: :::ry \\'ILLI.{\t \\'ORDS\\'OR'f l{ [I tlrrrrrie red lonelt' as tr cloudl 705 -r'dcar-a ra\\' countrv girl, sr-rch as vou be, ,,nnot quite e\pect that. \bu ain't ruined," said she. 1866 'e read and u'rite about dramatic poems, \1'e can usefulll'bring to bear -restions se do in reading drama. (See "Questions to Ask \\/hen Reading 'Drama: Reading, Responding, \\/riting"') But rvhen it comes to short .= Tgr Rutrro Nlrro, questions about sets, staging, and even plot rvill . :nuch less relevant than those related to character and conflict, as u'ell as ::e. language, s1'mbol, and theme. In Hardl"s poem, for erample, hos'are ': t\r'o speakers characterized b1' horu thel' speak, as sell as rt'ltrtf thel'sa1? . : r'ierv of them, and especialll' ofl 'llelia, "the ruined maid," affected bv the ::ern mentioned earlier, shich ensures (among other things) that she gets ".ei Hon'might this pattern, along s'ith rh1'thm and rhvme, also add irony -:ri listorical reasons, lvric poems probablv best fulfrll 1'our expectations ' ,etr1, should be like. \'et l1'ric poetr)' has been and still is defined in -.r's. The s'ord /1'ric derives from the ancient Greeks, for s'hom it desig- - '.ort poem chanted or sung bv a single singer to the accompaniment of -. j instrument called a l1're (hence, the u'ord l1'ric and the fact that rr'e - use the s'ord 11 rics to denote the s'ords of an1'song). Scholars believe --rrliest "ll,rics" in the Greek sense \lere Iikell'associated s'ith religious . and feelings, especialll' those related to celebration. praise, and -. Ever since, the l1'ric has been associated rvith brevitl', rnusicalitr', a -.rker, and the expression of intense feeling. Not surprisingll', at least a -.ric kinds of l1'ric, including the ode and the elegl', originated in the orld. ' ::e centuries, the l1'ric's boundaries have erpanded and become less clear. -: are intended to be sung at all, much less to a l1're. But el'ervone agrees :l'elv short poems that focus primarill'on the feelings, impressions, and .-that is, on the subjective, inx'ard e:iperience-of a single first-person .,re l1'rics. are t\I'o examples verl' different from each other in subject matter .. I'et rvith these. as s'ith all lvrics, our initial questions in both reading -::rg rvill likell'focus on each speaker's situation and inu'ard experience of :s each speaker experiencing, feeling, and thinking, and hou-exacth'does :'r make that state of rnood and mind at once vivid and reler-ant to usi [l wandered lonely as a cloud] I sarrdered lonelv as a cloud That floats on irigh o'er vales and hills, \\'hcn all at ouce I sau' a ct'orrci, -\ lrost, of golden daffodils; POEl'RYr IIEADING. RTSPO\DI\(;. \\'Rll l\G ; Bcside the lake, ber-reath the trees. Fh.rttcring and dancing in the brecze. Continuous as the stars that shir-re And trrinkle or-r the milkl'sar'. Tho, stretched in nevcr-ending line ro r\lor.rg tlre margin of a l>a1': -lL'n thousancl sau' I at a glance, Tossir.rg thcir ...

1. : :::ry
'ILLI.{t 'ORDS'OR'f l{ [I tlrrrrrie red lonelt' as tr cloudl
705
-r'dcar-a ra' countrv girl, sr-rch as vou be,
,,nnot quite epect that. bu ain't ruined," said she.
1866
'e read and u'rite about dramatic poems, 1'e can usefulll'bring
to bear
-restions se do in reading drama. (See "Questions to Ask /hen
Reading
'Drama: Reading, Responding, /riting"') But rvhen it comes to
short
.= Tgr Rutrro Nlrro, questions about sets, staging, and even plot
rvill
. :nuch less relevant than those related to character and conflict,
as u'ell as
::e. language, s1'mbol, and theme. In Hardl"s poem, for
erample, hos'are
': tr'o speakers characterized b1' horu thel' speak, as sell as
rt'ltrtf thel'sa1?
. : r'ierv of them, and especialll' ofl 'llelia, "the ruined maid,"
affected bv the
::ern mentioned earlier, shich ensures (among other things) that
she gets
".ei Hon'might this pattern, along s'ith rh1'thm and rhvme, also
add irony
-:ri

2. listorical reasons, lvric poems probablv best fulfrll 1'our
expectations
' ,etr1, should be like. 'et l1'ric poetr)' has been and still is
defined in
-.r's. The s'ord /1'ric derives from the ancient Greeks, for s'hom
it desig-
- '.ort poem chanted or sung bv a single singer to the
accompaniment of
-.
j instrument called a l1're (hence, the u'ord l1'ric and the fact
that rr'e
- use the s'ord 11 rics to denote the s'ords of an1'song). Scholars
believe
--rrliest "ll,rics" in the Greek sense lere Iikell'associated s'ith
religious
. and feelings, especialll' those related to celebration. praise,
and
-. Ever since, the l1'ric has been associated rvith brevitl',
rnusicalitr', a
-.rker, and the expression of intense feeling. Not surprisingll', at
least a
-.ric kinds of l1'ric, including the ode and the elegl', originated
in the
orld.
' ::e centuries, the l1'ric's boundaries have erpanded and become
less clear.
-: are intended to be sung at all, much less to a l1're. But
el'ervone agrees
:l'elv short poems that focus primarill'on the feelings,

3. impressions, and
.-that is, on the subjective, inx'ard e:iperience-of a single first-
person
.,re l1'rics.
are tI'o examples verl' different from each other in subject
matter
.. I'et rvith these. as s'ith all lvrics, our initial questions in both
reading
-::rg rvill likell'focus on each speaker's situation and inu'ard
experience of
:s each speaker experiencing, feeling, and thinking, and hou-
exacth'does
:'r make that state of rnood and mind at once vivid and reler-ant
to usi
[l wandered lonely as a cloud]
I sarrdered lonelv as a cloud
That floats on irigh o'er vales and hills,
'hcn all at ouce I sau' a ct'orrci,
- lrost, of golden daffodils;
POEl'RYr IIEADING. RTSPODI(;. 'Rll lG
; Bcside the lake, ber-reath the trees.
Fh.rttcring and dancing in the brecze.
Continuous as the stars that shir-re
And trrinkle or-r the milkl'sar'.
Tho, stretched in nevcr-ending line
ro rlor.rg tlre margin of a l>a1':
-lL'n

4. thousancl sau' I at a glance,
Tossir.rg thcir heads in sprightly, dance.
The u ales beside tl-rem dar.rcedl but thcr'
Out-did the sparkling u'ar es in glee:
it . poet coulcl not but bc gar',
In such a.jocund compan':
I gazed-and gazed-but little thought
ihat uealth the shou' to me had brought:
For oft, shen on mv couch I Iic
:o In vacant or in pensive rn<lod,
Thet'flash upon that inrt'ard evc
/hich is the bliss of solitude:
And then mv heart u ith pleasurc fills,
Ancl dances u'ith the daltbdils.
I807
. According to the speaker, s'hat is "the bliss of solitude" (line
22)? :.,
hou does "solitude" become less "lonelr"'for him (line 1)?
. /hat about the relationship betu'een human beings and nature
mil-:
implied b1'the speaker's description ofhis particular experience?
Poem
Lana'l'urnei has collapscdl
I uas trotting along and sudclcnlv
it started raining and snon'ing
and vou said it rras hailing

5. ; but hailing hits 1'ou on the head
hard so it u'as reallv snorling and
rainir-rg and I uas in such a hurrt'
to mcct vou but the traffic
1as acting eacth, like the sl$,
ro and suddenlv I sce a headline
LANA TURNER FIAS COLLTPSED!
therc is no sno'in Hollt,nood
there is no rain in Calilornia
I havc been to lots of parties
r; and acted pclf'ect11' disgraceful
7. Anrerican actrcss (1921-95); in I958,'furner's lorer $as
stabbed to clcath b1 her daughter.
detcrmined to hare acted in self-defense.
'll,FRED O-E Disrrblerl ;tl
.ren she thc' rrord O/ra.t has said,
:J rnan br'ltrrl sltpreure has tnacle,
:.,n all that's kind is laid asicle,
:cl nothing left but stater and pride.
-'rce as all eastelll pliuce he gror.s.
:.1 all his innate ligor shorrs:
'.c,n but to look. to laugh. or speak,
:il the nuptial cor-rtract brcak.
c mutes, slre signs alone tnust malie.
'.cl neler anr' ft'eedorn takc.
-:r still be gor-erned bl a nod.
.:cl fear her husband as hel gocl,

6. .in still lnust sel'-e. hirn still ober,
.":cl nothit-rg act, and nothing sa..
-:t rlhat l'rer haughtv lold thinlis fit,
.i.r<1.
rlith tl're pou'er. has all the u it.
.'ren shun, ol.rl shun that u rctched state'
.rd all the flan'ning flatteret's hate.
,lue lourselves, aud men despise:
,Lr must be ploud. if lou'll bc u ise.
r;03
'hat might the speaker mean ryhen she sa1's a husband "ryith
tfie pou'er,
,ras all the $.it" (line 20)i Ho$'might that statemerlt rnultipll the
meanings
,rf the poem's last lirre."
)isabted
. ic sat itr a rtheeled chair'. rlaiting lbr daLk,
rind sl'rir eled in his gl-rastlv suit <lf grer'.
-cgless. sen'n short at elbou'. Througl: tl.re
parli
'.irices
of bovs rang saddening lilie a hvrnn'
'.irices of plar and pleasule after dar'.
--ill gathering sleep lrad tnotl'rc'r'ed thern h'om hitn'
bout this titne Tou.r.r used to srliug so gat
"-hen

7. glorr-lamps budded in the light blue trees.
.nd girls glanced lotelier as the air greu' dirn.-
-n the old tirnes, befole he threu. auar'his knees.
os. hc u ill ner.et'fbel again l.ron slirn
Clills'uaists are, or horl rrar-tl their subtle hands:
'll ol thern toucl.r hirr-r like sor.ne quec'r disease.
There uas an artist sillv fbr his facc.
For it u as -ounger than his r.outh, last r car'
orr'. he is old: his back lr ill ner-et'Itrace:
rsition.
7-)2 EXPLORING GENDER: Arr* ALBUII
He's lost his coior verv far lrom he ' '
Pourecl it du*" sh"]l-'holes tili the vetns
ran dr''
l"i i*f f his lifetime lapsed in the hot race'
,, ;;; i""i ur p"tpte spuited from his thigh'
One time he liked a blood-smear-dorvn
his leg'
After the matches'2 carried shou-lder-high'
ii or, "f,"'
f"o'U'ir' t'hen he'd drunk a peg'r
H. il,o,gt" h":J bttt"' ioil -H",
tl olders r'hr"

8. ,, io.r,"o,,J had said he'd look a god in kilts'-
That's ,,'[1'; and ma1'be' too' to Please
his ileg:
Ave, that n'as it' t9!lu.1tt the giddl',jilts
He asked to join' He didn't hare to beg;
i*iti"g the)'n'rote his lie: aged nineteen Years'
so Germans he scarcelt' thought ofl
all their guilt'-"
i;a Austria's, did n;t *ot= hit' And no fears
Of Fear tu*t -'"'' He thought of jcrveled hilts
For daggers in ptaid socLs: of stnat't salutesl
At d ca'i of arms: and ieave; and pav arrears;
r; Esurif de corps" and hints tbr voung recruits'" iX;';;;'; ni't''"t
a*rted oui rr ith drums a'd cheers'
+o Norv, he rvill spend a feiv sick,vears
jn In-stitutes'
"
;;J;; *'hat tirings the rules consider u'ise'
A.,d tak" trhatcr'ei pitv thev mar dole'
Tonight he noticed hos'the 'omens eves
Passed from him to the strong men-that
t'ere n'hole'
s Hor" cold and late it is! rhv don't thev come-'

9. ffi prini", into bed? Whv dont thel'come? u,t7
' Horv might you respond differentlv,to
this Po-em if the
":''tt':::i;1::|;-X
Some cheered him home, but not.as cros'ds
cheer Goal' j
O'lt'a solemn -u'""t"'n-tlJt'gi""i"'*r*i" i
Tttanketl hirn; and then inquired about
hls sour'
I
Holv mrgnt you rtsPu.u
ilil;ii;
".,"rri,
of hi. life in the 61ds1 in 1r i_..*e'i
the speaker? if the poem des:rt?eo!:1e:::11:X::
;i'";il;;ai ir,t'" poem lacked its last t*o lines:
Exchanging Hats
UnfunnY uncles lvho insist
in tr-ving on a ladlls hu!'.. ^.-oh.
"i"t,
if the joke falls fl"t'
$-e share vour slight transYesi {tc t'ist
; in sPite of our embarrassment'

10. Cort.,m" and custom are comPlex'
2. Soccer games. 3' A drink' usuall;- brandl
and soda'
'i'l-re
he ad
inspires u
Anandrol
iu u'ith pape
keep Putt
u'ith exhi
the visrlrs
so that tL
r;
-the
tid
Such cap
Or vou u
itseif, an,
or sPort t
.rr _pel..eI
the uatul
,nd if tf
and cros
he tirink

11. :: Unfunnr
hat too t
tell us, c
stars ins
Aunt ert
-,, u'ith ave
rr hat slo
their lai
' The sp
line 5r
poem (
third-p
My F;
On his
Boiled ;
-Io
Piet'r
,ncl dr,
; Don'n t
Each d
,r : :orallr., "husbaI
856 cH. t5 | S'lBoL
/hile thou art Pouring fbrth thr soul abroad

12. In such an ecstas'!
Still uouldst thou sing, and I have ears in vain-
6{) To th1'high re<luiern become a sod'
/II
Thou uast not born tbr death, immortal Birdl
No hungrv generations tread thee dorvnl
The r oice i he-ar this passing night u as heard
ln ancient dars bv L'mperor and clou'n'
r,i Perhaps the selt-samc song that found a path- -itrio"gh
the sad heart of Ruth'; u'hen' sick for home'
She stood in tears amid the alien corn:
l'he same that ofttin-res hath
Charmed magic cascments, openingon the ['oam
;r) Of periloui seas. in f'aery lands fbrlorn'
i III
Forlornl the verv s'ord is like a bell
-[o toll -e ba"k from thee to m1'sole selfl
Adieu! the tar"rcv cannot cheat so uell
,s she is famed to do. deceiving elf'
Adieul aclieul th1 plaintive anthem f'ades
Past the neerr meadou's, over the still stream'
Up the hillsider and nou"tis buried deep

13. In the next Yalls1'glades:
/as it a r ision, or a naking dream?
Fled is that music:-Do I sake or sleep?
lav 1819
. Since birds obviously die, just as humans do, $hat might the
sp,eaker
*+,"i i" a""t"r"r, .,Tho, ,r.asr not born fbr death, immortal
Birdl" rli:re
iit", it, hou, according to the poem, is the bird "immortal" in a
rrs*
;;;i;; itru Ho" migit this help -vou begin to understand s'hat rhe
clmes to svmbolize in the Poem?
The Road Not Taken
Tiro roads diverged in a 1'ellos'uood'
And sorrv I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And lotlked dorvn one as ['ar as I could
; To rrhere it bent in the undergron'thl
Then took the other. as just as ['air,
And having perhaps the better claim'
Because it s'as grasst' and s'anted rrearl
5. iirtuous }Ioabite rr'idorv s ho. according to the old
Testament book of
Ruth' left her orr n c
u..o-pun1. h". *other-inla$.. Naomi, back to Naomi's natile land,
she
supported herself as :

14. FIO'.RI) EIERO''fhehcuum 8;7
l-- rs.[r irs lbr that thc passing thele
'.,-: .ol'r1 thcnl reallr al)out the silllle'
r -- both that tnornir.rg ecluallr lar.
' !.rvcs no steP had trodden blacL.
- I kept the first ttlr .rr-rothcr dar !
r, no'in!l hort rr lt leads tlu to a'.
: rlrted if I should crer comc back.
- - -,il be tc'lling this n'ith ir sigh
1. ':-ic'hL're ages ancl ages hc'nce:-
roircls dirergcd in .r rrood. and I-
. ,k the otte less traleled ltr'.
- ; that has macle all thc dil'tc'rencc'
t9 t6
. '. hat sort of choices might the fork in the road represent? In
these terms,
..hlt seetns most imporiant about the description of the roads?
'h1'and
-,,$ might it matter that the poem's {irmous last lines (about the
great_ "di[:-
,.r..,."" fline 201 it mtrde to take the road "less tra'eled b1"'
[line l9l) are
::rmed as something the speakc'r imagines sar.ing "$.ith a sigh"
at some point

15. : the distant future (line 16)?
:he
Vacuum
l'':. Irouse is so cluiet n(x'
- -. -ilcuum cleaner sullis in the cttt'ner closet'
-- l.rg limp as a stoitpecl lung. its mtluth
..:rnning into thc floor, marbe at rn1
' ,"cnl) litl'. mr dog-deadtoutl'r.
. Iir ed this u av krng enough.
ri.,: hr'n nrr old oman died l-rer soul
.', cnt. into that vacuutn cleaner. arrd I can't bc';ir
scc tl're bag sucll lile a bellr'. eating the dust
,,::r-l the noolen rnicc. ancl begin to horll
i,;urLlsc thcre is olcl lilth crerru.het'e
.:rc usecl to ct'aul, in the coruc'r and under the stair.
rrlo n()r horr lif'e is chcal'r as dirt,
!.nd still the hungn', attgtr' l'reart
i-rr.rgs on ancl h.xlls. bititrg at air.
l9i5
. hat does the Yacuunl come to s1'mbolizei Ho$ might the
poem plal' on
tlre variotts meanings of the lrord tactttuni.
NORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

16. PHYSICS DEPARTMENT
Physics 253 – Basic Mechanics Fall 2016
Lab #10
Bring to Lab your USB Flash Drive with the Excel Template
file from Lab WebPage
Lab Writeup Part #1 Due: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thu, Nov. 7/8/9/10,
2016
Part #2 Due: Mon/Tue/Wed/Thu, Nov.
14/15/16/17, 2016
Read Giancoli: Chapters 7,8,9 (Lecture Notes #9,10,11)
Collisions
Apparatus
An ideal track would be without friction, but friction can be
minimized with well
lubricated and aligned wheels on a cart. The track must also be
level to negate any

17. effects of gravity. There are two carts: a heavy cart of mass m
1
and length
1
and a
light cart of mass m
2
and length
2
. The carts use repulsive magnets to cause elastic
collisions, and the carts use velcro to cause inelastic collisions.
A t-shaped metal bracket, or fin, is attached to each cart which
will block a
photogate beam. Two photogates are positioned over the track
and can measure the time
t that a cart passes through the beam. The times can be read
from the Logger Pro
software when the photogates are attached to the computer. The
photogates record the
elapsed time between the time the rectangular fin blocks the
beam until it is no longer
blocked, but they do not record the direction of motion. The
experimenter must
determine the direction of motion.

18. Theory
Velocity is the time rate of change of position of an object. If
the time it takes to
travel a known distance is measured, then the velocity is
distance
v
elapsed time
The sign of the velocity depends on the direction of the object.
If it is moving in the
positive direction, the velocity is positive, and if it is moving in
the negative direction, the
velocity is negative. An object at rest has a velocity of 0.
Momentum, p , is the product of mass, m , and velocity, v .
Since velocity is a
vector and has direction, so does momentum. For two or more
interacting objects, the
total momentum is just the sum of the individual momenta. For

19. two masses (m
1
,m
2
)
and velocities (v
1
,v
2
) moving only in one dimension, the total momentum, P , is
1 2 1 1 2 2
(2)
If there are no forces acting on a set of objects other than
internal interactions
between them, the system is called an isolated system. In any
isolated system the total
momentum of a set of objects is constant. We say that the total
momentum in an isolated
system is conserved. During a collision the time is so short that
any external forces
present do not have much affect on the momentum of the
system. This allows us to

20. describe all collisions in this lab as occurring in an isolated
system and allows us to use
conservation of momentum. If the initial total momentum is iP
and the final total
momentum is fP , conservation of momentum is i fP
Objects in motion also possess kinetic energy. Kinetic energy,
K , is a scalar
quantity that is never negative. It also depends on the mass and
velocity according to
1
2
(3)
Like the total momentum, the total kinetic energy of a system is
just the sum of the
individual kinetic energies. For a system of two objects the
total kinetic energy is
1 1 2 2
1 1
2 2
(4)

21. In certain collisions between objects that only involve a
conservative force, such as an
ideal spring (magnetic spring), the initial total kinetic energy,
iK , equals the final total
kinetic energy, fK . This type of collision is called an elastic
collision.
Other collisions are called inelastic and involve some loss of
energy during the
collision. The final total kinetic energy is always less than the
initial total kinetic energy
of the system. A completely inelastic collision occurs when the
two objects collide and
stick together. This means that the two objects leave the
collision with identical
velocities:
f f f
1 2
. We can write Eq. (2) for a completely inelastic collision as
2 (5)

22. Data Collection
Bring the Excel Spreadsheet Template for this lab on your USB
flash drive
All green colored cells of the Template must be filled out and
you must calculate the
velocities in Step (2) before you leave the lab.
(1) Each cart should have a metal t-shaped bracket, or fin,
mounted on them. One cart
(the heavy cart) should have an additional magnetically attached
mass under the
rectangular fin. Measure and record (in the appropriate green
colored cells of your
Excel Spreadsheet Template) the total mass (
L
m (light cart) and
H
m (heavy cart))
of the two carts and their uncertainties. Also measure the
length of the rectangular
fin of each cart (
L
d and

23. H
d ). Adjust the distance between the sensors, D , of the
photogates to be half a meter or less (but not less than the total
length of the two
carts). Record these distances as well as their uncertainties in
your Excel
Spreadsheet, and also give them the symbolic names expressed
in the Template.
(2) Velocity of each cart: Open the Logger Pro software and
make certain that the
photogate sensors are interfaced. Make a trial run by pushing
the light cart so that it
passes through both photogates, but be sure to catch the cart
before it hits the end of
the track. Record the times from the computer—you should get
only 4 time data
points (make certain you understand why) for 1 pass through
both photogates. If you
get more than 4 time data points, make certain your photogates
are properly aligned
(they should be perpendicular to the track). Once you get 4
time data points, with
your 3 distances,
L
d , D , and Hd , calculate the two velocities:

24. (1) the velocity at the 1st photogate (calculate this in the Excel
green cell D11).
(2) the velocity at the 2nd photogate (calculate this in the Excel
green cell F13)
Do the same for the heavy cart. You will need these results in
the Analysis Section.
(3) Elastic collisions: Place two carts on the track so that their
magnets are facing
each other. We want the carts to collide with each other, but
making no physical
contact. This is called an elastic collision. Place the light cart
between the
photogates. Measure and record in your logbook its distance
from both photogates.
Push the heavy cart so that it goes through the 1st photogate
(you should not be
pushing as it goes through the photogate), then collides with the
light cart (the heavy
cart should have completely passed through the 1st photogate
before the collision),
and then either both carts go through the 2nd photogate or the
heavy cart goes back
through the 1st photogate and the light cart goes through the
2nd photogate (either

25. result is fine). You will have to do several trial runs to
accomplish this. You should
get 6 time data points allowing you to find the initial velocity of
the heavy cart, and
the final velocities of the heavy and light carts.
(4) Repeat Step (3) with the light cart pushed to collide with the
heavy cart.
(5) Inelastic collisions: Now we want the carts to make
physical contact during the
collision and stick together. Place the light cart between the
photogates (measure and
record its distance from both photogates) and push the heavy
cart hard enough so that
they collide and stick together due to the velcro. From the
timing data, you should be
able to determine the initial velocity of the heavy cart and the
final velocity of the
combined heavy and light cart.
Analysis

26. (1) Find the initial and final velocity of the heavy and light
carts through each photogate
in Step (2). Determine the acceleration (and its uncertainty) of
the carts (they slow
down because of friction).
(2) Using your results from Part (1) and measurements in Step
(2), determine the kinetic
frictional force (and its uncertainty) for each cart. What is the
coefficient of kinetic
friction for each cart? (remember to 1st draw your free body
diagram and then write
Newton’s 2nd law along the x and y -directions and use the
kinematical equations of
motion)
(3) For the elastic and inelastic collisions (and ignoring
friction), find the kinetic
energies (and their uncertainties) of each cart before the
collision and after the
collision. Is the total kinetic energy of the carts before the
collision equal to the total
kinetic energy of the carts after the collision? Do they agree to
within your
uncertainties? