42
04 ?neno'rasr{ t
tvi
raurvi 12
A u d d au v tt a a a t v I lrl
38. n1:il9t?nsutlnsn1;il9r6trTil[1'1flfl.]n1uilFr?''lilt14tJ0u14T0ttanqtl.]nuou'].t [T
aur6draaaej,u{s
1. t14il0ilnil L?,tilsql.tntilunlTil9rttauqu09rtfl']flT1{n1utlr.tCIq09'1l{tTat:Fl
A u t d dt y 6l v, y
^u - & t e X t
2. lfiil0unu rv{T'rv9r1{nr:J%n'rTnTs9rl*t14T1{n']uflT't.t4eJq3Jnufluilln0q1urT0tTn
uACtdatAudrAaAY
3. 9t1{nU t?,t:'ts?osl*tilun']Til9rttountQu fl?l{sTtjuJl{n1Tilottoilqil09t[1'tflfl.Jn1u
u A dr A a A t Au Ct d
^
Y tt
4. gl1{RU [TtT'ts?Ft9tr1{t1JilnlTflOttoU0U09l fl?1,l6trTilt]J1An1:il91tto1,[9t[0ltt?J',]fl:'t.1R'lU
gg. doto'ls,itrinr::Jiuer-rnn"ucinnmst6rutorirtn'lu tdt pH lJo.rt6oqnqn{{
uqiJ
1. 00T1n1Tn1U t0 tlr,lillru
2. nlTl-u u* oannrrkrfiudu
3. ermruqiu co, tott6oorfirudu
aaaga9
4. 9?TUfl',tTtfiltfl0.ttflutn0quo{nRRTrqil$q
o iU qq U Vl d S f t 6'u lrl e v i ,q
+0.lunufi'loi'fusr:'lryurlud' n']:flnluilonTqta r IilrnnnTqEJr{flnauos[erl,{n.].r.ruyroun{:rJ ATpq.lllu
&ir
vt.t14ilon tilLannq
1.42.83.384.76
+ t . Rr fi rita uolr,i'riatq fi fi er m ui r ril ud a nr : un n u:J 6 Er u uri'slu#qr {
n. nr:ul,rd r. ruri.:ur.: unsfifirrflundu n. rrynii'rfiorfiaoruert t. frIruInnfiu
1. n. ttne fl. 2. fi. un3.l. 3. n. 1. ttnu n. 4. lJ. Ft. unr.:.
+2. n q 6 n::ru uu ui u4 fi n d'qi o rfl o rla,i il utu #q {d ri r ra uotf'rioto
n. uR r. I:J:6aoi' n. nuaud'ruuu {. n:seiru
1. n. 2. "t). 3. 1. ltdt n. 4. n. une.:.
43. ilnliruti'.ttut"nt**rfinfr'.:qY.:arnfiuua.:orfiqf uns nl{nnkirorufiuurun.:fifi::Jdr.:n"n:*rus,u
o & a a e 6l o u
n n1 u 9.h1 Fr 0 1 l q q n:Til1 0 L9r gt't 3J n1 qu
1. orientation, habituation 2. orientation, conditioning
3. conditioning, learning behavior 4. learning behavior, trial and error
'[a rfi s il 6{ a t,ttri'intr,ra ?1 il i
14. ir,ulari{d zo fiumaN y{ .Fr.2ss1
143
04 ?nsrflran{ t
tvi
r4%1Yr 13
-t
++. fotonnd'0.:.u
| & tv y
n. 1u't 9t1 0.t nTr ltfl:JTsfl'lytl u8 unun?1 il [tT.i1 a{nt:n:tc{u
.._._r_ _._--- A, & A u :, &
lJ. nrr ru rirt orn:v unil:sarmas tfr t0uufr o errt ru ttr:fl o.:R-t:R:soiurfi lfi u
uA&n.',f, rur ut ot tdu'[u:J:s nrnfi o nn:vsi'u .r rfi udurd an?l il r[:{T o{RlTn:raury{ ru1r1.r
Eq.t
6 q | | & tv y t 6
.1. n?1ilt:? tl.[R1:fl.]nTvttflilTsfl'lYt$u0 UnUTil'tqt6{utiruFlufjnnr.:lo.: utonsoil
1. n. $ne fl. 2. n. t[n! {. 3. n. 1. unr n. 4. n. fl. n. unr .:.
45. "Rr:unfia'[:J:]qriqfi'lsiuuturarir" fiiiroTuuaqnr:nffirfiqduq:.:ri'ufotoc
A s -. ,2/ X U v v e & a
n. il?fiu{ 1J. Rnliltuotttjl* n. tflfll.liln{ {. ffilo.] 0. nnrrutuano
1. n. -+ 9t.+ fl. -) 0. 2. R. -+.1. -) 9t. + o.
3. n.+1.-)n.+.1.-+0. 4. R.-+{.+n.-)fl.-)0.
+0. riotq'ldr-rnoi'ortfrurfiurrnd'f,uvi-ufunc:vusrrnrro{nlrflirtturuu:cfr-urosrunTuf{ q --''-'-c- --d.'''q
a v uy ^-_-___ 61,1 t e & a
1. oqoflT't{ tganoqr?n1 2. rtnn'lri (ovum) nirrflur]nroouq - '-"'t -' q
3. Innriua6:susfind.:afrtduun16ou 4. IoIo'lrcfl':suyfiaareir.:duvrn16ouq -- --- .t
+2. ur r n eido aofTru urfi qtq rfii ill#ud ra fi .: fi n::ffi fi rJru rart ilrer fl o er
1. prolactin 2. progesterone- ,. u"'aoor""",n 4. oxytocin
+ g. i n r fi ut o r fi u r rio.: n-u n r :in :*r e ru o n r o.r r v o-r..r un n 16 u ru tuir r n r u l u :s ric q--
AAAAAAAAAA
1. ?atiluct 2. ?et'lilt*a 3. 1qrilu6 +. iqrfruro
+g. foton n d'o r rfi urrY:.rln:r nir l o sqr o ru.u
.davuedr&f&f,qe^aAau
1. uoTfior'u.lun1:0orscrult{R{{'rur0.rosElorurilutu1[olt-ufr-lnn'frrrerfftsfinqfiiln".l{ru
fl{flo
'uq
udt6.Afe
2. inrtairnlofqfinttr[qr:tairtornorunu'irorqoilil:ynouoi'ruT:J:qou 6rfinn:ou rlny
u?9tT0l.t
adu
3. o rnn a:0ilgr? urnr o{m qrnrfi q ay o rituo 05fi qi'nfi fi :rJdr.: rilun:.:nn ruqq ill .u
oasjqrvvdrtu
4. 0'tu?u0 tn nqr0uytnu [uua ngTsqtun n.:.:ruil rir tyirnu
'[ n rfr s EJ 6[ a %'Lri'in'Lu a ?1 il i
15. ir+ua'rifi zo fir,rerail y{ .Fr.2ss1
144
04 iyrEJ'lrfran{ t
tvi
14%1Yl 14
50. rrq x trne tlgr y finn-.:.:rulooanlutrfufr-.]dqq
X: 0.584, 1.823, 2.751, 11.584, 14.837, 18.384, 23.302, 27.466, 31.905, 38.464, 42.661,
201 .283, 222.327
0.596 , 1 .152, 4.91 g, 6.490, 8.1 50 , 10.502, 12.330,
63.341, 70.061, 78.801, 86.376, 94.0, 104.9, 111.6,
1.687, 3.381 , 6.057, B .414, 11.029, 15 .171, 17.974,
Y:
Z:
14.213, 1g.1gg, 20.391 , 57.056,
494.91, 527.79
92.047, 106 .443
g/ 5l c,/
lJ O Lqnnq 0.1(u
1 . rlq x o dtuH Ll rd u? n-u IArl 4s2 3d
1
qql$
2. r'lq y odtueluLdurrYu tKrl ss2 5ptqqJ
3. nr:6'q 6ut6lfinarot,tu 0.1 x
*3
6o [He] 2s2 2pu
4. flgtTljO.l6['lTil:rnOUTyl4'j'r.r Dlgt y LLny D'tgt
$9q
A
z 9t0YrZ
s t . dato riJunr:r:Jiru rfi uu eruuffi qi1.r
1 I o.rl''r q4 n d'or
1. 1l.l',r9t8snail : F) O) S )Se
2. turenlooou : p3-) st-> K* > Mgt*
3. lryn-r.:ru'looa'lurq#u : Br ) Kr > Rb > K
4. tntoonfiuqfutollnHy: Ni (c zoo)r* > Mos, ) Na3p > Ni (c o)+
52. ornaruubro{nr::J:snouqir.: 1 firitauolri'ar::J:snautqfifiTfl:rafr.rriluuuuTn:.:riru
Tsrrrrnuqi'
mrilTynou QOHn0ilLHn? ('C)q
n'lr*llrntrXtr
9./
nlTnrnl trir
A 3730 rirtrnl fl rtd'rililt't y u'1.: fi gr r.r 1*nvnr u
B 838 rirtrnhilr 'Lrinyn'l u
D 2740 1*r;rtrnlfilr kinrnl u
E 1540 rirtrnhXlr t*nrnl u
A ttnv D 3. B LLNY D
la ufr u er 6r a lt'[#in'Lr+a ?1 il ;
4.2.1. A LLNY E
16. ir,trar 4fr zo #urrail il .Fr.2ss1
145
04 ivrensrasr{ t
lr'/ A
14 r,[1Yr 1 5
5 3 . e 1 n oi r ulH r.i.: t o .l r''t srtuq r 11 .l r'1 a d'.: fd ri r H t+o rioto fi oqq
1.
2.
3.
4.
m::-l:rn ou m rilum:ilrrnouto o ofrn LLnvrijusi'ri6r'fii6
AArrA
09t t9t09tfl 0.1 T, il91'.lf,.]n',1'lQo L9l09l1J 0.1 M 2qL(llq
nr::J:rnouoon'Ltd'to.: O olafigor;rilu Q4 o6Hto Q4 o,o$
Tru rnn n BT o uiluk rnTl nIer?l Lnurfiilei fi;f?
s4.Iru rnn nriotq fi:ilirt sirol:JornIru Lnn n6uq$q
1. BCt 3
2. PCt 3
3. HCHO 4, SO,
s5. r''rer M. o. R rns T finr:6'q6ur6rfinn:ouEi{uaqttuqr:r.: oontrd'to',:morto firfionrnruriTqq
e q - A
'i
a a v aY
^
dt a
un? 0r hifl'r:fl sn''r uyi fl'ril1:n til n uilflnrvcrlrinqilfl01nflu't t.tulljufl uor.l
M 2,4 R 2,8,6
o 2,8, 8, 1 T 2,8, 8,2
A-l
1. M NU R 2. R rTuo 3. orYu r 4. M n"'u r
50. rioto fi or illnrirHuqtd'rr q oi'r.: .l fi unt over o ru d'.: tLcrer.rtusnrl.lq
2.
4.
1. A
3.E
ArAd
ilFt't oLnnnro L%n1ae6il'lnn'ir J
rns c rijurrqnrluR#uq
mrilrvnouoonlrd- Do, t*jnrn1 ,ti',
A aJ' dVl 6l I
A fifstfi'LooolrLunin'ir B
*
r'1aq
A B D E G J
tnfl 0ra 0 3.J 9 11 14 27 30 35
'[ a rfr er a.r a a ut#inlu sr m ar i
17. aJ d A et-/
?%[6{1T1't 20 fi%?1AEJ y{ .G7.2551
146
04 imenc[16[a{ 1
tvi
14%1?1 16
aot6lg6ld,tyA
b /. [0T 0 a n6tr tgtTulJ 0.] tnu s lun o Lo n erruo gyt go
1. NH4VO3 2. NarMnOo 3. KrCrrO, 4. FerO,
se. turJfifi3u'1 KMnoo + H2c2o4 + Hzsor + K2so4 + coz + Hzo + Mnso+ Hrnilrnr:ncnlu
KMnoo fl?liltliilliil 0.100 mot/dm3 :J?rurqr:10.00cm' rutir:Jfiffiutnlu H2c2o4 0.450 nie.r fi
'Qve
nsnruotjLuat:nsnru H2so4 rriLrriu 0.500 mor/dm' :-J?rurn: 10.00 cm' rio'[onnru
u aa 6tr raaa Xa
q
1. A?TO?StlffJfln:u'tlrfi0 H2c2o4
2. n'rrri't14uqililrru1u:1fi neu.Aa, H2so4
3. :JfifiSurfrrirtvirfiqosnaufrrruryeioun#n 0.1s n;iliu
4. :Jfrffiurdvirlrilfiqlo*ldu es.o"'' d l atm rrnu 20.0oc
sg. rfiofrsl:flsnlu AgNorn?lillflilliil 0.50 mor/dm3 rir:Jfrfi3u1n-:Jtr1Tnsn1u Fect3 n?lelniilliu
o.2o mot/dm'riotonn
1. AgNo, 3.00 cm3 rir:Jfifi3urylodn-:..1 Fect., 7.50 cm3
2. d'rrugru AgNo, 1.00 cm' n-u Fect 3 2.oo"r, ostfionynou o.osz nin
9qv a a v
3. n't[5 Fects illnlflilT.to osrnqnsnoltililn 0.36 nfiJo']fl AgNo, 5.00 cm3
4. d'rr'.rsru AgNo, 2.00 cm' n-u F"ct3 5.00
"r' ovloirr:nsnrufirndocrnol:d'oqj o.ro mot/dm3
oo. riotoneil?nn(i'o.itfiooqu6ooiln6tatar: A fl'rr B ltns m: c rvirrYu 30, 60 ttny 56oc nrruiiro-:..r
j
^
a i<,
1. m 4o"c ilfl'tryirilura{riln? 1 uilet
2. fior*ranfi zsoc n,ero-u'loro:fl'rr n qirn'j'rnrrruqiunlo'o.:fl-rr cqqJ
A - .: , @ !l -4 | a a a
3. nnrrruoudrnirorrruou'[a ru oo16oo:JnG mr B oyfioq16ooarn.ir:Jn6
oaAtt&aa
4. ntquuT{9t.:o9tTsfii.t.: lrutn1nro.:ar:m.:aretrflo6a er: B > fl.tT c > fl.tT A.lt q
4.oi
61. tfro*1ttfl"n c, H 2 rLRv c zH u firarinrvirniu u::1lutroruloryirnTil osrfiqr{nodrtl:q
1 . ttfl flil.1flo.rfr fl?'tud'uuvirri'u
2. uri'nvit 610.: fi truruTt LnTl n ryirrTu
3. Ft?'tilgt"utur?ourra c ,H z il'lnn'jrn?1ruo"utu?J?gturro c r.H u
4. drurulru Lnnn c ,H a ru''rnn'irdru':uTru rnT]ntutrqurro c ,H z
'[ a rfr EJ il d a r,r'[#in'[r,t n m ar i
18. t47
04 imenrrran{ tilurar{fi zo f;'lnraal y{ .Fr.2ss1 e,/ A
t4%11't 17
62. nr:rfio:JfiffiurrerfitfioHd.r vru'jtlryn-r.:lrrrro*.roion"'u sr:r{fiqnirxvi unrnr:rf.:d'ouriru#uoi'
AttvaSoutud,aaa
uo'l[Yl'lRU 80, 170 ttns 290 ntnon ntil6i'tou o.:firilngtrtto.:nn.ltrurionruruugito.::Jfrff3ur
l:Jrir ua rir unv:J fr fi3 ur flo un fi'u ril ufi fi Tr p n,u
1. 90 2. 120 3. 150 4. 210
63. nr:oGur u flq o-u fi fi ru n si o o"'qr:r nr:rfi q :J fi fi3 ur Ei o'[:J fl n n oior fi riodiu
v a taaa & u y e & e a e d
n . 0 qt lt R't r rR gt tJ fl n : u't I un u n ?'l ri rt il tr ur a.: nt :n { qt u un s r{ d n n il'yt
fl. nr:t6rurututvrnfirirurfiordr:Jfrfi3ur nu'jrulrnfiriruosrirtv{lrn-.1.:rnr?nno.::Jfiffiurnon.r
n. nr:tfiruqrura4fiei.:nrntv{o"m:rro.:vrt::Jfiffiurgonrrruiouurn;:Jfifisurnrrunmruiourniuduq(ll&{
osdAalutvAA6tlA
{. n'l:nlaqt[0nn0a0n00n01nnTslLfltn0o [un:J w:rilnrilffiiltturronnaaoei [ut6oqa.l
-&.u0 9t:'t RlTn't 0 9t 0 g fl.]1 u
1.12.23.34.4
O+. rJfrfi3ur Hz(g) + tz(g) s 2Ht(s) fioilnnfi +oo ole'lrrnrfiun nr fir:Jair6urf'nr:
utu,jae6t
unRq?lyt'lRu 20 nln{nfltjonfl0T0[o
111. 64 2. 3. 81 4.
