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Before OTD EDU - Introduction
- 1. <Insert Picture Here>
1. Introduction – OTD 사젂 백그라운드
for Oracle ACS & Partner
이범 beom.lee@oracle.com
Oracle Fusion Middleware
- 2. Backgrounds knowledge For OTD
This presentation
• Concept 측면의 기본 백그라운드
• Network
• Load Balancer
• Proxy Server
• HTTP Caching / Compression
Demo Video / Labs
• Support 측면의 기본 백그라운드
• Exalogic Environments
• Installing to ZFS NAS Storage included in Exalogic
• HA – keepalived(Linux) , VRRP(Solaris)
• InfiniBand Partition
• OraInventory
• Oracle Installer – X11(GUI), Silent install(Non GUI)
(OTD 11.1.1.7 / WLS 12.1.2 : Oracle Installer 채택)
• Default OraInventory : Account’s Home Directory
- 3. Agenda
• Network?
• 백업, 참고 슬라이드
• Load Balancer?
• Load Balancer 기본 동작 과정
• Load Balancer Summary
• Proxy Server
• HTTP Caching
• Oracle Web Tier Solutions
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 5. Network Layer?
•
•
•
•
L : OSI 7 Layer의 약자
L2 Switch : Mac 주소 기반
L4 Switch : TCP 포트 기반
…
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
/
/
숫자 : OSI 7 Layer의 해당 계층 의미
L3 Switch : IP 주소 기반
- 6. Network Layer?
• 참고 URL : http://en.wikipedia.org
• Path MTU로 TCP/IP Packet 크기 결정되며
하나의 Data가 TCP Packet 보다 크면
Fragmentation 발생하여 여러 개의
TCP Packet으로 보냄
Data
TCP
Header
IP
Header
Frame
Header
TCP or UDP
Data
IP Payload
Data
Frame
Data
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Frame
Tailer
- 7. OSI 7 Layer – Protocol Mapping
Web Browser, TCP/IP Programs
L4
Router
Bridges
Repeater
L7, Firewall
Firewall
Switch
Switch
Cables
출처 : http://olooi.tistory.com/entry/OSI-7계층
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 9. OSI 7 Layer
백업,참고 자료 1/2
- Protocol Map
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 10. OSI 7 Layer
백업,참고 자료 2/2
- Protocol Map
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
출처 : protocols.com
- 11. 참고 : TCP/IP/Ethernet Header
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_header
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4_header#Header
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP_Header
- 13. Load Balancer architecture 1/2
Server
Server
example.com
x.x.x.11
example.com
x.x.x.11
솔루션 : Scale-up, 고비용 및 장애?
x.x.x.11
Server
OR
x.x.x.12
Server
DNS
example.com x.x.x.11
example.com x.x.x.12
솔루션 : DNS를 이용한 Scale-out
Smart DNS로 죽은 Server를 제거할 수 있지만
브라우저의 DNS caching 등으로 장애 대처 어려움
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Server
example.com
x.x.x.11
LB
Server
Original Servers
Health Check
Server
솔루션 : Load Balancer을 이용한 Scale-out
일반적인 로드밸런싱 아키텍처
- 14. Load Balancer architecture 2/2
Server
x.x.x.12
LB
LB
OR
Master
LB
Server
Standby
Server
Server
DNS
example.com x.x.x.11
example.com x.x.x.12
x.x.x.11
LB
LB
Master
LB
Server
Standby
Server
솔루션 : DNS와 Load Balancer을 이용한 Scale-out
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 15. Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 1/3
• Load Balancer를 통한 Scale-out
• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서
Load Balancer 이중화 구성
example.com
x.x.x.11 (VIP)
LB
Server
Active
Server
LB
Standby
Original Servers
Health Check
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Server
- 16. Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 2/3
• Load Balancer를 통한 Scale-out
• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서
Load Balancer 이중화 구성
• 비즈니스 시스템 중요도에 따라서
Global Service Load Balancer 이중화 구성
Active
Server
Standby
Original Servers
Health Check
GSLB
Standby
LB
Original Servers
Health Check
LB
GSLB
Active
Server
LB
Server
Server
Active
Server
example.com
x.x.x.11 (VIP)
LB
Standby
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Server
- 17. Enterprise Load Balancer architecture 3/3
• Web Tier와 Business Tier에 대한 각각의 Load Balancer를 통한 Scale-out
• Web Tier에 대한 Load Balancer는 L4/L7 장비 또는 Software Load Balancer로 구성
• Business Tier에 대한 Load Balancer는 각각의 미들웨어 제품의 연동 Module로 구성
example.com
x.x.x.11 (VIP)
Web Tier
Web Servers
TCP
Standby
Original Servers
Health Check
TCP
Web
Server
Web
Server
HTTP
HTTP
Original Servers
Health Check
Active
Biz/Core
Server
Biz/Core
Server
Biz/Core
Server
L4, L7
Apache
Plugin Module
WebLogic
NetScaler
iPlanet
Plugin Module
jBoss
OTD, HAProxy
OHS
Plugin Module
Tomcat
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Middleware Clustering
Web
Server
LB
LB
Business Tier
Middleware
- 19. L4 Packet 처리 과정
Decapsulation
Encapsulation
Decapsulation
Encapsulation
L4 Switch
Encapsulation
L3
H H H H H H Data
T
L2
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
T
T
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Data
Data
L2
T
L1
L1
H H H H HH Data
H
Data
L3
H
H
H
H
T
T
Data
H H H H HH
H H H H H Data
H
H H H H HH
L4
Data
H H H HH
H H HH Data
Data
L4
L5
L4 처리 : NAT or DSR
H HHH
H H H Data
L6
L5
L6
Data
H HH
HH Data
L7
L7
Decapsulation
H Data
Target
Target
Data
Data
HH
Data
H
Source
- 20. L7 Packet 처리 과정
Decapsulation
Encapsulation
Decapsulation
Encapsulation
Source
L7 Switch
Data
Target
Target
Data
Data
L4 처리 : NAT or DSR
L7 처리 : URL, Content, Caching
Encapsulation
H H H H H Data
L3
H H H H H H Data
T
L2
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Data
Data
H
H
H
H
H
T
T
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Data
Data
L2
T
L1
L1
H H H H HH Data
H
Data
L3
H
H
H
H
Data
L4
Data
T
T
Data
H H H H HH
L4
Data
Data
L5
H
H H H H HH
H H HH Data
L6
H
Data
H H H HH
L5
L7
H
H HHH
H H H Data
Data
H HH
L6
Data
HH
HH Data
H
H
L7
Decapsulation
H Data
- 21. OTD 처리 과정 – Socket Direct Protocol 사용 시
Encapsulation
Decapsulation
TCP/IP Network
Source
OTD
Data
H Data
Encapsulation
InfiniBand Network
L7
HH Data
L6
H H H Data
L5
H H HH Data
L4
H H H H H Data
L3
H H H H H H Data
T
L2
H
H
Data
H
H
H
Data
H
H
H
H
Data
H
H
H
H
H
Data
H
H
H
H
H
Data
L1
H H H H HH Data
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
Data
H
H
Data
Data
T
Zero Buffer Copy
Kernel Bypass
Remote Direct Memory Access
T
Target
Target
- 22. 참고 슬라이드 – Socket Direct Protocol 사용 시
• InfiniBand 젂용 프로토콜인 SDP(Socket Direct Protocol)을 통신 시
RDMA(Remote Direct Memory Access) 기술로 Kernel의 개입 없이 통신하여
Network I/O에 성능 극대화
Standard Hardware I/O
Application
Application
Application Buffer
Exabus
Application Buffer
Copy
Application
Application
TCP IP Transport
Kernel
20% Buffer Copies
40% Transport Processing
40 % Kernel Context Switches
Zero Buffer Copy
Direct Memory Access
Kernel Bypass
4X Throughput, 6X Lower Latency
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 24. Load Balancer 선택?
• L4/L7 선택 기죾
• L4 : Performance
/
L7 : Flexibility
• Hardware/Software 기반 로드밸런서 선택 기죾
• Hardware : Performance
/
Software : Agility , Flexibility
• 성능 차이 이유
• 로드밸런서에서 각 네트워크 계층의 프로토콜을 해석해야 하는 횟수 차이
• 통상 L7을 사용 시, URL or Content 기반 Balancing 및 Caching 등으로 추가 로직 수행
• Software 로드밸런서 필요성 / 중요성
• Cloud 환경에서의 빠른 로드밸런서 구성 및
자동 Scale-out 기능 연동
• Open Source HAProxy+KeepAlived
• 올레 유클라우드 비즈의 로드밸런서
• 아마존의 ELB(Elastic Load Balancer)
• UCLOUD/AWS에서의 Auto Scaling 예시
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 26. Proxy Server
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server
• 용도
• 보앆
• 접속 사이트 로깅 및 분석
• 서비스의 접귺 정책 적용 (사이트 차단)
• 악의적인 용도(Open Proxy)로 IP 추적을
피하기 위함
• 성능
• 해외 사이트 접속 속도
• Web Server 앞쪽 Cache 용도
• Examples
• Varnish
• Apache http components
• So on
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 27. Types of Proxy
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proxy_server
Open
Proxy
Forward
Proxy
Reverse
Proxy
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 29. Internet History Highlight
• History(1990~ )
• Extreme Web Population
• Modem Speed-up
• Internet Service Open in Korea at 1994
• PPP, Co-LAN, 28800 bps modem ….
• HTTP/1.0 – RFC 1945 at 1996
• HTTP/1.1 – RFC 2616 at 1999
• Netscape – Mozilla Source Open
• …
•
• Compression / Caching technology
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 30. Cache Types
User Cache – Browser
Cache
example.com
Cache
Cache
Shared Cache – Proxy
Cache
Cache
Open
Proxy
Cache
Cache
Cache
Cache
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
example.com
- 32. HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 1/2
Reverse
Backend
Proxy Cache
1st Visit…
GET /main
Host: example.com
GET /main
Host: example.com
200 : OK
200 : OK
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
After 30 seconds
GET /main
Host: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60,age=30
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 33. HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 2-1/2
Reverse
Backend
Proxy Cache
Teacher Visit….
GET /main
Host: example.com
GET /main
Host: example.com
200 : OK
200 : OK
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
ETag "TagID1234"
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
ETag "TagID1234"
Student1 Visit After 30 seconds
GET /main
Host: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
ETag "TagID1234", Age=30
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 34. HTTP/1.1 Cache Mechanism Samples 2-2/2
Reverse
Backend
Proxy Cache
Student2 Visit After 60 seconds
GET /main
Host: example.com
200 : OK
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
ETag TagID1234
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
GET /main
Host: example.com
If-None-Match:TagID1234
304 : Not Modified
Cache-Control:
public,max-age=60
- 35. Oracle Web Tier Solutions
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 37. Strategic Web Tier
• Oracle Traffic Director가 젂략적인 Proxy Server로 포지션
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
- 38. Apache(OHS) vs iPlanet vs OTD
Apache / OHS
iPlanet
OTD
Easy
Normal
Normal
Very Easy
Protocols
HTTP
HTTP
HTTP
TCP (limited)
Exalogic
Optimization
X
X
O
Static Web
Pages
O
O
X
Virtual Host
O
O
O
WebLogic
Plug-in
별도 구성 (ver 1.1) –
Compression
Caching
mod_wl_20/22
OR 포함 - mod_wl_ohs
별도 구성 (ver 1.1)
libproxy
별도 구성
포함 – parameters
별도 구성
포함 – parameters
mod_deflate
mod_cache
Oracle doesn’t support it.
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.
http-compression
set-cache-control
포함
포함
포함
- 39. OTD Deployment Architecture
Active-Active
LB
Active
OTD
WebLogic
Server 1-1
LB
OTD
WebLogic
Server 1-2
Standby
OTD
Web
Server 1-1
WebLogic
Server 2-1
OTD
Web
Server 1-2
WebLogic
Server 2-2
OTD
WebLogic
Server 5-1
OTD
WebLogic
Server 5-2
Active-Standby
Web
Server 3-1
Web
Server 3-2
WebLogic
Server 4-1
WebLogic
Server 4-2
SDP
Possible
Soon
Active-Standby
Copyright © Oracle Corporation, 2014. All rights reserved.