64 81
,i
Os. eirnr.:finruonlo.::Jfrffitr zruo1g) + o z (g)
-=
2No, (g) ryirn-:..r 1 x 1012
,iraaal
riror{frsilqnro.:rJfrfl5ur No(s) +
; o, (n) --- , s No 2 (s) rvirriurvirterqw2
1. 1x106 2. 0.5x1012 3. 2x10t2 4. 1x102a
66. mrntnrlrirlrr,,laifitqtiurornrnfiouundou B* unrLLfldau eoH rfior6run:on.r1:Jrfin#oror
otjrutdt
rfrqnr:rilfi uurr:Jn.: pn tilrurnriluril:rsrnnterq
1. s.rirrJfrffiurrTun:ofirfirulsi'rnfio eH. 2. H* rir:Jfiffiurri'u oH- rfiqrilil BoH
3. aoH rirrJfrffiurri'u n.'[d' a* n-uti"r 4. aoH rir:Jfrfi3lrn-l n. 1q''aH*n-uli..l
oz. ri'rnr:'[rtn:nt:radoil NHooH oi'run:quri Hcr fifiomrurriruriurvirriu ovrfior.rnodrtl:
dvr
1 . rfi o'Ln rn:qrtrjtd'erdo"doo o.r1q El6 pH oyrJ'rnn-jr ros K bqq!
2. rir.: fi nr:nynl u Lij%fl^l ur,rl oi6 oil n-.lat na q u 6qq
iAe./r
3. ?lQglusl pH 1,[0Un?1 7qq
9v
a'/
4. Onn.l 1, 2 LLny 3(u
1 n rfr Er Er 6il a r,t'[#in'lua ?1 il #
19. iurar 4fr zo 6''lnraEJ v{ .Fr.2ss1
148
04 imurnrasr{ t
tvi
14%11't 18
68. fl'r:dsn'ru A ttnr a fiqi, pn tvitn-u 3 ufls o nrildrql-u o"q:rciruomlrfruriutal oH-'[u
fl'rrfl rfl 'r u R qi o errr ru rriruriut o.r on -lusr:nrnr u B rilurvirto
1. 1:2 2. log3:logO 3. 1,000:1 4. 1:1,000
o e I u 6au a j" 6lv
o.: ot a :r nr n r ru rio o g-z r o r n eir sh uSoh 6'uil r q :gr ufi ri ta uotri'
i,^-- tr,^-
n:.rilfln:u1 E'(V) ni{:Jflri:uT E"(V)
Mg'* +2e-)Mg
2r
Al -' + 3e -)Al
2HrO + 2e- -+H2 +
1-L
Zn-- +2e-)Zn
)t
Fe - +2e 9Fe
sn
4*
+ 2e +sn2*
)t
Ni -' + 2e +Ni
)-t
Pb- +2e +Pb
-2.38
-1.66
2CH- -0.83
-0.76
-0.41
-0.40
-0.14
-0.1 3
Lr
Fe- +3e +Fe
)-
SOo'- + 4H
+ + 2e -+H 2 SO : + HzO
)t
Cu- +2e JCU
?r -r'l
Fe- +e +Fe
Ag*+e iAg
O z* 4H* + 4e +2H, O
H rO, + 2H* + 2e- +2H, O
Cl , +2e- +2Cl-
-0.04
0.20
0.34
0.77
0.80
1.23
1.77
1.36
6e. ilfrfi3urturiotq rfiq Lo.rtd'
1. As(s) I ng
.
t"q) ll pb 2*
(aq) | nolsy
2. Ni(s) I
'li
'. ("q) ll At
3*
(aq) | nllsy
3. pt(s)
I sn
o*
("q) I sn
2*
tuq)ll cu
2*
(aq)l culsy
4. pt(s)
I cr , (g) I ct - (aq) ll Fe2* (aq), Fe
3*
(aq) | etlsy
zo. riotonnoi'orqt
o a d f aa Y ^ o Vl f AY i
1. nlTyll0[nn tfl:nsffiJ0.]1.[1tnounfl La lqTrolrytll? ua luo
e u Ae a v 6tcrl a a E<, & 1
2. TuTol,tfl.tnyfl o? u t{1{ 039t 0{ [T tnils L.]14uTflilr'[il1t1? ttn [m 9lqq
3. nr:rir.:ruro.:ruugrqoitrwsiru'[Tluns:J:ro'[rr.l o-eriiurtnd'ri'nrrfinq
T ^ 4 T--- - q 1L
4. ttURlnilrm0{ttql.]UTflmf'00n01nlnil3t.|flillj0.] Cu, Zn, Fe, Ag lUfl'l:nsn1Uoi?r,m Fe'*
[[ag zn
2+
ln rfr Er N 6r a %'[#in'[r,ta ?1 il i
20. v dA a,l
?%[6[1:1't 20 fi%?1AEJ T{,G1.2551
t49
04 inslrc[16{a{ 1
g,/ j
r4%1Y1 19
7 1 . nr:fl 0.,: ri'unr:ru nio ut o rTn r r si ohj dn n d'a.r fi rioIrU
n. o sTu'lo".f'rilunr:ru fi rr or rn fi nd'r u o n fi rfi u ru o o n'[roi' (Ar 2 o 3 )
r. nr::ruairrflunr:yirt#firuafinr:Jduurfluar::J:snou Feo(oH) d.:fifirhqrneir
!a-.--!^.^^S^-1i-.r-q--.-i-- , ut s dr v alt <Aa
n. n'lTt{n Mq fl UYl0 Lilnnmt{ J [glulotnqnlTn]nTou tO tl lT1s Mg tilUgl?00nfi-tqfiytonit re{"q
uav6taAA^uvAdtvuaafa
.1. fl{nsflil.lnn{n1tljl.[tnnnm[nn0Utl?O?Ufl.:nsfl tilUn1:il0.]nUnr:tnOAflruutuuuer[rGnq
1. 4 2.3
T4.riotoeirufiaqlilryuu tupAc td'nnoi'o.:il
1. 2-methyl-3-pentyne
3. 1,6-dimethylcyclohexene
T s . fl't r Fi t q'[ ei u fl ul o I s u il o i6.,: n]"'t,r L L fl y rTu(U
1. ethylether rYu butanol
3. formaldehyde Tt-u formic acid
4. 1
2-ethyl-5-methyl h exa n e
3,5-dimethylpentanoic acid
pentanal ri'U pentanone
ethyl acetate ri'u propyl formate
3.2
22. ror6o.ruri'rtdt#[uri'0.::Jfrffinr:nr.:imursrnoiciruilrnrufiqrduornuri'.:rfioter
1 . ruri'rIryortn af
13. rioto fio
9,, T T AA 9/ A ar
2. Un? LL Lrfin rnn 3. LLrl?n5msrn 4. uri'rIo:J o n
ATA
f,aTtFtulj 0.1 LSO1 LtoTFt0 NarCO , 2. o.rri'rJrrn 0uH#nt 0.r!1161ilrrei-d o LriLLFrnlryd'
tunr:1zu'rLnfi 0urflr'rffnfinr:ufiru Kro rfiiot#1fiqfi
mrill o nrl? uijunr:il:y n o u rJ:r rn ntallter n ot:si-
1.
3.
4.
2.
4.
2.
4.
- A taAA I Vl ,X
T G. ff orril'1il il fi3ur si o'L:-l fi
Ethylene + HrO
B + KrCrrO,
D+HrO
B+C
9,/ 5l
rio'LoflTilr{nnnqio.rq$
1. 6il'lT E 6O ethylbutanoate
3. ileifr.,:ri-#uro{fl'tr B 6o(u
tul
ntnun, n2t71
>
ntnuri
,
ntnuri
,
ntnuri
,
B
C
B + butanoic acid
t
o
@
@
@
tdA
14 uFl'tTU 01,[n(U
2.
4.
nsr:IrurnTln?Jo{6r'tr D 6o cuH ,ro,
ilfr fiSurOuny @ 6 o:Jfr fiSurtaTorfifn
1 n rfr s s,r 6[ o r+'L#in'Lr,uq m il i
21. inrar{{d zo #urraru y{ .Ft. zss1
150
04 imsrrtran{ t
tvi
14%'lY1 20
zz. riato rfi o o r n :J
fi fi i ur n o 6 r a.r on[: rryt.ud r.: rfi o or n u o fi r r o {rfl o 6 u "1
al/l a Vl 5' af ad
f . ilon l?ilnflno [Tgt 2. ],{0n til:i',tRu
3. nofis'lqriu 4. nofifluanrr{o{rurn6'lad'
7 8. n n-.:.: r uer r r ru f o uo r n n r : r zu r
nln
riri r ufi ut fi q'[ o fi ri r s.{ s er
.u9
a Ul d Ul 6 A e a aq
1. nn tu9 2. ttol,lytT't tugt 3. y{q 4. 6ruuflilufl
.u
-v6leA-
79. lJ0Fl?lil lqnnq0.]tnU?flU Melamine.it
1. Metamine tilul:J:6uursitd':J:slumit*14 2. Metamine l*tril:.ndu udfr r'r orioi":u,u
aa^i
3. Metamine 60zu.:vlnrnfrnrfronfr.t 4. lio 2 Ltnc 3
eo. foto ril ilo?'r tJ rq n qir r:yn'jr.:'[t fiu 6aty un vri'r nTu loiry
l,t@au,.iu,Y-aa
1 . lfl ul,[il Fr?',] il [tJ 0 il9? fl.]n?1*1 il1* 0.1 u0 014 R 0 tJ tfi n? R{R?'t
litodu,j-i 7-aaJ
2. t1 tJU8J Ft?'t tJ lil 0 il 0? qtln?1u'] il1+ 0.0 ilo qn n 0 il [14 d? gt''ln?'t
14@aj-,7-aa
3. LlJlJ1{uFt?','lil0ilA?fl.tn?1illilil 0.tu0qfin0il[nn?fl{n?'t
vl s A i - ,i ' Y - a a- J '4. tfl ill.uto?'l il a il 0? c{1n?'] il1 ilu 0.1 u0 9n n a il tH nt Ennl't
e t . fotq fi r**l rri.r r. rll rn n n rd ur r,* rti.r qn nll rn n n ei rvir riu9tru
1. glucose, cellobiose, maltose, ribose
2. glucose, lactase, amylase, maltose
3. cellulose, amylase, maltose, glucose
4. lactose, galatose, B-galactosidase, sucrose
82. n1n n si o.rtri'rn fi o ufiduniurd u{ fd fi fllufi? il u'r u qi'r u ffsr:r uTr er..: fi
e) iltq'lilinnoi'0.] tfi urri'u Lnamrn[dlJ 0 Ft?',] (Uq
9'/ I
1 . .t 1 ual n Ltr.t il fr fi3 ur sr-.r il1 n fi n :v vir rTu n si o.: fr ei r uil uu r n
v a.t fry r | 6! X
2. iln{{'t1,[9f n u Ll,[run?.11J 0.tnn 0{ 1ililfl1,[
r.rli'{n ru qfr n:vvirri'l n sio.: fr eir lijue{uri(u
4. .:1t,rfil#[unrrn'lnn 6i0.] fiei'r rijuu?n
ln rfi EJ il 6[ a lt'L#in'[r,r a ?1 ilr i
22. 7
ilrrar{{d zo #lnrnil fl .F1. zssl
151
04 inEnrrlan{ t
tyj
?r%1Yt 21
^^ ---.- d AAL u e v v A A i^ s vt
83. :nuilqtrurqRfrurrunu:a:l::yrnnndo nnrotnrurrn'r:nyT.:eo.:rerffoufi6orYu'lrj
96lv
flan?lil tonnn0.l.u
1 . :n uud'fi nr:r:J6 uurr:J nrIil riluel-rl rl.rnfi soq
2. :n u::m n fi nr:r:J fi u urr:J n rTru rru uqr-ll ilr n fi eclqq
3. :n yrt: no.: fi nr:r:l fi u uu:J n rTr rr uETru rvir niu
lll rlil v l/l rq d u A -
4. U 0 n til [o tl,{T'ty tljTfi?'] u tT?n n.] n1T51+1J o{Tn il{ fl 0.1 n uqt
84. n:{nne.JsTurracfl:{nnrunnr.:firurnrrnviflfiryirri'u ri'r:lcioui'nnyr".:no.:tri'nfirTqu'lrilnn.l
u&aeaaq Avt&a,u
01RCl']ilUillJ0{1r,1illAU.]y.lT0ilnU ?An[O0tn.]91l*n'l.llj0.1y,llAt0U.lR0Unil.t
1. Yt::nnilnn?n 2. yt:.:nntqiu
-&Aetyvvnra
3. ?Anm.Jflo{n{q1iln1.:?.tT0tjRlt 4. 10iln liltltu{lt0
85. onulfltfisruonontmoon'l:JsirrorrrurTr ro rruo:fiurfi lufie oo" n-ufi'u6u fioqs.]serro.rnl:ru (U ct ---i cJ r
AATut.dsi,aa
[n n oilyr tru]J tlr{:toR tr n fl n:Jt fl elru't o erm ru ui'l n uil qt:qi 01 uryt(U
2. 56 3.0
eo. tfiaqnnruroro{vi'rtornfirTnntilu s ryirroriefiInn rirnmruli.:ro{oRn'ru1a,drou.rlo,,roqllq
Triruriert o rlnn rilufi rvirr oreir s
oo^ss1.
34916
82. flilR'r:nr:rndoudrruuarSruofinadr.ljrura.:r-orqrad.:6 a xQ)= l0sin(a/) o.rntj.r rx rrnr'lofiq
tuvdtuvd
n1il n{{1utIn u [n1nu yt n.].1'11*0 nu
^daAaAa4
1. 0 ?u'tYt 2. 0.25 1u'wi 3. O.SO lUryr 4. r.oo Turfr
ge. finflurrrri'rurind': zzo firoiu tdrfionlunoufifinmruul? 80 riln: unsfir#urirerurinfllt 14.0qt
A A y a a I e a u Xq
iindtilet: thtfranEoooR 2.0 lilor a.:ilrririloetn'ntorrfronrei'ufi"lurar.iru fire]Ttairiln:2
1. 0.5 x 108 2. 1.0 x 108 3. 2.0 x 10t 4. 7.0 x 10s
'[a rfr EJ il 6[ o u'[#Yn'[uor rr a.r i
1. 5 4. 10
23. inuar{fd zo #ueraar r{ .Ft. zss1
152
04 inerlflran{ t
tyj
?r%1Yt 22
89. ri'r oi'o{nrrLLll?t,rfl'l u il? a 4 fiInniru
y a./ q/, Vl etl e/ A A
ilr H unr o.: f,lr u'Ld"Ln d'r6 u r fi no
9.,/ x
e y et o.t fi o rfi 0 n rfi oto6 r o y 6r't il1Tn yr uiu
9./
d'.::rjrir t oir.: fi(u
AVle/
1. T1,b9t A ?1%LLT.] Lq fi
A Vl e,,/
2. T1,[9t B rl,bLtT.t Lq 25
AVle/
3. T1,b9t C ?ll,[LtT.t Lq 34
4. rfro D ytt*ur{td' 50
A a'/
1,[?a1,[
a a-/
1,[?9%
A a-/
1,[? 9t1.[
A a./
1,[? o1.[
i . X A io
90. nsio.lil?n m ?'l.ll.t.l0uul,[T,nlLou.t?t?t'tillJ e rTuul,b?Trl,blu$q
TvH'j'r.r n sio.:rTu fliufr oi'r rvirter
eir #er :J :y Rrr flur.r rA u q il'r unfi sr
1. Lrs - mg sinO 2. Lr s - tan 0 3. l"l s ) mg sinO 4. lrs ) tan e
gt. urn:Jciounnuoflil':n too niru ornfis.: 1.2s rruo: nu'irnRuonnrs?rufiluuii'rn:rrruduqt ,u qt
fl.r 0.8 relqr tunr:n:syrufi'uk,rruuqr-Lmo.:nnuonr:16uul:JfifiInnil-rruq:fiurfi'.u ,u
1 . -0.1 2, 0.45 3. 0.9 4. 0.1
6l v aX A tu vgz. orn::J :suu:J:vnousi'ru n:suonflutlnrnRflu 3 trg nrr"[uu::ooYrurorrnn? r.Jyruyrl4u'tqrgriuqt.u,uqq
6f,Aal
Ta.tn:vuonsutiJu zR , 3A uns A firfirurn Mt,Mz ud! M3?1{orjuunnnuro.:uqinrrqr
o u u - aY v r rA a , aql3.ln1au n18nfluiln0uil1t't14uRtu't3J1nuns tililttr.]tflu9t?1'11,[:rfi?1.]ti?lo.lRTyu0Rfluuns.u{caJ
ai,qvv6t
flnSU rfio:suuoti'lusnrrsaruon n:rruarulnruf:ru'jr.l Mr,M2 Lrnr rr,r, ri.lu'[:Jnrildoter
1. M1:Mz:Ms
2. 2Mr : Mz - 3Ms
M, M^
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4. M1 * Me :M2
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ff [n nfru fi errr ru u ur rrr.iuit'l nin f 1n3a enr ru ri r.:'ir rnr r ) ryir n-u s 0 n lrfl
.]
u,u
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un r rlyr { I n n y0 il 0 u h*il't ot { ltfl o.t [u::J o I nr ir tn5a.:t{ n:J5.: o s eir uqir'[o'fr frr srr.liillU
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(ririlr,lotd' s - 1o
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24. 7
iuuar{{d zo frumail y.r .Fr.2ss1
153
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tt/ j
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94. ri'i otulln fit o.r ufi'flrfi udueln uG ru 3 lvir LLnrfl?'r roi'urfi udu oq(U
,i
avL:Jn uuhJ lijufi lyirt 0.t1,tn-.1.1'lt,rR't utuu6e.l
1 . L?l't Lgtlt
1. Po) P1 )P,
3. P,)Pr)Po
2. Po)P, )P.l
4, P,, )Po)P,
uyir l^1 fr'.:.]'l %R'l utulj 0.1 LLti'fl
/
4. 12 ryir
120 LqfrLUn
tofrLUn
30
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95. orn::Jroro:Jn:n[riudoirurirr riotquno{nmr#rulnr-uf,':sn'ir.:n':rruoi'u e., ,
p2 uns po
( er m ru d'uu rr u'r n 1 fl ) r r*r fi vi'r n 1 Tili u ftt d'n n qi'o .r
U
go. T:.:.:ruqqmnn::iltuvitradr rir#rlrur{iaurinornrS:inrin6nuri'ntufiqr:r so urm qio r nnursrriq uq ql .u
A 4 a v r , t ue
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-ian-gAaaqT
ttnflmilU:illqr 1,100 nnulstfltruqrr ?i0ilr4Ril s7 o.:fnr6rntfrua nttruqu zo urrulntg [:.:.nu'.uqqt
&u , a 6l y t a v e
^ * A
0 a fl1 fi n:TtJ 1+9t 0.1 0't u r{ lt t14 tln u T19yt r.l r.t fl 9t ttR fl n u 1 ilq{
1. 33,000 2. 70,000 3. 600,000 4. 660,000
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y t o a d A o u A A y o , ja u
rirunaildrtfrqt?u.lfrlirnttRurnrfr udrnrunu.:yrrl:rqun?'lrurrirurfru.:rilu roo
o ; a d vi r.l o r n un ei.l ri r r fi o r fi u.r ql''r n 6i r r r il u:s l s fi u ru o :ru
1.0.3 2.7.5 3. 10 4.
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o q
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1. n:sonrir frnmruurrTilfin ryirn-u zo rrufirrun:
Y A T lu I u
2. n:san[?'l ilo?'lilu'l?[T{n6[ tyt'lnu 60 r{l*otila:
A t ts I u
3. RT;onUU tJfi?'ltjU't?lilnfl r?]1nu zo ttuqrtruo:.u
4. RTronuu ftnrrrurrrIy{n-s ryirriu oo rru6rilq:!u
gg. d'rsi'4.:n'r:'[ri'uunuftqr{ro-ufi t ouo{tnlru?rrnfloen o.:sfiefi qr:.:ri'uunufiqtt:n?Jo.]n?qn1un1T(U
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'[ a rfi sJ sJ 6[ a u'L#in'[u or r r e.r i
4.3.
g
2
2.3
2
1.
25. iuuar 4ft zo fiumnru il .6r.2ss1
154
04 ?murdran{ t
g,/ j
r4%1Yr 24
100. nnooarunrvrtfiqildr fiil"'q:rnr:tri'rnrdr'wruuarryirfiu soo nrruu rfiann'ldrrul:Jlqi':suriu ,u
Arraadlalguaat6d(uv
14U.]?U?'l lJTrfl?lr',nlTtlilnlT114iln.:.]1Uufl.ltnn0t?,lu{ 75 til0i[su9 nrql0.]nr:a1ilR'11^t
qed t A d 6t , j j
lfiilFr?'1ilfl?''r.1uu00 250 nnry R1?malu0rtJ11.['t9t[14qil1nrfloRa1T'].][3.19t:
1. 0.67 2. 1.5 3.2 4. 3
t o t . ru rui nq or riruir ar:I:Ji.:tnrfie'ildrtuornr erfi rir rvirriu 60 o{ fl'r
oltaro''q:r6iru:su'irrnmruumerfiunartusr:IrJdrtnrfiurLriun'nruumerdurs.:tuornrsl
r
r/g^t.
2
2
2.-
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4.T
2
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n. frtorvi'orflrfir:rruotrfrurfiqornnr:n:rr6.:ra{[r6r{ .,
y^ 7 ^
y & " Y" U
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X ,oqe
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n. t{n01nn'l:tnu?tuulj0.tttfl.JtJ'll.lflRqnilltfittnufl?'t{ul*illn3JFt?'ltJtljtJ til[n'lnu.u
{. tfito..nu*rriluerduqle.rrrrtvir'lrfrudulnar:osJei'oondunrrrurrirurrarornranoonly{r':TrJen.lt
e 6l vq ' Ms ,
lJ ofi?'t tJ [1.t1 0 lqn n']? L9r nn 9r 0.]
{
1. n LLnf .1 2. n lJLLnr.l 3. n nLLnv.l 4. n l nLLny{
103. ufl.ro'rni'nnd.:orivirtorntnufuurilu:sus ts rtu6rrun: rdofi'nrHairurnudossr-qunudr.:9iUIU
..dt
orntnuritijursut 30 uryu6truq: rfioilrtnufri'rrurrr.:sioornrnuduu TquvirrornrnufuuIU IU
5 rryu6 rru n: :J:r n g'h rrs.: fi ri'n uH rir u r n udr{r ril u us.:eJ ur un-u un uo-.: p:J,u
f ru € eq
0.114'ln?13.JU',]? lilnfl1A.: [nl,[fl[?'t tl{lt1+? U tryUO rilA:
203.102.1. 25
{
1
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1 a rfr s E r 6[ o r,r'Lri'in'Lu or e r a.r i
4.
26. 7
1s5
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lt, j
l4%'lYt 25
to+. tfioo:Jrto A fi:J:vourn 2q unraoil:ro B fr:J:vourn q rrrdrrn-u 1 rilar otnrdrrrndt
fi fi nur ru'lv{fl r ril uelufrfi u u riu sir un ri.:a o :Jxo R9lqq
1. vir.:ornoq:j:so n t:Jyrr.,taqil:yo Bqq99
z. vir.:a'rneqtJ:so n t:Jyn.,taarj:yo Bqq9q
3. virrornaoil:vo A hjyntooil:so Bqqqq
4. vir.:o1neq:J:yo A 1:Jyrr{aq:hyo Bq9q9
I
OUqt
I
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OU(u
I
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1
-
LilAT
"lz
2 tilaT
2* J; Lilerr
2-Jt ular
tos. ornflxo: drnuolr{uncirrirrfiq'lv{flrn:suao:.Jfiu:.:rn6ou'[rhlr 1ey rvirriu.u
tfiu:J:co cr rlds c, ficirorrruo'lv,hXr tyirn-u 20 uns so'lruTn:rhio etJlirgiu
'qu6,&c'AflrfltJ 0 u [ugl? tRU tjTyo?1{14 3J9t t]Jilna n,utlu
2.77 x 10 -6
2.25 x 10
a
Tde'/
3 [?na Lrnya?
arid
il{n.1.1'lUYltnU
2.
4.
1.
3.
3.75 x 10 -5
4.32 x 10
a
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t06. fior:rurr#unrortnnrisrfi a firrroqiuudu*uru rirrauqtlir#uarqr.rnnrifinrrrunuruduql - -"----
:J:4 ur n o dr t ndr teru o Io u fi rJ:v1:r u n"o
"
u, o fi o o surin nl {r o {? { n n rurioto n n siarq q _- "i-'ri
1. i4qrdfir,u'''onurru'lr,{rhryirn-u
$, naor:llhlrrvirrYu 19t"a
2. filrdfinu.qnurilldflrryirrYu o , fid'nrj'lv{flrrvirrYu 19q'a
107. v(t) - v,.,.'sin(3 14t) $asfr
3. fiqtAnrt*'tetrru'tiltilhilr lvirn"'u 9, fi dn f'Lr,1flr rvirri'u 0,^,
4. fiqtfinot+'ler6rt+riltilhilrrvi'rri'u 0 , frd'nsitr tfl'rryir#u 0I
.l
t dv A 6t
q:Jn:niqr'rrafi.,:"Lur.ro:'Lrnltilrn;vLLflflfi'u fierme.lqi'r.:d'nrisriorurijuq
( 7[) c.,6r s,
nrvurnlrnhilrniruuflu i(t) _ t* sinl sr+t 1 -
| rio"LqQnqr'0.:
2) n
1. r.tq:dfin?lilfi 1oo Hz
2. turnasfi v(t) : Vm ovfrtr;lq I
i (t)
I - 0
3. tfuarufi rqr o{fqn?lruqi'r.,:d'n feriail qilnrn[#Ld'eir rvirri'u vm
o qzVl
4. rir n-.:'Lrnhil'r
flq rfi ut:J n'r utuo rJ n:nlfi'rvir ri'u r
rms V rms
Cr
1 n ufr s e,r a a ut#in'[r,un m e,r i
27. Surari{d zo #lreraru r{ .Gr.2ss1
156
04 ?nerrfl1an{ t
tvi
Lt%'lYl 26
108. ri'rr,ln n-.JHd.:1d'lilhil11ilTo u Lad u
j V' A- d
Liln uil.l?un? nqt
1. 2,5 2. 150
1
2.
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3.6 fiIni'qr a{-d'rh.r qi o i'u rir uH fr'.r fi fi frqr;'r nlrt#tr,rl filr
3. 86,400 4. 540,000
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1 . qrfiulruIsr:L'lill rTu In:d'rnrffi ofi o 2. i..rfrOuul:r rrer rTu iTrl?r nr ouTn:n
v aa '[':Iorngt fiu ilnoqilnoot:attugi'3. :{flonail 1l
ua 6: u ' f q ! a ' T
4. 5retant nu nr:enuniln?1il14lt1fla.lttHulflt4stutnro.]Tout{u[nilsq
t to. rdo0ri.:frurnlvrqei'rufq:t5r v rri'r'l:Jlusurruuilrnfinnrst-':ttuto B lufiersilarnrYur#u
aurruurjruftn uii'ryru'jriirirf;uerlyrqunfioufirijur.:nnruiafi n o.:nrfn:rairu:J:sQqiorurnq
fl o.r o t,rR'r gr i.: fi urerlvr oq
Rv
1.
B
V
3.
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.(u
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I':nri'floutd'oircr'roi'rnn-tri'o.o * to-'ooa-iurfi unsrurn6tfinm:ou e.0 x 10-3r fiInniruy
1. 0.27 2. 0.49 3. 2.5 4. 99
t tz. ri.r6rfinorousr-?r4droi'runmrusir.rd'nri rz hnoi' rrirtua;noru'laTq:routuoolurdu R'r:tn
x o4v vrr rn:sgiudu:Jodtu:sqr-uvrn-.:.:tutrt m.:nq:sqTutgluogfl'tillTnYl'l t140g9t0Ll tatqTtaunr q s q, i
lllfauXadt6'.
(flrnuo0t0r0il ta lortaililv{n{{1ufln1usv,lutfl1nu -1 3.6 0tnnarou [?nqr)
1, n = 1 2. n=2 3. n= 512 4. n=3
113. o1nR1:monar:J:rngnr:nilr,,lTn6ufinminralInnvtfiqfid{ ilu'jr firarusiruufl{Fr?'uru'r?
j - | u s & a' e y d ' v 6'
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& Ar I a e 6:
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28. iurari{d zo #lrerail r{ .6. zss1
157
04 imrJ"lcfT asr{ t
tvi
14%1?1 27
t t +. riotod a aunr ntu': r rfi il fi rfi qo1nn1rfln1 u oirr orfir rnd u nqi o'lrjd
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0
e*
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e+ 2^{ Irdqr0uudnroirfitAnllfr'r.t'tuLyirter
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1. 2.7 x 10-22 on$
3.0.46s rilnr6rfinarouhnel'
nniruq1?TlAreJnt,lq9
nsirual?T'tdm
(v)
2. 4.05 x 1o -r3 o n
$
4. o.e3o rrun16rfinnrouTrnei'
t to. riolonnoio.: rirqr.:fuvririrn"rlsro::aulnnTeuhifinr:nruu:o:rqTrro.rruq
T 6 e dy a
1. niluil [nn0rt141t9t1{0unTo'tl.ltgtu?
fdv6.v
2. 9tl{Ul.[tflnQ&tfiuo?{ailn:fln01u
Tllr<u5'v6'vyAe
3. niluiltnn0v tilliluo?{0um:[nu tv.rTrsgt?.]0ltytTorfiud'turiorlj']14'ttfllflil0
U ' trtsi e U, d
4. uJfl',ltJlTnU0n [qtu0.101n10iln liltltu.]1t0
at
ttz. ncjruorror.rto'luo-n::rfidr3ud*n.orr{uoannrrurrnrfiotfiu 18:00 ra. rorri#trnEr turirrq - -- '-- ---d
nn1.t t6 ouf,'u?'tgtu
1. nsiruql?T'lfrftuq
3. nairuqt?T'tfrrTufq
1 19. a1nrild"rusir.: riotqfi er(u
1. Anoqtooul tqun'l9tlt lJ?u"rTnntoi'q r rfjuL? n']n n1.r 6uvi'..:i'1{
A r A I 6ls A v t A
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3. turd ouf,u':rn ru d:r rnernrrdnTnntqios 6ru urir
flo giou
614A
4. tr*to a ililu'r o ru il:l tvt etvrr.rdnlnntsio s rfi uox or fi q EiduTo Er do illil mrrtsl
ln rfr s il 6r o r,tt#intua?"r il i
2.
4.
29. tvi
?r%1v1 28iurari{d zo #r,mrail il .Fr.2ss1
158
04 ims'rrf'lan{ t
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omrHfiofiri#.rrnErtu16urtrarirfiuujirurfiuurYufifi#rrnetun:rrmn.rrfiuriluorir.:'[:,u .tl q
'J ^ t
1. oridrn'irori 4o s0' 2. oridrn'irori 4o s0',u ru .u ql
3. aein.:n'irad 4o s0' 4. oda.:n'irari 4o g0'
'u
ru ,u ru.u (u
******8*****
ln rfr s ar 6r a r,tt#in'[un ?1 il {
tzo. ehniunr:ilciauururuairornrsdt*.rndulnn o.:nlirru.ur.unron"ourutusitornlflltng
rd'orvrfirorfirirrvirrYuriotoloutdngnr:orlin:ilrurruusTudt t, trfli vs 6o rurnunr
onrrur5riln''ronrord'rr*fi.rqril6irei'u, v* fio orrrt5rilnluro.tu'rulluettornrg
['.f)( u' '.1
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4' tt( ua )
31. rang iYru'lc['lagr{ t 160 rir ri'n i rr nr :'[ n ufr s sr
iuer:rs#frocfou irr inslc['r6[a 4 t
aaufi 1
v
sa 1 aau lo.oo
a6i^da6@
nlT?.r0'r:ru'r14'raInnn:0urou?lJ0{r''ra n?:?01:tu']14'l01nn1Toor:u{0tnnaTauuuuTs9tuq
, _xil{n{{'llAU0U (sub shell) 9.11.[
h=1
n=2
n=3
ft=4
n=5
n=6
fi=7
-6
4p
6
5p
)6
op
sd'o,.
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r'
att
//
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A
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1. rlaq
cy
AJA
9l.l1,[
A da t A v v g'a A d
x rutnT8J?n 127 LLn3il1,[?ATOU 74 tL6[9t.]?'t X ilflqnnuilU?LFtnuT
Lnflil?n flrJ:orou + firor:ou;
rnlovaoil (rn1jsJ?n - dru?ufi?aTou)
2.
3.
9'/
AJ AJ
O.l 1,[1,b
vt
[o o 01.[
9./
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91.1%1,[
vt
L0 0 01.[
cy
a./ 4.,
O.lUlA
d
51n X il9
t+a
Y'' il
A
r,'lqYilq
3-'l-
ZTJ
A
T1AZilq
53e
22e
24e
36e
33e
4d'o6D= nL fLFlv__r'-
@nrrrrri
I
d
1 e LOU?
j
= 6 e tOU?
j
= 3 e tOU?3d'o@>fTfll
o Ad 4i
o1}t?1talnnnra?btotJ'tr?El = 1+6+3 = 10
Note :
d a yq aru 24 6 o Cr osfrnr:d'o 6ur e sirrorn:JnfiI','l9t?1il Ln? 0lq
1 n rfi EJ EJ 6[ a lt'[#in'[r,uor ?1 ru i
32. rilns insldlasr{ t 161 eirrlnirrnr:-ta rfiEril
ila z noil 4.oo
r:Irunud (Resonancel 6o rJ:rngnr:nlfifl1:fl'ril1Tnrfiuuger:Io:lnir.r'[sTraflluttuu
A A ! ^6
q v
tflot0rnnt:tn6i0uYl10.J0[nnqT0ulultl1.[DsTefi?'1.]0t910ll (delocalization)
-veli.:fu v,lonunlqrtooou 6a pol- srilr:ntfi uuan:Tn:.:eirtlsi'er1d
lrrl a.'/
?to 3 aou 2.16 nril
^ J
yr 0..r Lro..r n rtus'rrn y n1 u En ur o #Lu t er Ter rdruriu ud u u:J fr ni ur d'{ flLAt
Cu(s) + 2AsNo3 (ac) + Cu(No s)z(aq) + 2As(s)
ra'rIru n 6['lr =
0.635 1x 25
[.-[.-l'
=
^
L"-Fl'
=-^
[.{-l' - [.i-l'
63.5
= 0.01 mol
0.01 mol Cu
6[flTn1:H'rIrun6['tr n= g ov'Ld'0.02 =$MW
1 000
0.025 mol
- & 7 - y
^ a & u Aao y A t 4 + cq.luun1Tn1il't14un Ag 9t0.1o9tnililo''rRfl']Tq{qunel0'11.t?uuau?1flo [qutil0Fr9tYluu01n
vt^iq
aru:J:v'eimti[ufliln1T d'orfiorfiuuorn Cu 1o.ot tiounil 0.025 )
alnil frniurrir.: si'u lmol Cu = 2 mol Ag
0.02 mol Ag
vl e./ Y a/
0y LO 1,b'lfi1tnTO.'.l Ag = 0.02 x 108 = 2.16 g
=
g
108
v it ra o ! I i u. e t A <'
%a 4 lilNa1aou (r1*0.]01nil?nliltnnn (MW) nnl [9t u0un?1mn?Tas[]J1*)
Tovrriuon t. u1flnil fi c, H, o = 64.9, 13.5 unc zt.6 qrrrudrsi:r
2. :fr.rr;,rutiad y =12.06o:, orunnitzto,ormruo-u760 mmHg yru'irufin g.zo niru
ulsr?aTNrnqn
PV=
(1) (12) =
MW=
NRT
3.70
x 0.082x 300
MW
7.585
o vlgt X- a/ r
01 [? : 6[AT1,[U.]AUil1,[?U1{rqt
Iqu P=atm n=mol
V = dmtnia L T = Kelvin
R = eirsr.:fit o{ $Ti'fl (o.oB2)
6l e/
LH
amalerranarilu}flru"ld' nr:r;riosn'irfinr:osuilu uqirarno;fior:rxrtririlul:J'lsi nr:aruru6t
rr,rw fi ri'r:J:sil'rtu 75.85
ln rfr s il 6{ a %'[#in'[ua?l il ;
33. -
tans ?nslrf'lasri t 162 itrrfinirrnr:-ta rfiEril
oi'.:#u Hrdrt+?uora oilmqtunr::hynouq
C:H:O
64.9 13.5 21 .6
12
5.41
1
13.5
16
1.35
Ie.rnurffa s : mol'T?r.r
PV = nRT
(30X75) = n(0.082x2e8)
n = 30X75
(0.082)(2e8)
riruusr A = drurunnro.tuoanl,t(u(U
tv
aJv
arr+% mol T?lJ = A (mol U0n0}[)(U
1.35
1
Ie.rn urffatuu o n nlbudnvq n :
PV = nRT
(1X2.5) = n(0.082x2e8)
n=2.5
(0.082)(2e8)
1.35
4
1.35
10
nn:odrriru = c4H1oo
nli'ru':uasnoilrT e'[unr::J:ynou 1 motq
(COHTOO)n = 75.85
(48+10*16)n = 75.85
n = 1.025N1
nr::J:snou 6o (c4H1oo)1 Toufr,irururrruunto"uo 1s ornaal tunr::J:snou
lr/
?to 5 gtou 900.00 nn
Tonriuon 't. ufls n uns ufi'a r fi:J3rurrxryirfi'u = x mot
2. firufi'afituro zs.o 6o: , p =30.0 atm , T= 25 "c
Iovrrinrru dtutunnuoanu firrirurinl rfi*rtuuannurulo z.so60:, ptu::onnu= 1atm,T=298K
30x75
(0.082)(2e8)
( 2s
=A[*]
A =
30x75
= goonn
2.5 q
'[ n rfr sJ E r 6[ o r,r'L#in'Lu or m eui
34. -
r6rarl inslgf'lasr{ t 163 ii'r rin i rr nr :-[ n rfi s a,r
ila 6 aou 0.012 mot/dm3. ,
Td
loyrduon 1. A uns B rir:Jfrfi3urrYurfiqn'l:
2. n?1rurriruriuro.,tfl'l:A, B, D
Rate ?roirc{1? D ri'rGrurJfifi3urfr
D
i,
uilor?n1ni'ru'l:J 100 r*rfr rilu -0.012 , -a.024, 0.01g mol/dm
A = 2.0 mol/dm3 ni'ru'lrj g urfi ua6o A ori o.so mor/dm3$
Ioyrrinr ru
vj
Ft?'riluu?t 100 ?urfr =
.'. fEr:reiru =
:J iu #ru rJ :v ayr i'tr;'u iJ ud'r ur u r 6 ru
2A+
tu*rud'ul
tr:Jduul
1urafr a1
e/A
aarlnr;rrio D
A
rate = - 0.012
rate = 1
q,t&a
9t.11'[U 6riln1T Ft0
48
B(g)
1
-0.25
0.75
B ---) D
- 0.024 + 0.018
2g
2
2c(g)
+0.50
0.50
0.50
<__a
2
-1 .44
0.56 2.16
Anr:o
At
2.16
3x60
0.012 mol/dm3.,
B 1.0 mol zudrilrYutunrtuvilSrurqr a dm3 ufiaudrainruqnerrfio C 0.50 mot9Jq
<- 3 min x 60 lrJiuHr.ir u L? nr LiJuiurfi ;
l)'/
ga 7 aou 0.12
Toyrriuon 1. A 3.0 mol unv
mol tdu
mol r:Jduu
mol 6[uqnq
I
r
[nilqn]
ct/ &
9l',lUl{
A(g)
3
-0.25
2.75
2.75
a
rc12
v:rr
tAItBl
.r!i---
0.75
A
a
/ r2
r 0.50
[;J
alnflqr mol = CV(U
= 0.1212
Ir)(r)
-[
n ufr s a,r a a u'L#in'[usr rr er i
35. rilns ivrsJlrf'lasr{ t 164 eirrinirrnr:-tn rfisilr
9v
?to I aou 4.00
Ioyrriuon 1. rfir v u,irrYu : 1 n:qluuTrdo = 2lrrduarruulsraer
2. Ka lJo{Rroruult6n = 5X1o-5
Tovrsinrru nreir ptt ?ro.:fl1:nsmueinroruuls6nn-uTnduiluuulsran 10 cm3
nlrruflilnrqruuTry6n (c6H5cooHl riuunfialryrduiluuuTqroer (c6H5cooNa;o;rfiorilu
ti-&
fl1Tnrn1ilulltll0T n:o 9t.ll,tu
lHso*l = Kaffi
-
Ionririrnuo [n:o1 = zlrndal
-q zln:q I
= 5X10 "X '" '
Irn6o ]
= 1x 10-aM
nr:n:nrurilnlrv'tofd6.:fiei'r pH = !,
fro g grou 210.s2 cm3
Tovrciuon 1. H^So, 1.0 mol/dr3 'iruru 100
"r3
2. NaoH 1.0 mot/dm3 fiar:n;nrur6o:Juiaunc s Tquilrn
Iovrsinu NaoH nrnoarrfih
tfiatorn NaoH fi?.rr6o:Ju 5% unot'jt [NaoH] = 1 mot/dm3 'lrjhinmrurriruriurrr{03.:
rrfli NaoH fiurio3.:oi'athi6qorn?r16o:Ju dtfiqirrvirn-u 1 - 0.05 = 0.95 mot/dm3
o1nflilnlr H2SO4(aq) * 2NaOH(aq)
-
NarSO4(aq)*ZUrO1l.1
-&O{1*1* 2 mo(H2SOa = mol NaOH
2(1)(100) = (0.e5) v
V = 21O.52 cm3
ria to oou i6.oo
:Jfifi3ur Reduction : MnoJ + 2H2o + 3e-
--*
Mno, * 4oH- (x2)
:Jflffiur oxidation : 52- + S+2e (x3)
rJfiffim Redox : 2Mno o + +u
,o * gs 2- 2wne, + BoH- + 3s
iln:ril:J:co = (-2)+ Q + (-6) + o + G8) + o = -16 lotou'hi6orertolnrurr,luv;
ln rfr er er d a r,t'[#in'[un ?1 s,r i
36. -
r$ag imsJ'rrf'lasr{ t 165 eiT ri'nigr nl:'[a rfr g a.r
lv
?to 11 nau 0.5
Iovrsiuon' 1. q?{orfiqf fr rurn#oun'j'r en?qn:$ 4 uvi'r ( Mar
2. o?.,1orfi Erf fi u#uniruqurinnr.:#oun'ir ol?qnd$
Fr ?'r tJ H 1.['r ttdut 0.r or1? q n :$ ufl u fr ryi'rt o { or ?.] or fi q f
aln6[aT(U
= 4 Morm)
2 uvir ( Ror = 2 Rorr )
Toyr fnrru
m
O=,V LLN3 V
4?
- -nt-3
43
- nt"
3L
--m2
R3
M
0.5
d
n'l?qnu
AGi'
Fl?tO'lYlFlU
Pr
Pz
:
mlo
43
- nT,
3r
4M
-
t
(2R)',
4MR3
-:
SMR'
(1)
(2)
ila 12 aou 68os
L
H
jLc
L
l'l
fior:rxr m2
Ir
f
ltlQ'lTtU'l m1
IT
F-f
F-80
ma
ffiz?z
(20)(4)
80N
ma
ffit&r
100(6)
680N
1 n rfi s il a a %'[#in'[r,ro er a.r i
37. [6[ner ?ng1c['lagr{ t 166
etT ri'nirr nr:'[n 16 s sJ
lv
?to 13 aou s
9r,/
?ro 14 aau 1.91
a=?
td'c.M. LiJulerns{r,t
IVtm?u = Innnril
t(2) - N(1)
2f=mg
f=10N
2m
rrd
Fl ?'l u LT.l flflil EJ n n1.1
$fl
LL?ll.[Ft'l
v'
r
(z,rtr)'
r
4n2 f2 r
a1n IP-
fl.
10 =
n
a"
ma
ma
2a
5m/s2
ac :
:
4=
f-
=
4nz f ' (1oo)
1
*
Hz (rounr,l1fi)
1 x 6o Toufit,r'rfr
1Oru
1.91 Tount+'tfi
ln rfr s ru a o u'l#intuer er e,r i
38. r6bns inslrf'ran{ t t67 etr rln ?sr nr ;'[ n ufi s e.r
9'/
?to 15 aau 25
Tovrriuan 1. Hfloqttfiril1? 20 ssl. , frllyr.rariroTo 10 q:.ryil.
Tovrrinrru
z. dorurdsr#uqi':serrrrufi soo rEqr:d , nmrurirrfis.:luornrerr*rriu = gso rilq:fiurfi
e a I u' t e j i a v
a0'0 [ailu'ln{ [:J 0 u't{ila un nu.{il. masyl'l tfl o [fl u.:o.1
Fl ?'r rJ u'l ? 1J o.t yi o :J n I ufl q fi sr il 1 Tn r fi q n r : #uvi'o .,:td' 6 a
3)" 51,
a-a-
, 4 , 4 , ......
aln
V
f
350
s00
= 0.7m = 70 cm
- 17.5 cm (oi'o.tt14fionrmsJf,{rvi'rAtoarrfiorfiu.r)(u
I4
T
4
31"
4
- 52.5 cm -+
17.Scm
t#Lritqi rn:ry rfiusrlril u'r?yi o
9Yr
Ft?'t lJ fl.:lta.tf1fi 16 ru =(u
9'/ I
.'. rjSrurnrro.:*rfir6ru =
=
20-17.5 = 2,5
1^t.?1. x $.1
(10) (2.5)
25 cm3
ln rfr s il 6t a ?r'[#intr,ra ?1 il i
39. rilas imslF['lasr{ I 168 rirrlnimnr:'[nrfrsa,r
tv
?to 16 aou
Toyrsiu on 1 .
Iovrrinrru
56.03
ri'ouonfirflurum= 500g frT= g2T "c rortrJdu*fin v-1000nu.$il..ul
ud'riJq eJr 1'[rioi'or nutnR'rtruy rnyzuriJofi uiluauru)
frr=27oc
,ti'l;u)
^ aa v i
'
q 3i
z. onfirfiurufoururn rfiaqirunrlurirfiqnna4fi 27 rfionr:nrtnrrruiou 1onfirfiurunru
aeY
a fuil R lJ floYl"t ult 0.1lt'lq{q
*nn?1ilH1.['rud% 1 g/cm3
9v
r;r looo cm3 firurn looo g
+
IQnru
ffirc,Al
(s00x0.9x327 -T)
T
rQ;u
m2crLT,
1000(4.2)(T - 27)
56.03 o
c
tv
?to 17 aou 3.9 kg
Ioyrciu on
Iovrrin'rru
1. uuvitTnHvil?n 2 Kg fiermrurirrdlLtnt'ty = 2.5
z, finrnoi Hrin 1 Kg tddlt':' 2 Kg ( g =
tr#oeirueirtdrvitlr ( = rurnTnHy + rJ?**', +
9,/ r A a/ Y 9/ Vl r o 6t 1y ,j r
n1ilU? U Lfi il 0UnU?l.]6[0.]1J'.l.1 L3.lO'l tlJl,[gt0.l til n UUUU? U
l a r l:J us r ut{n-u r', #o m:J3.: u n y qi ru n .rhjtufi n r n o {9'/
I
10 m/s' fi?'tlJnu'ttttiuta.:rfr 1000 Kg / mt )
A(
rurnilnrno:;
rjienn:sasrird rrft u : rjtr.no'r:iglna
.Y t lr)
rdfi a ufi'u rj?m a :?l a o rir ufi at fi u
14't rJ? n1Jo.llirfi ufi il
M-pV
- (1000X0.8 x 10* )
m' - 0.8 kg
= ru?nTnra s +il?afinrnai+ il?df1firfia,l
= 2+1+0.8 = 3.8 kg
]
rir{srnmde,nirqq
Hr:J3rurn:TnHs
V=m
p
2
-
2.5 x 10'
= 0.8 x 10-3
'. t'l?AT?il|
AA
ofltlruutJIU
500g 327oC
1 n rfr s a,r a a ll'[fin'[r,l er rr e,r #
40. 7
rang ins1fl'lan{ t 169 ei'r rln ? gr n r :'[ a rfr EJ fri
lv
?to 18 aou
Tovr fu on
Iovrrinr ru
lv
?lo 19 aou 30
R2 lJl,['ll,[ R. -+
t
J
R,,
R23
= 3000 O
R:rru -
H't I T?il Aln
1
E-9.oTrnq{', R1 =Rz-Rs= 3 kO
fi'rlrla'rqnry urnbnl ( I ) idt, n riru R2
3 + 1.5
11+
33
1.5 kf)
4.5 kO
1.5Kn
I- V
R
_ 9
= 2x10-3A
4s00
fior;rxr
Vo"
*Sense
AB
- Io"Ro" ,
= (2 110-3 X 1500)
= 3 V
R rvir riun;r LLfl uu nlH n ryi'r ri'u
llu'tt,t V rvirri'u
Vo" - IrR,
3 - Ir(3000)
12-1mA
V - I(R, +R-)
1 = 20x10-r0 (20000 + R,")
R* = 30000 O
_ 30kO
-[
a rfr sr il a a lr'[fin'[r,ror er ar i
fdac-
!?oFrtJ L9t0T
41. tiln gJ il'r u'r F['l agr{ t 170 riT rlnirr nr:-[a rfi er s,r
1r,/
?lo 20 aou 2
AA
nrT.:fr?sr (T)
tiu
169
d
Ft0
ja/AA
L? n1n51q fln1U9t? tfin 0nT.]q
A 5l e,/
HTo Lrf 6retr N(u
12 fu
No16^: : : )r
t 13 -O
2i 'r
aol,[fi 2
tv lr,/
sa 1 nou ?Ja 3 n 1 lil fi sJ lt ril r,r rir fi'o s $J'l rJ 1 0 x40 o s sTa o rfr a u urvi umo isr n n 0 ri a uq
ria t - nr::Jiu'[oocud:ru rilunr:rjirurruusrfio;druuireifnnunsrnud rirl#ruo.rrfiunrnfiarufqrougl
rriu ':-nnrnuriliofifroyuiletoacryl:il11in{r,rdurdolfiftue{flodosyirhi'fiunT x.il'qrouq
ila 2 - nr:t:JdEJuunutiln#isrnnr:d'ufioruraruu (Nose piece) d.rrfluddo6oro.rrnud
rio s- nr:r:l6uudrfi'{TUrsJTo.:tnuflndfqrn 'lei'irrilueiorrdourrviu'lrrfnnn.]Rrir4rllro'ruililuqqii
rdour:Jd uurnufr uns:JiudrJ utJiuo.'*nsr6 uq ryirliuq
ila + - nr:lfrnuitlnri'ierrtdrfi'{rru to0 ryi'r oseiarnuqd"rnTun.:uun:confloralnd'rdoujdsJuriro-sfiq
u q v e t@ fllea r & a A u r e , d t
nr:nhtnro.:rrso'lrirrhcisrlrnurild' firriuri'unrnorilo [1ro.ro1nufl.ros lru[?J1flrnufl unarnntilaon l:Jriru uon
o.rg A e a
{ q
Yl1 [1] R1 lr,t 1'l t14 1,[1J O
lv
?to 2
9,/ lY
?ro 3 aou ?lo 4 rfluoet16[a{rJ:ss1nrq
aou
9/
1J0 1
l),/
?IA 2
')'/
1J0 3
9,/
1J0 4
ila 2 rs%n?Tan
vr ra i e'/ Jtgi'l1,tt{nd-nnrfigrRibosome tililtu0{tJ LtAilU Lgt [1,tt{n6 q
Gentriote lilft rfi a#a.l rasilu rilnrg'lurun dfi'sriq
a i e,,l
Lysosome fi rfi ttu LLnyT'tu til?,t'tyturryn d'fr'qr{
A i y U u&q dv d da
Golgibody il tu 04il LLnsT,lu Lqil.t llrrsnn6rqi LLnyLsnnfiT
nqr*fiiiorurnr:it'oter:rcr{ rilunr:finsriforurnr:rorRrfi6isr fi'ld'rirvrq:afinr:rio16onoril
adavhvAraaa
rrrilt'l0?0.J01i1uxl'tt{flilHetununmrfltrnr:oiruEu"1 rriu u::r^rfrTu?mur (palaeontology) aun:ruirru
(taxonomy) ri'r.tqeraori (genetics) uo;6rnfistraor{ lbiogeography) louranrcnr:drnrrruid'ruvr-ugarror{
:J:ctrn: ilr:J:sundlflunr:oiursiiolurnr:solnri rfioriluvrqufii46un'h mqrfiiiorurnr:fr{rer:rcr{
(synthetic theory of evolution)
1 n rfr s il 6{ o llt#intr,ucr ?'r s{ ;
42. 7
r{16r ar i vr sJ'l Ft1 a sr { t l7t aiT rinigrnr:-lnrfrsar
#o + sr o u ?io + rirt#To:o airot-lrq n::eril :cs'r n:ril fi srr'lrJ ril:rcil:csr n:fisur q r5n ao
a a
^ '
6A i ad c a
u:uooru6tudnoir4viffnu'lur::rutr6fi z anrunr:nl 6a n:cmuorn{riooir (founder effect) unc
rJ:rngnr:nferamo (bottleneck effect)
rd
ufln0n1Ttrtoo?r?o rno01n
1.:l:strnmurotraqii4f iruru:l:;rrnrnon.:odr.::ror5ro''urfio.rrurornn-ur::rurrG rdu rrriu6u'lrar
4tmh^l:rrfio tlornnualili:ratorfio]:n:curo lirld'ilrsmn:fi:ooornrnqrnrrn[oi'.:nairrfirurorfinn.:sq
z. firunrirlrinrrrufrto.tuondutufiurrntouJxmn:fifi6iqrtunr:od:oqunc:J:smnmrudrrSotunrrfiug{
nTuffinrruJduuu:Jn.:ornt6ruorir.:rurn IosrLurrrtonfiuosrfirururndu unr:r'''o,ronduorqilrsl:Jorndunarorq
rJ:ctrn:iltu
afrJ'loi'ir ta t, z rns 3 fioryl:1sc
rio 1 uondufiuafioadoT a6ratotildfild'q
ila z nrr rufi r ot uondui4 r:Jd su'[:J rfi oornn-uo:rrusrfi lilld'rfi oornnr:fir ufi a d
rio e. nr:rirutmter6oufirudu:sndr.:il:smnr:sir.:neiru 6o nnrnr:nlfiGsn'ir Founder effect rnioI
9t
n:s?]u01Riln0a?t
lYlDs
rTo s st ou ila z. "llTn:arj o3r6s uac6TilaTil ur.roo dtilTowur6i uefi'u{
nr:oonrueou{zaodofi6isr d.:fi6infi6'ooqjtuneirurdsrriud'orfin-nurusur.:arirrirrurYu nrro-o{Qq
o ! aao q e4 a <r , j .-__-a I 9 " - & f a. v & v ,q
a1t[un?0.1ff.lil5?q tuila0uilllJufl?unu.Jlj0{0unTil'j5''r1* tinlTooairous1,[ [orJiliirousunr:donruro n{-tuql
e t <r I t d v
'q
,A j aao a
un? ttu.i Hlult ilx ofi U u 0 u 6J onudt ureoL iltjiofi il tfi tuyl fl01 0{ 6i.tl]fi1o n 0{s9
1. otntro-n: (Kingdom) 2. "h{a-il (Phylum) uia6ifru 3. aa16{ (ctass) +. o'r.lo-u (order)
s. rod (Family) 6.6{na (Genus) z. aiJfid (Species)
riniils'roraoSlfnerruna'rsnfiofir.rsaodofifiinhnr:froururornri?,aodofifiisrToso6io nrro-oU
, q eo
11il?oxilat tTnn:til!Yl1:n'lUR1n anuilsYl'htflruEruTmur :rrur.:aruuGnrttnfr
-luilaolTufnlvrurnrasri'[6]'1ir
{ s a- ---
do v
rl0uanr:lto:rcnairoiltuauud'ru DNA rurairr ultr+R'Iilu6{noarsie;flurn1:saoRofifiio loomain;
arruT rnuriokioanrflr.r e Torrlu 6o
1.uunfi6u, truInnnrsrur lssrrluuuunfifiu osln:$unfiGu rourilol:uuofi6s
z. arfrdu : ne!rurouqrxn4fiq.:uun:n?1ilrilun:oo-o , nciruairrfirmu , ncirusounmrur6ruq q q .U , q , '4-----
r. pnrriu : aorfiTufiln fir #o{ fi.:'[o uoailarnn nrfiirufrrrer.: :rrfion osfiur 'lrlsro"'il{
lnfiIvrr^rnrnrur6o gndur lerTrrtarjoirGis tqr:Iouuo 6TnaTruur+oq
fro o nau fra r 'lstJrT%uuerfiGs
l,l I aa €r aa j u 6:t e a d t
'[qEJrluuunfirSu riluguunfi6rfiarrur:ns.:rn:rsdo'rsual'[ri'finr:Rrriu nnoT:filnri'rarrqrT:
fiuuosei'rnstv{lnfifiuoqinruluqrutuurfiriiordrursnsi'ilu'loiyltrturir6quncrir16ru urrsilfifvrulurjosq
-7----z-^-.-^--.-.-.qr,-i d u a o 6oqev^ c utet
u'lvlTau uflsR']u tqlu']u1J.l1J0{tlfi'lfl8JYlT 01nfinno"l11611nond1uTTil?i'l tl{iln1nurfltnnintOfistl.['[G[i1qq4
'[ n ufr $J il 6[ o t,t'[ri'in'[r+a ?1 il ;
43. rilnsr iYrEllrf'lasr{ t 172 eitfinisrnr:'ta rfisar
lsErrTuuunfi6u firtfi'oon6rouluu::urnrflrfiilduilrnluunodn uncriolri'rfioifouurnr:garR.:fifiiErfiq
rar ulolo Ertfo a n 6 uo u'lurJo o u-uq
ila z aau ila z ruR6Tohlnsrr
- ruR6TolruTerorr laasioiomycota) lEiuri rfiosir'r1 louairr Basidiospore uu Basidium fiogiq
rir.:loi'ra.: Fruiting body errur:ntoiqtoir.ruqiu'lfiratotoutfrloir.:6J rnsmillrnejoEJanru6nfiuloi'
eteu ila 1 ,3 rns 4 triarrur:ndouanrsJfinfiulei'
fra I -'[crvrS6TolrrTnErr toi'uri t duoi't :rrir orft flagelta airt zoospor" fi'i.'uti'r'[ui'
rio g
- uoalertruToor loi'rrri :rnr rilunrnsir.: Ascospore tun.:lascus; rriu rrrnfiad'
fra + -ttlnlruInor ld'urri :rfirilur#usrer ?iflurnr:oirnd'rsarndrs air{ zygospore tufiu
a:Joi rriu :rdrguilfl.i
rio e nau fia z ler:sirorflr.u#u1slil:6illt
rnlo.:rirrilunrnfifiIn:rirru{roeinrulud"rurirtoY 3 il?n 6o rilufiurju 1v'lo.rrirfiu:Juy
aaYosctfrArY-.
6fi nr 1v'l or rir uri'r 1 unc rfruluT:J:d u 1r l auir n or-a ;
eteu ilat 3 $n34 fiorn:rs
rio t - rlorrirr{rulraqirilurnnnhifisililrq:(Asymmetryl ratourrtfioaToftaruilrq:ld'ueirflu
flilrl1ara1il uurisfi (Radiat ryrir"try)
rio g qr-rEiouila{riltritoirflurrugdr (::Jdr.rnd'ruiilfrnuro:aurJrn rdu ururny:u1 uoirilu
::Jn:ri1 fi citia Tqu:ouel-r
ila + - rirocr?irmr'i:n:utfin1ro1r1 or-r 6un'l'r ostia iu-0.lnrfr*osr:ireiln:.rluqr-rGsn'jr
Spongocoel uuns'lun aonmrqturolraqjoi'ruuu 6sJn'jr Oscutum
aY tt/ a d a af f
rTo g nau rTa r ar+rsosn uililmrds 8TnTr'ror
rrumrlru rilunuogilu nnraurururtdu (class Mammalia 1 nl.r-o rflunrnuruo.r fi o t'r oqilul$'t
nnre6utfinol (class lnsecta) stcsrullou odlu on'rafrInTnqr (ctass Chitopoda)
9.Ydqv
?,a 10 orou ?o 2 tJ%r*gilonu%
ruu:csi"luo6o finr:td'vrirrsrn:r::rusr6rdonr:dr:tdioryirfu rdu nr:iirao{rdariluornr:unsrilu
unioui.:viu nrrsl-od'u'lflrdaair.:fiarioreru usiruupditooriurfluarrilnua-nld'rfionrrarurduormililnrnilmuC I I q I gu
ac&v
711.:g1n1iltJ'lnYlflO Yl.lYl'|.]91:'i[Lntm'lJ0Ail ltrU n'lTTst].JOnUil nlTflT'l{tlAU n1:AOOUttl[?{An']Tnl n0lfiOI
nr:aeur{uf,lor#q{ilrunsfirurtrfio nr:tfvrirrurn:odrrlilri'rurir riolri'rfionrrslnniau ilruurrunfi:* ei.:runqu I o
' 'l
, : e o q ea d t
o0n1:rilnuuuila.:vr1{qqn'tdBnefl.ttt?oa0il Yl1 tu[non']'ttJtflufi'tuo0n11il14n1nfinluyt1.ttTTilT't0ltil1[0u'l.]tJ1n
'[n rfr u EJ 6[ a lt'[#in'[r,ror ?1 E r i
44. rilaer ?mslrrlasr{ t 173 drrinirrnr:'[n rfisJEr
ty lv
?ta 11 stou uo 1 200
ornnr:cirurfiuor-rorjr.r o er{.r'ld'eirradurvirrTu't0 + 6 + 13 + 5 + 3 + 11 = 48 ; 48t6= 8 d'uq
ale
unsornnr:trfn:auuu'iruru:J:ssrnrr%'rq 2x2 lr.rgrr 6tf irururafisryirn-u g qiulu4 Err.rilar
- Z q a. e
o"rriulu 100 Etr.rilqt orii'ilruruurflrerr uyirriu (100 x g) I 4 = zoo oiu
e v & ^ ie;, ! e r
ra 12 gtou ?to 4 nud'usoodr.lfrriju*rufloaeironre:
luToru1uo:1 :1-4r.[orrrilurtqfifinquurrriauri'i{ul?ulu oqfaurirt#uq frntrnrcrdrt6oq q rq ---'- J --'
dusoo6ufioqidrornfieGuduur+aobjocfiueTarijurirufioocirosnrr nilolry,ruyrl.rErourufiaqq
A I a A A A u € u ty a A t y 61 9
T0'0vr?U0tilTn"r[141.[0 t[n;ur:[5u flulrrunsflqli0lfluauilaurlro :J5il1ruilul{auilrn luqofoudrr
#u r riru{tdnaAuocn;nrsrei,fitr..nti.triarrur:n6rur.irua.:'[:J1ud'urirufillffi.:virrun-.ooqiuufirGu.u
rir1fr:Jgnfir'ld1u:rar#ug firfinuosrilunrntrioanun;'[fvjru unssr-riluRrfi6iEr;furir rriu'[aunuq
ila tg srau ria 3 Rlenciuaan
lu:J:srmfl'lnsr:JrGud'uilunldtunrnqrsfuoon - nc{r*oanrdlr.itd' lurtnfinr-ofuiluiqau6i'r.:$ngq
oflo ttnvR'rntsi nrntoiErouoir.:oY.rulei6'.:nr-ouor:sir::il:1t Eri.r nrtrj :JrGurmnutsi'lunrnrrafio unsilr
A e llr4 u A A
ou un{y{u to tun'tnqs?u0 an lfl u.: t14u0
tYttAA.lt
Tla 14 aau ?ro 2 Nrld,rlfisoilosian1:6t5'106t1:a1il17
t v ct - .l aa.o--!-4- , y gy y v v l. d . da
usn'tr{tilun']:T?uo?nusa.:ri.:iJri1qm.:fr9ttngflEriuufouuunu [oufrarudrsrrai{16ue?l$1o
a ia I
rffnfi6sn'i1 susrtrytnSi lzooxanthettae) riluoodrJ:cnoudrfrrg'lu nr:airoarilr:Iosrn.l:
v d e av e ^6tit [o t1 914 u6{it flT'].1 6t6tu un g fl T1.: 14 1.[:J U
Iouiln6:Jvnli.:ossrilr:n:liuqr-'rlrairirrTuRrrrroflaru'lsifi.l:so-uorunnfia.:aolunrrsrJnG rdrti-,qg{q
-- .-y-- 4 a i a a i , v d
mstafoufiu sttryiltmaffosqru tiioryurudErrufrroJil:cnrfifioc6onr uas:J*nrilfiriou "1 Erru'l:J
q i f r s3a
lufr ao [o EJ:J:rnnnr:nifi rTun'ir ":Jsnri{y'lonmr"qd
6'o#udonurjcnrioldl*ti.dt rilr1c surr+r?rn6 sioot#uaotunrr*lorn:rcrdorur:
z?o 1s nau zio z 'luTn:rolr
u i u a ad aa , q , A _ X
?00nrlilla:tou 0''lrlu0fluYlit]tlnsuunfit5sJur{n6iil lunr:rjasenruilrnfraqoi{fr
1. nlrcrn'tuI:J:6u (Proteolysis) ToEr*unfi6su1rn6iil riioR.:fifiiqqrun.iJ:J:6ulurdorfloos
anrurilu Peptide uns Amino acid orili{rEiu
2. Amino acid nnfldlurilu$oilIiltfiu (Ammonification) IosJuunfirisrncgfiuniriur.:neiru'qc
1 . nr:afrttutor:v{ lruitritication;
- uuofiGEt Nitrosomoras r:JdsJuuoruTrurfisJrilululn:?i
'[a rfr s il 6[ o ?r'lfinlr,ra ?1 il i
45. rilner imulgf1asr{ t 174 dr rfin irr nr ;'tn ufr er a.r
- uunfi6 ?r Nitrobacter r:Jfisuluto:yiriluturo:vr
2. r:Jduutilro:mrfluuoruIrurfisruta'luto:ri lnitrate reduction) Iosruofi6unnruncjnq
3. nr:airllulartou (Denitrification) lfiuntriranrurfiqr:l6uulutEr:yruiluri"rq'luTe:rou
rnu Thiobaciltus , Micrococcus
o. nr:or€rlulo:rau (Nitrogen fixation) Xfiuvririur.:ilrnu:JdErufl'rstulo:rouriluarr:J:v
n o u'[u1e:rou'[ei Io r ravrr; Rh i zobiu m lu:J ru:'rn d"r
dtr do t rnc g tdo6uiliririoun'ir i6,fi'n:'lulo:rou 6o ldnfiuntrirftoriounnruv{oedoia
unsnr{u oulufi tuasffo{fi qrr srtil rfi o r:Jfi Eruriluarrofiuvririsi o'[:J
fia q - r-no-n::rorrirtiltd'oduvriI.i urittoi'2 n:clrunr: 6a&C
1. short cycte triufiurrTuRtfifiiornu rilunr::vuauorori.u.onsrn fitouH6ioti.dr*1
6, €, , * 'X a X Yrrl , a
Ln o nl::? il sr? rljl.lrrJlN o n fl .: tJ1 [:J ut l l{11't fl v{ uo u v{ l{u'] lfi n flil 3 [n 0 n
2. Long cycte rfiu'lri'uA.:fifiin IostSilornfirgloriruirl:Jvrrrrrnud"ro",ori,rrrnnrrilrn,u
lu :rlvrtr'loti'rfillfi'e.n'r:rars'[o :srilutil:rilfiu'lorirtuo'rnrfl nd''ruriluril,il riluiluqrnnrrurdn
v9
rTa te nou rTa t nracil:?sr
nrr cil:Ro 6 o nre cfi dh smdo'trirj:cTssfuci 6 n dh s?rdo 16l s rJ :cTerrf
unnruu'jr 6Ern'[ei"jrriluun:J:Rm rilufioGunn{ruunfifinqGn::rukjafrti.:ro.: uoios'[rJm.:trjq
A- A u r, 4yr t e s ar l4, X I qe r- I
' t v uu,
ylT.:1J 0{un ouLtn?tJn 0 u [141r{ a uililn t0114{T.:v{n [1ufls tn u:odn 0 0u tfi [o uyt1t 0 [[tJ 1ril11o.]T.t-trimil1Tn
r/ty, d
^
j tq v e et j
' ^
s J A -
Ltunuuc [o?-rildnunTuo0t{T?tJ0u [ur.to?u tttJ?1$.J0dnun:JTflatoitutqrl tgrTutSou g un;onur*no.:qI .u ,i,t
v a , lil r ! ! AX f acv o clyr t e - X
ililosilfi?'tiluan01.t ttJ01nil a ![[lilnntflu:o [our:Tilt1srn u.io.lfl'u4uo tfil^i01,[n[[riuntorto,:f.:tdutg
, o J, y , l,l r I a u q 6r e v r r
0nun:JTdqila0 [il t1JlJ0.:unuTdoilna;illn00nlililgr?R0ildnuntdttto.::t Ltnc&tuoylirnru-Lrjla.:uniu ,u
Iu
to1fla.:T{auniloRll 14Ton'tdnunTina0nt:Juqt't1t:0ilnu nnunil:flaniln0cfitntunnunt{rlo.tf.tou
T e 6l e u a a^ i , a o $ao i , ^14lJO LO Un'l:O1{ [140nn{ il10'lnT.: [6f UT? El nlTTtnn1,{n:JTfl91fl',]illTntirnr:il'La{ nr:franunrl:REt
-n----Atr, 4 '
fl1il',]:nil'lnlTu to ru0{01n?111.[1qo?dnun:JTdaIn0uytn5uo03tl?Jlt''lo tuqn?']nnunudrg0.ofr
lA 17 AOU ?lO 2 pollen grain
- Pollen grain 6o nsoo{l:il riJurrynd-fi:J:snouei"]u z firrnfisn 6o tube nucteus (n) unr
generative nucleus (n) firrodusdosurj.: mitosis t:JriJu 2 sperm nucleus iio'ir pollen grain d
c.
tflu male gametophyte soofir
Male gametophyte 6o fislu:sErsfiairlrtod'fiuuTuf Tou gametophyte rolfisqsfrdruru
In:k:Imr rvirrTu n rncos u:-i.{ mitosis rfi o eirl rrni{fiuriur{ tn)
'[n ufi EJ ilr 6[ o t,t'[#Yn'Lua ?'l E r {
46. 7
ranEJ ?mEJ1F[1asr{ t 175 sitinirrnr:'tn rfrsilr
atru ria 1 3 Lrns 4 fiorn:r;
eav)aeA,i
rio t - Anther 6a frunrootr:q {n) ffrfi rrniifiosrilfi uulil rilunsoo.iorinru'[u
Y dt <A a , 6
10 3 - Microspore (n) t:Jilt6fdnmtnq0lnn'l:ttu.lt{nn[[U]J meiosis fl0.1 microspore mother
A N_ .._!_ A v A a a a .4 y
cell (2n) S{ microspore u0sttu.: mitosis t}tOaff.: pollen grain fr.rfr z frrtnrdln (tutio z1
v . .6r dA ,q A ,q
'Ia 4 - Microspore mother cell (2n) t:Jil[Snnm0U !un{tTIu (Pollen sac) qi.:oft luoungoo.]t:tu
ttnsosttri.] meiosis '[oi' microspore (n) (lurio s)
r7o lA nau #o + ,irrjr n:so-.r.r1 att",u"t
oonfi fi raar sio'hituoantdsr rft o roiq riluarn osrilurunnairu d.:toiuri,ir:Jr n:so-r.:r
i ^ & 6 su,q
ao:otuoT tfiolorzunfiuoqiriuiruruoonunri'rurui.:'Lrj"luuqinsqan uilrrflu 3 rfio 6o
. A a A a ull
'u a q a v 6r j a t dve
1. t{ntou? oa zudYllnoillolnT.][101.{[G]u1luo0n[dEJlnu oyrljuoonrdurnSooonriofr'loi'
e 6t , url
' t y t4 '
u A i
^ i , e a q
n'lLiluoanla:.: t1?0.:ttonsoona0.: ltJunoilT?iln% zun[oUx?ltneotnqontdur tdu f,il ilstflo flnnar
rJsrs [[a.]tfiooir.:1 eiruiraudurfirfiorurornoonria r:iu ilsrh{ rus:J:r.r
z. nr a neiru 6 o ru nfi rfi oornirlrjn ar rriitd nto n airn o.:ir'ldtuo an rd ur rTur o.: o o n rd sr9q
u ll ' ct
' A I u A a, at
i{'[s[[qincal,tosnnrutijupinriaEJilfl.:2o [ounnurunotoonffosnarurijuzunnaiilosriluoan 1 oonunsfi
ul,l ' v a a u ul4, t a ! - v u dr A
:.1t1fifl1u0u lltll'].:Tl{otJu.lT.l lfl[[ans0uogi0onuttr.lururnouruu.:tfr0ru:rrunuonn'runiurijut{dtGu?
triu t{nfiosudr aot:otua{i urrsfioruri.rir'lrjtilogjii'ori'uuriu6.rfinrnrfinI uunR-rr rriu flnn:caYoorqJ
,iril ,irrjr Rlrcr.tn t,tilutl? rijud'u
3. zunr?il 6o ernfirfioornirtrjsotoanrdnsoonra.:oanrio drrfiol:rruriuuriu irhiuarirdoy
-6r,Avdtj,nnruuijunndot I rfr oruTxilnuttduouoai'rurijur{d[6ux rriu runff:J:Js:o ruuq
z7o tg qou fio s 'lalilnofin
*.a cr ag X , .q.l X & a ^ r , j
n?t1u?tll1{1lg[:lIdu{n ttntt0nocil'l[u[dil.:?u[ufr06f( Epigeal germination) [ou6truff.:on
aanornurufioriouda radicte ornutuo;o-uciruso.:ciroi'utdl:lrd'rJr (Hypocotyt) dururuaflo6urioufiosio
6 r u o r eir ul o.:'[u rd'Er r rrn s iir oi'u rm fi otr rd'u r ( E p i cotyt ; durur nr u ra ff.:
ohfu Tn ro air o fi In d fiudu6 u ri o u 6 o air oir+t dlu rfi'g o do ri s n'i1 faln n a fi a
'[n rfi sJ il 6{ o l,b'[#in'lu a ?1 il i
47. [{16r rJ ir'r rJlF['lasr{ t 176 iirrinirrnr:'[n rfisril
9./ 9r/
?lo 20 etou ?lo 1
A
n:oil1dn , PGA
NADP " , HrO
Q1nn1?-lfilU dark cycle lJo.lfig C4
A9,/j
u5alsrufr (n) 6o Matic acid ernnlulflu
(?t) 6 o Ct]? LLnv (.t) 6 o Pvruvic acid
a,..Ydag/
Hn{01n1,t1,[ 1 (cor) novnnat{qIr u RuBP
ufrqrflu (n) 6o Phosphoslvceric acid (PGA
tr.l calvin's cycle
9./
?JO 21
lr,/
aou ?to 2
t. tu Lignt reaction ftuu[[fl.r I o;ri1uilao6rfinqr:ouultJ#t**rfi NADP.q
2. :suuuar t qslei'iu6rfinEr:ouduoln*u:Ju6t.t il
3. siru:vuuuar tt ovtoi'iudrfinn:ouduornrJfrfiSur Phototysis 6a nr:uqnr-.nr.rti.' uaslri'
6rfinqr:oudurri:cuurar tt unsl# H* uri NADp. rfiorilu NADpH + H.
-&qsada-----+uq9lada!
o0r+r,ra'rruorono:ou 6o NADP. rraconlfdrf;no:ou 6a ur
'[ n ufi u N 6[ o t,t'[ri'in'[u n ?1 EJ i
Q, V {i'F rdb
FSsflsstffir?J
48. raas iYrEJ'lG[1asr{ t 177 itrrfin?rrnr:'[n ufrsru
ila zz srou #a + nnfi ua"o"erru#arfind:cil'irodr6'ufieprfiIa'lnoirYun:oocfiI%
:ri'nr{uqn::ru (Genetic code) 6a droi'uto.:rufl 3 oirurarilfirilud'rdruuosfiosorn:oasfiiu dq
o vrirhjtrlunr : ff{ rn :r cdTrJ :6 r+
a dT U dda A- v du aT A
nlquro.tu?ofr [a'[yroi fi60 dT o]ulo{ruflfl6rruT{1.[!'nuruoro.:nroosrJ [u g{ocriruuo'irrilun:gr
osfi lusfi oto lun:sur unr:u:J o:frns ot nr:dL: tn:r sd}l :6u
eteu #o 1 ,2 rtn& 3 fio tntrs
v a lil 'ues,
a &
fl A 1 - :14 flTl1{!'nTTil0{ til [O [Uiln']OUlJ 0.1 t1J ffiJ A{ U1,ty1.114 tl O
ila z - orn:io t :u-ar{ugn::ruhi1oi'riJufiu o-orfu nrrlfiormrunilrs'jr :u-an-uqn:mr 6ofiucq
rirraru od a eiuuTor:hTmr 6.:ki n noi'o r,u ,u
rio s- nlrrrfo{oansorfiuosuaoraonrurlu::Jgo.:TrJ:6ufifi'rrn:rsfoanrurteTdou.uwg
dt It ca A'
rlJuroulgruil5oan:*rusvn.:l ruqnrrilvril:rn40onrr (Phenotype)qi
9 lr/
ra 23 stou go 1 n. uac a.
aai,^61
O']R X fli A = 28o/o Un3 Y tJ A = 32 o/o [U0.]01nlj:tl'ltutud[U DNA
AlAa./Y
QviluTilllil1j0.t A- T 9t.1UU
T- 32To $nsil3illtullo.tG-coi'ruT-28%
=22o/o G = 18
c - 22% c-18%
a;rfloi'ir t. Ie.rra4aDNA?roo x 6irurcmnndr y (rio n)cc
2. :rfi'j'r.:rua c nnv c d.:riluruadaruriuriufuoirufiurclaTo:rou g rnrTursqt
:su'ir.: n ri'u t oso-ufiud'rufiuoctaTo:rou z n"uly
x dsfiil3s.l1ru?roir G uac c mnn'ir uacr{iailfi'%oirsfr'%scfiufiou:on'j'r
60fi qrun4filr,tnlrildor.rrraaraon'ir y lrio oy
la u8 u il 6[ a t,t'[#Yn'[ua ?1 s,r i
cy
a-/ a-/
O.1141,[
49. r6ras ?ms1r[1asri t 178 rtrrinirrnr;ln rfrs&r
9,/ 9r,/
?o 24 aoil zla 4
o'rnlonTi- td'
1t8
C-qrrrjnficn'luooe
AAAF,
l-uttouatouAul.bLil
Vl tA A d
i - LililLtO1,[9tt0lAUlArilo
dt aT Vl 6tVl et/ t
LIJI,IO LlA Lril LO?'I
*""8 x
&
x'Y ii
BAAc,A
| - lttLo1,[atol,[ B ul,ltilotn8qLt9t.t LLnr
nnt'l u oi'ortd'iu x' illa1 n $ri unytd'iu y$
yi r t r,i'yr 11 u 6 T ul yr :h o .r rni o r L n v u ei t d"i r r fJ u
a/ iA &
aln a n t*ilylj 0.1 n n ?1 Ln q1 1,[(u
9,/ Vl q,/o/ d Y
st'o.t'Lsiiu il u i u1 yl:orn ili o Lrn r uei
P x"Y loi
F1
A
q Ln 00 !Lgt.,l
A
tn 0 q uo.l
A
0r t1J EJlr
P
F1
x"x" roi
rrY
il'1o'lnil a t?1'l%1,b LLny
roi orfiIon16r
%
a/ Y aT
9t.t1,[1,[il 10n16[
1/+
= 118
_-__&_j- A, , a ta dt .a s j
et.tilu lonr efr tnio unsueiosfr fi ri 16oe rfjuH ri rfi oqlo rfi ofi or:ul uanrs roi x
ufiqnnlei'rilt*fro, roi ,iilufiq:reiru r:z:r oi'.rriugnfiIonrnrilurdaora{Io rvirfiuru 9I
io
unsrfrofror:rurgj x"y * x"x" qnfrTon.rnuilu x"x" , x"x" , x"y rrnr xy.u tl
fio;'loignarrqr:Jn6 1u:Jn'jrrTr'[ri'[oi sior6qlrn.*n"0.lnHf.:unrrru 1 mtfru r,
o-o rfu rfr a 6 o :r erTa nr a{do r"loi4 n are or il n G H ai rfi o oTo do ryir ryu Tn xsqr
lr,/
?to 25 aou 8-+5-+3+ 7+ 2
6o 2n-4 oyufru'irTcr:TruIryrufr
u u'l o1r o {Ter :TruIryru fi tri rvir ri'u
l)'/
?to 3
&
$,io
* *r+
!
??r#
I
FI(u
2 Fi 6o 1.Fi AD(u(u
ufruld'uilud$
ln rfr s il 6[ a %'L#in'[r,ra ?1 N i
ffiri'u ad LLny B n-u b rato#'trnsr'[d'orn
50. raas inslsf1asr{ t t79 dT rinirrnr:'[arfisru
z 6a n =2 fiIn:Truitru z uvi.:uoc'lrild'riluririu riluusnd'r{nfi'ylffirfioornR'uaenr:$il.lqlq
meiosis
g 6o n = 2 frTerilruImr z urvirunr'lritoirilueinTu losrueinsuyi.:riifi z Io:rur6oql
uao.:'ir ril ursn ii'r{ n dfil fo. n:, o rR,u"qd Meiosis t ryir#uq
a 6o 2n = 4 tilu:csc Metaphase llo.r mitosis Tn:IilTsililn[yi.:6slrnartrryaii'q
s 6o 2n = 4 uiju:sus Anaphase t ovrfiu'irfinr:uunqito,: Homologous chromosome,u
o 6o 4n = 8 tilu:sss Anaphase 1r0r Mitosis finr:uunTfl:rur6ooon'l:J rirtd'fidruruso.:
In:IilIsilrfiirurflu z rvir
t 6a n = 2 tilu:cuc Metaphsae tt In:hlmrfirilu n'hifiqi ilr6sr{nnr{rsnd-,u
g 6o 2n = 4 tilu:vgv Prophase I orrfiu'irfinr:'i'rnorqr*'rraltorln:hlqilunyfinr:rrirri,u
10.1 Homologous chromosome
g 6a 2n = 4 rilu:crls Prophase sor Mitosis osrfiu'irftnr:'irao.:slrro.lgo.:In:hImr
lilrdet
1'trifinr:ufifl)
10 6a 2n = 4 rilurqadlu:sucrioufiocfinr:,iroo.rsr-rro.: (riouosrilu;rJfi sy
1'l 6o 2n = 4 tilu:cuc Metaphase t ocrfiu'irfinr:rrirqigorTqr:TruIryrurrnsilr6u.:nnrrrrynd'qt
1riu.:rilu$) o-orfutunr:afrrtqoii'fiuvlTurf'oiorairunr:urirrsnd'uuu Meiosis
a:rjloi'irq
ria t - fio rfloto'rn s 6o nnapnase I rrdc 6 6o nnaphase flo{ mitosis d.rtilld
,j
Et0tu0{nu
ila z - fio tfio{orn 5 6a Anaphase I LLni t1 6a:cus Metaphase t drorqlo.rrfiedu
riou:cusfi s
#o g - rflr+nr:uriorgaduuu Meiosis 6s,oqrileird'uocironnsioo{
ila q
- rilr*nr:6ule{rql-uond'a.r ueirilunr:urirrsod'[uu Mitosis d.:'[rjnnoi'o.:qrrrufi9lg
Ioyrrinrru
tYltlltrdA
ra 26 nou flo I sTtllsiactNo 6a 1 ila (fruit) ,vCyad.aAa-cjovuu,
?l'lx 1 $Jao [[?'loril na flatrl$n Garyopsis fr.:ilnn:*rucrorrrufrofr6orrr.lunurulfri.:'lr.i
(Pericarp) :J:ynouoireJ z ciru 6a
1. rnflu (Hull raio Hust; : rilueirufir{'ruzunrirrvrtrralot{ :J:cnouei'ru r:Jfrontrani rrjfronqo
e&<a<AA
tdn nrr rhrruio uny nhu:o.rrrufro ffrurrfiorufionTu
2. rirrnd'o.r (caryopsis nia Brown rice) : :J:;nouEiru
- e.rritil'hj (ovary wall) fiftetrudou l g #u rfiorufionTuur.iu fifi'n:enrsuiju Roer
'[ a tfi sJ ilr 6[ o %'[#in'[r,ra ?1 il i
51. 7
rilaEJ iyrulcf1asr{ t 180 et'r #n irr nr ;'[n ufi s a.r
- r:Jfionri'rurlfio (seed coat) fi z d'u filtfururnq
aleurone layer : rflu"futdr{'ru starchy endosperm ror'[{ fi protein
"ournu.'ndrio
:J:rnoul:Jeiru oil, cellulose uns hemicelluloses
- Starchy endosperm : :J:cnouailgrrfl.: z gfio 6o Amylose uun; Amylopectin
- Embryo ratofi 6trn'jr oqnriT r fiI:J:6uuas'ltfiugr
lr/ 9/
la 27 aou ?ro 2 180
tu:J:vmn:fioritu Haroy & Weinberg equilibrium orrrufilorduostrjuJficruu:Jn.:uf'jr
, i - d A,qs A a , d, Aa t dt
oril'tun generation nq1il lil0ll4Fr?']ilnfl0.tul,[[ou tilu p $asn?tilnUuclattilu q
ornTovrririrrauo'ir fiorurfionfirilun-nurusei'os 1% uuao.:'ir ourfianfi6Tulvrfluilu
homozygous genotype rrvrurirld'uilu 92 = 1 o/o
= 0.01 d'trfu q = g.1
tuil:strn:vtttrauro..udtorfiureiu:rrud'uorrrrufisarfiuoi'aselar'loirilu 100 o/o
6o p*q=100%=1 t-otiu tdur:rueirqor'[d'ritp= 1-q = 1-0.1 = 0.9
,*r.'r*rriuuufirilu Heterozygous 6o zpq rvirn-u 2 x 0.9 x 0.1 = 0.18
tnrj:srrn:1,000 nlr 6oryirn'u 0.18x1,000 = 180 ar,r
lA 28 OAU ?,O 4 l4EJ1gtA?t 1=2n ?lEJ'luldfl 2=n
olnRln tflunrnuao.: Embryo sac lolfig
t 6a e.rririlt:i (zn) z 6o Rntipodat ceil (n) 3 6o potar nuctei (2n)
+ 6a egg 1n; 5 6a Synergid celt (n)
e e lt ,a
ruri.ri.:'trifio'jrtilu vegetative cell to.:fit ostilu 2n tutrusfirrynei'dadnrsJlui.:nlrivrs.]uilor.iru9t
nr:urjttrynei'uuu Meiosis 1a{ Megaspore mother cell (2n) toi Megaspore (n) unsttri{ Mitosis siodn
s uio toin{rurrnii-z lrnd' fifr e firrnfiuelu emuryo sac o1ruR'rv{q
o'orfr.l rrsingrsnd'6itflu n unt{u Potar nuctei rilurrynd'dftnr:uri.:firrndEra ucilil'lsiuri.rlry
T4acrtA,aad
lqilnrafiil Grrilu t rsndfifi z firrnfiua o-o'jrrilu 2n (n+n)
tr,.t6t&iafd
ra 29 oou ?ro 2 rEril'lc[fla6iFlrJryi1ltl[ frtiaaal:fln1r{ci
fietu 6o Epidermis rflurdarfiofirj:snouEirEr Epidermat cett dr'lrifionoT:narasi'
untiu rradqru dtr:Jfiuuu:Jn{illo'rn Epidermat cett ocrilursnd'fifinnaT:vrnreoi'q
ater+ r7o 1 ,3 un& 4 fior rnmc ila t - u-rrilufisildrudr fi:Jrntuodd'ruuufir'lu
rio g
- rrynd'ilnrsad'sa.rrdoufiofirlu 'lrifinnoT:nnrad'
q
.t
fia + - fitunrJnfirirutraqj fifir1umr'roYrucir.:rortu oirrfurur6rftrhnlu fifirtud'ruei'r.: ,d,
n o nr:aru rdu dlmrr :Jrntu
la rfr sr ar 6r o ut#intr+n ?1 ar i
52. raas imslr[1asr{ t 181 eir rin irr nr :-ta u6 sr er
fro ao nau ?io + or{uouloaan'lsoi
firs{d fi 6m Bn a si o nr:it'u rsrmsrduao d a or{u ou'to o a n"lro{ 1cor1 d.r ril uforq Gufi oyn n
rirl:Jldtunr:airoirqrrn eftfiiiri'rfitloiiu co, *,lndu 6'o:rnr:#rro:rrfua.:osu.ndu usirfiofi.r:co-u
eeAv
n'l'rilr{r,{u14ii.J uil'jrosrfiil co, ff'lrivirtri'o'qr:rnr:ffirn:rsfrarrfiruduuqiarir.:lcr
q i dt o ia U , g q e,t v d i
lutilryrn1$oon$Lol{uJunl6tryr?.tg !ilEro{n1Ttr tilnlrfl{[nr.rrfirrfl{ tua.:ornostiluqr-rl:J
virorrornoT:filnii' rirtri'rfior.lfiffiurfiriun'jr nr:nrulouat'loi usiloEr:Jn6il3rurrufi'rroan6uoulu
ltrA ,i , au,, d a
01n1FI leriln1Tt:JnuuuUn{il1n o.] ttjfl.lt{fln:sytuEt0n'r:fl{tor]314t[6t.tt0{?lTil1ntyr1iliil1il CO2
gA 31 SIOU flO 4 D, E, H, K
:r n g a.: ft tlu r6"u r rd ur 6 u r qr il dr ei'u or n d'r uuo n rrirl:J :J :; n o u oi': u
ct X A Y a eAa v u a Y a v d u 'a1. epidermis riluruatU0T1lil0ndo illsddyllTu.ta?nulilsj.]{1{t6iu'tttdsNu.:tgn6iur.l-[rjilnno
I:n nr aqi' ur.r rryn d-o v uJ6 rr uuil nrlil ril us u:rn
2. cortex tiluornntsEt:rra'jr.:fu epidermis [[ns stete rJ:snouoYrurdoufionrr:t6rur firir
vA Y *' ' a r I r4 " v Z'q
nrirfresnil*runsorur:tiludrutraqj Iou:rn cortex osrroun'jrtudrqlu 'ii'uluserso.r cortex oyrilu
rtnii'unrrdsnGun endodermis 1lu:rnfirturd'Errrdsrrorrfiuforou; cett tu#udriiofiorqrurnduorft
nr#onur un:rsftar:sruoiurato6fiuaverori rreiosfi?ir.:fifirrynd'ruri.:urrrrm:nod $nsodo:.:n-utturqJ.uqtq
I/lA
to{ tstdil trgn?'r passage cell
3. stele tfluuirrrufiorifioornfu enoooermis rrir'[:J vru'ir stete'lu:rnosuoundrtu cortexql
t e U ' -X
uTsn 0uo't u'ugt'1.: 6J o{1{
3.1 pericycle rfllursnd't{#lur'oturotfinft t-z unrnurailrstu:rn riJuuuuaildrrfiorar:rn
tl1l{.J ( secondary root )
3.2 vascular bundle tJ:sn oueir sr xvlem o tiEr:{lonar{6sr riluLran lufi slu rd'urqiosfi
----c
phloem oii:sfi'jrt$an eiailltfiotd'otfroto?E vascular cambium frlr:sil'irt xvtem n-u phtoem rreilu
X i u,a a q X ,ao
lflurrGs'ros'lrjfi flnra.:v{s[:J[as{oila1u?uuan#ouil:sil'rru 1-o uan Ioururnrinfi + rran ciru:rn
^adlv^oro.rfirlurfiulrfiuafnf irururanilrnn'jr (rfiu to lu)
.t t* tiluuitrruo:.:nnr'r:rnniat#lugor:rn rfiutqi"i'oroutu:rnfirlurd'Er.:rdur 6iru
0 rdr ! i a , a c J"[ra
qi riJurfi o rfi o nr r:t 6 rur eir u:r nfi r lil rfi EJ.: ri et:.: n nr I ru-n ril u xytem
v9
ra 32 stou zo 1 A, F, t, J
ai r qiufi tlu rd'a.:
$ 6 a.: or r ru ii r oiu o r n qir uu a n rrir'[:J lrtoll fi
1. Epidermis airulraqjorrrutfiu.: t #u frmr:vrrn6r6u rato wax rofiouoqloi'ruuon rdtq,
euaYXAa
u 0{nun1Tfltu tfl u1.[1 0 0n0'ln [u0 [u 0y{rgu
ln rfi s il 6rall'[#in'[na ?1 il i
53. 7
tilns ?vrEJ'lr[1agri t 182 drrinirrnr:'ln ufisa.r
z. cortex airutHqiriJt,rLfrnd' patenchyma
drrtd
H n? il tH UU0.1?'l.ITYH?'l { t$n n
nr utuolofi chloroplast
3. vascular bundle tudroi'ufrnlrroiru16ulsrtu:yus:JoeJnfids$
X i -. - a ,61 uda
tffotfio pntoem tuov xvtem tisJ.rerirunrEJilioo{luttur:-sfirGurfiu fi phtoem orjsiruuon xytem adoiru
tu fr vascular cambium ri'unnrt:sn'j1.1 xylem riu phloem
4. plttr :J:snoud'tu parenchyma cells tiluairulrn n'rulurqnd'orofi chtoroptast
t. firtuld'u.:qiiinrdohiiiolrJri'rn1 rrnii'oiruuonro.: cortex orarfio ceu differentiation.uc
nffut:Jrfluldorfioroirufi6ern'jr cork cambium tdlrari unsrfionr:uri.rrrnd'afrrcork dururriluetrura.:
r:J fi o nhi riu,.'r ri,l ul, r.r cortex un ; epidermts ra no o o nl:Jloi'
z. rfitiifirfio'lfiufr ctrura.:rdo'[f6o xytem fi:rruqr-rriuudu ruarrfiurilurril uri.:ufiatfikff
I a X , ue
z riru6o n:yfirunsuuriutf airu phtoem os:riladluciruro.rrilfian'lri laart;
z7o gg srou zia s 'lrrailrYr.urnuurrYn fiaro Ty,lnraarrir.lu:n 6{raor:o6an
safranin o riludEiorufifiuillfEioil,.rritrsnd'rorR.:fifi?q Touf,sioilos6ofild'6ii6nfiuuuilrirusnd'
-Ye'Ja^oayv
o.:uulsddYt ilnnuufi 1{1 1 036ruo{ [1J 1t50 [0u
- Xylem TsutL!:n[[as:sucfiaa.: fie.rri.:rsnii'fitilusecondary cett watt 6a ftnr:ayarufinfiururn
, aunor:r6rur finr:asal6nfiufiruri.lrrynei' (cett watty
atru rio 1 ,2 udc 4 fio rr:rs
- fir lpitn; uflurdorfi o parenchyma d.:tritoifi nr:ayetfinfiufi ini.:rsod'
€a-'Xi^),)
- noinrrorrurfitru (cork cambium) rflurdordoroirg{iu:Jfiuuuiln.:rurorn parencnyma filnd
epidermis kifiAnfiu rutirnur , trnlruo{ rilu p"r-"n"nyma rfiond.: fifipi{rqad-rurrurn
- Phloem TsusttTnt{dflurorfinrfiuon-u yirld'floruftruo.rrfiutoi' uei:yusdao.:orufiururir
A - 5il 16l e d avte
ytul{ToL01l t{dn tilil t14u0.J[14ufl [ou1nn?"t
9 t/
-9___--r a ynu-& o ty ty &
ua 34 stoil flo r srruuuordal stlrlruE!0il%udcairslun{roiilr
rfia to ilfiud'rEronor!4.:uuoi'ulffir;Ersvir'rorndu6u 1 rruqr uirrn*rfuriluuirrr*roud.,d,(U
n''lxr (Zone of permanent tissue) d.:'hifinr:roirXluuur6r (Primary gromh) o-lriuuriostirutrj to il
-.-r- -.-.,4 tvvlv X i ^ a ct X j
^ d
asU0Yn{aUil9l'lttl4u.ltotl [[oo1.[ [u0sfl{11l Lilon01nUi[?ilU0oflf tilutfrottJoto5ilosii Primary growth
onoot?n1 rirlrir{ruuaoroSqardu6aul airufiaooir6J a{illasndrrrrfluudarfionl?: ftnr:roSrXtar
cambium liir'larilufittutfi'r.lqj o;fi cambium) afrr Xytem uac phtoem oon'l:Jd'rudr.: rfioriJuroiru
vrr'ld'rurir.: (secondary gromh) virtv{fitfir#udruqrueinnro,fiiudu ra3oii'ruduriuralq
'[ n rfi s EJ 6[ o %'[#inlua ?1 il #
dA a./ t 9/
LSn n tTU{ a? fl 01*1t1.1
viodrrfru.:il:ynoueYru
54. lansJ imslrf'rasr{ t 183 eir rin i rr n'r :'[ n ufr s, er
r7o ss nau ?io + [J$srarfiss,r
rio t - rnntdlrillutfiootiluot-rn::{ulunr:lrl6uu Thromboptastin dafrrrurornrd'orfiafirfio
uotaunvtnfiorfioo l#narsrilurau'lryf prot'nromuinase dosdrt:Jlflunr:snrEJeirsor prothrombin ld'
n nr sJ rilu Th rombi n ei o'[:J 6.: rfi srdo.: fiu nr:rrfi r Eies o.: 16 o o
ilaz- iqrfiurnftnrrufrrilulunrtsfrtl:l:6ufitfiurrio.:ri'unr:rrfi.:Eirso.rrfrooornqr-u rriu
Prothrombin
ria e - Fibrinogen rilul:J:dufincnruoEiluufioo air.:ornCI-u d.rqia'liloyur:J:anrnrilu Fibrin
rfi o n n n:soi'ud'r EJ Th rombin uns Fi brin a sm uoi'r rilur#ulsfi t:Jil o uuru ntufi qo
ila + - I:JuqrardsJil'[rirfi urlioln-uRTyu?iln1:ufi.:qlrsorrdoo
c
ga 36 srou ?,a 1 n. uac fl.
Aao^c,.qcru
urfffiaruuGriJu diuretic osfirld'lo'lilfinr:glorirnffu 6rrfiornr:riu:Jsamclurl?rurrururn 1or:ldrru,u
tiu Antidiuretic hormone : ADH) fi ornr:dr,: rd u.tfi ufi qdu'[d' 6 o
' a'rn1r Hypokalemia 6o fiI:Juoardsril(K) non{ olriuer:'ld'i:trl"l:dfi r oo.u
rriu nd'ru dru ruohiso r'inao
' o1n1r Hyponatremia 6o urnejld'orrfiilnr:riulqrduil (Na) oonnrrflanrrsq
rirlri' trta rir virl#rfioornr:risrufi:r*c lilufinnq ncoSa
' a1n't? Hyperglycemia 6a fitrel-u1i1orntuu6oos.: [nsrfionrrrd'odusfiu
'u ql
' o'tn1: Hypercalcemia 6a rirtrdfiunnrduru (Ca) atrfiuornnr:rfirunr:oofirunfi'u
o-.rriunr:roorrar:fifi ca arq r?iu tussiln rata pl-nltrurfluoiuq
' a1n'tr Hyperuricemia 6o fi:Jirurruto'cn:oqinfl.:a'rnn'trlfirunr:oodruna-urolsqiql
n:oEJ3fld proximal tubute{'
o a'tn'lr Hypertipidemia 6a yirlvifi Chotesterot arduqJ
eilriu qio.:iu tj:smr u n #r s ril:r; uo n rd u il ilr n uns uooTil ril ue.r ntrid ft ri.,o u,
v9
ra 37 stou ga 3 n.I. o. uae f .
A,
ar:frilrunr:n:otfi Glomerulus tilusr:suror6n rriu rnfioui uGsJ nolon uncn:ooyfiIu uqiqlg
4r
fllrrl+'ro [14t-uosr.ituoanrurhitoi rriu T:J:6u rnsrfrordao d'.:#uorhjyruT:.ndulurirrdoo
'[n rfr s s,r 6{ o lt'l#intua ?1 EJ ;
55. rilas ?Yrs1r[1asr{ t 184 etr#nirrnr;la rfierru
VvrvsACtAardsd.AaA
so 38 oou ?to g eir0nr,l rfl:rcinfr%rilunr:ilouor,rdrou eieufrratrilunr:torrouduod
lY rr
[?116{T1f n1s
. 4 ia % Er _. a A , , j p ,,
Vaccine oa ar:fffisru:rGtilu antigen (antigen 6a Rrrr:Jnn:Jnorufirtireiirtnrsu#?R-trur:nt:J
v ^v
u A
n:r{u:;uunffe'iln"ulfinirr antibody ruroiooiru'loi'1 rijodo vaccine rrir6idrrnrs 6ltiln:;d'u:suuqg'sc
4fi{run-utfiefr.: antibody rurqiad'ru riJunr:nir'r4fid'run-uuuuriorar (active immunization){q-{q
Serum
o ! a i. l.qsa d - iq I a
o0 ulrnooyrlt'ttO''rfl.rT1lyt'l[14tfl00[[1{El?o0nnOilud? q{Lu serum r.[o:ij antibody
te - A
ncnrsoEioTrs oruunr:do serum uri{ilru 6rrilunr:lfi antibody Touo:.ouilunr:afr.:nfid'rurYuuuuiururqql-qlq
(passive immunization)
9Y 9'/
?to 39 aou ?ro
A
riloeir pH
nlTt-u H* oanl:J
s nrrrJo'u co, zoor6lorrfindt
soordaonoasuaoo'irrfiaofirrrrrurflun:oao 6.rsio.:finr:nonarrurflun:on.: Iou
ornnr:ilr ulo urnsnr:riurir sJ nrriloiu Co, r ar rfi ood'a.rnoar (Co, rilun:o)
ttl I
?to 40 srou sa 1 4
lsurlud' riluar:fiufiaruuhriluer-rfuf.:routryflun'r:ilrulolffirrurronr:rirunoo
Ad-AiUy-Ul,ldAaos,oYt
6tfrno:au o.:uuriiotoi'iutssn'[ud'6rrfioroilrsnr:nruloruuu'[ril"i'aonfiuouryirriu riu6oufio'lsirilyl'rg
riu ctycotysis riurdsr toi'nn-.:muornRlTfln.rrJ gtucose rftu.i z Rtp
-& i,oolnrnr:nn'ts maltose fi:J:snaueYru glucose z Trurnqn 6.:osloi'nffrr'tilaanil1 = 4 ATp
lvt
la 41 oau go 1 n. uac s.
nr:uuant:JdrurTrrytilun:su?unlrrn ri oio.:firurirurrrnsfifirrflund'u rfiatd'rfionr:urnri'lsi
i - - Ae, utea
ffi o't n lil 0 { a1 R n'] 6trd1 t J1 :n u?,t T ru1 1.[q ? n nl { yl [u 1.[1J 0.1 Lil a ? tci 6i
nr:unnt:lduufl"rry'lri'irriluoi'o.rtdrfiorfioouo.: r:iu r,{orrir '[ao:r rrarurGu ord'EJnr:uili
-,_---d---q- ---y4 4 o o , - cAe etea q
" a a u,v , e
nirutEonSon{rffur.:uosfiufiufiui1to cirusqifrd'orlfrdoqluiirrdu{oon6raut:Jeiletruoir.:1riu
oan8rouor4n6'uloudTruInnfindroroos'lri'loiodruufiordoouuorfitei rriu '[#r6ou6u qls
.y9
la 42 aou ?ro 2 ?t. uae o.
ttqGnmruuuuiu4finddorfro.: nio#rytlertu'riu ocGililuoEjr.:Toqroiulu#n{n'ln arthropod rriu
Ittr.: trtt rilueiu'[:J To lnqGn:ru uuudrr]0.:ld'rcuu:J:ysrnfi roSry6lunr:urao: oons o{nqGn::ru
dorfu tu Trl:6asi drfitrjfi:cuu:J:sarm uflsr4%a%a-?uuu fi:vuu:J:sarilEr-.:riluuuujrr lA ul,l r a a An-
0.: u: ttj fl'] tJlTn [nqilqonTTil lluuu to
'[ a rfr H N 6[ a t+'L#in'[u a tl r,r i
56. lilnEJ imEJ'lrf'lagr{ t 185 eir rln irr nr ;'[n rfi sr E r
orientation nrurlfi.: #o{octtmo.:r'{qGntrruorouauoreio:Joo'unruuonoshlrililrcmilrfionr:rirr,:6lr
I @ t v v e :'& a ct , j er a
[oun1:?1:gl?0u1'1fl000n0{nuflR'l1r{t[?o40il o:u1{1r{q${nTTtJtt:lu orientation 6.:tijunr:qouauo.:oiod.:tir[oufr
e,_-_-_-_.-::_.C_- 4 7, t oX . e u r j Uw <, ^ C
YlflYl1{RlJfiusn:Jfl.rt:"r lgu iltflouusr1un:rsuflnil t:Jnrilnnur0.JrnflTo0n-[N riluy{qOnr:iltfronr:nrotfi1: nt:
!-'---,--.-7,qy y & d dt ^ d A - J ,q - j
?iiln1?1UU'lt14iln{4.0fl'lnnUt[fl.:o'lYl9lU tljltilqAn:Tilty'lAilnUtnU{€lStTYl0UIUTSOUSi't
conditioning 6a nr:fiuuf,uuufirtou'[t olnt{n.0"run1:finr*rror Pavtov d.:6'orilu ctassicatI
conditioning rilunr:d#n{loiirnr:nr;{'uornR.:rir z rfiefiil1#ilylTufri'u uiu yroaottrdornr:afi rfioaritrfiuq q ----d''-----
3 U & { i q. -e-q !, u I U , .i j , a d o q g - 3
0'114'lr 1.{1n'lu tun olnuuflun:lo'] + 1140'1fi1: YI1t14fll*flli',td'tu tiln aoil'tfluntco,:odrtt6gr flyt'ttfaut$rnru
U !l eZ A' uX + d , 4 U,oqe s 3 rl -& a j. c, j vAa, C u
[un [o ?1.16] Ylnauilu1l.{n1:flunrs9r.10u1{Lou? tilynt14flil1jli']n1u !un o{il1.{[au{nr;6,ltlluR.:rf'rfrtIjut]ou'[n
(conditioned stimulus)'jrfrr'loiEuufiurn:s6.]fioc'ld'fiuorur: airuorur:riluRrrirrurT 6rriluR.:rirfifihifiou'[s
(unconditioned stimutus)6noTrodr,:nd.:60 nufiuurunrrfiondtfdfidirrnd'rsf,.:dt'trififi:c oYrradtfiuf,r6rnnS{
&, , u,a o ta ZA^
t{{ a 0 u qt 0il1nu ttJnill1il n{gilolluon tn uil:yt toil tn unu tluau
tt/ u
%a 44 grou ga 2 a. ud& 0.
rio n. uns s. fio ldo{orntdofinr:n:sd'ursnii':Jrcfl'rvr oyoi'0.:nrsei'utri'fi.onrrruu:rritad.r 6.rosqq
virlrfrrfion:vua:J:varvr'loi rnsudan:sqiuu:.:duflririrlri'turqro{nryrrflilrsE-ryrur{du orur5eso.:
reu'i
nrsrrfl:Jrsd'rvrffhirfirud'ru rflu'l:Jnril n0 At or None rute
uqisr LHqfr virtri'r:riuer?'rruf6noir.: .1 1A'[* rvirniuq(u t il u u vl r-r y Ty u r vi't .: Ht o fl ?'l el n :v fuT 0 .r n 1 T
vAo5-Aa,6,ga
n rv o 1{ 6tr.1
tl 0 0 u yt tJ N fl Et 0 o ?'t tJ [T? I 0.1 n :c t[d:J ty gt m uu 6 oq
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1
1.0
H
1
He
2
2
6.9
Li
J
9.0
Be
4
10.8
B
5
12.0
C
6
14.0
N
7
16.0
o
8
19.0
F
9
20.2
Ne
10
J
23.0
Na
ll
24.3
4s
t2
27.0
AI
I3
28.1
Si
t4
31.0
B
15
32.1
$
t6
35.5
CI
t7
39.9
Ar
18
4
39.1
K
t9
40. I
Ca
20
45.0
Sc
2t
47.9
Ti
22
s0.9
V
23
52.0
Cr
24
54.9
Mn
25
55.8
Fe
26
58.9
Co
27
58.7
Ni
28
63.s
Cu
29
65.4
Zn
30
69.7
Ga
31
72.6
Ge
32
74.9
As
JJ
79.0
Se
34
79.9
Br
35
83.8
Kr
36
5
85.5
Rb
37
87.6
Sr
38
88.9
Y
39
91.2
Zr
40
92.9
Nb
4l
95.9
Mo
42
(ee)
Tc
43
t0t.l
Ru
44
102.9
Rh
45
106.4
Pd
46
r07.9
As
47
112.4
Cd
48
114.8
In
49
118.7
Sn
50
121.8
Sb
51
127.6
Te
52
126.9
I53
131 .3
Xe
54
6
132.9
Cs
55
137.3
Ba
56
138.9
La
57
178.5
Hf
72
181.0
Ta
IJ
183.9
w
74
186.2
Re
75
r90.2
Os
76
r92.2
Ir
77
195.1
Pt
78
197.0
Au
79
200.6
Hg
80
204.4
Ti
81
207.2
Pb
82
209.0
Bi
83
(210)
Po
84
(210)
At
85
(222)
Rn
86
7
(223)
Fr
87
(226)
Ra
88
(227)
Ac
89
(261)
Rf
r04
(262)
Db
l0s
(263)
Ss
106
(262)
Bh
107
(26s)
Hs
108
(266)
Mt
109
41T10fi1qt
1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A
n1iluoa'la0a'l
nmruritrfio.:arnrr:rlfirudr.:To.:Tnn (s) = 10 rrun:fiurfi'
hrruuri'tornrrrurdauto.tyr:.:nnrusr-u = 12ls; lvn'
Trurruuci'rornrrrurdaurarmr{nnernn?,0 = 1zla; un'
ei,n,:sr-':'[r,{flrafior (K) = 9.0 X 10e fird'u 1rruor:;'l lnrnor:ri;'
ilxoruagru 1e; = 1.6 x 1o-tn srno*ri
d'or:rr5ruar 1c; = 3.0 X 108 grqr:sioiu.rfi
rirn.rer-rlr#rri'1ny = 6.6 x 10-to on- iurfi
t Erfino:auhnd' = L6 x 1o-" on
rurnto.:T:J:mou = 1.0073 u
rutnto.:firo:ou = 1.0087 u
rurnso.:6tfinasau (*") = 0.0005 u = 9.0 x 10-tt fi]nniru
-..Y----.A4 ! 9' a€ T d
v{n.:.11uYltYtulttyl']nuil?d 1u = 930 tunsardino:oulrno
sin 53o= 415 cos 53o= 3/5 sin 30o = cos 600 = 112
J, = 1.41n = 3.14 'lE'= 9.9
ln rfr Er N 6r a %'[#intua?1 N ;
cos 3oo=sin 600 =
% ,f-
ln2= 0.693 d,
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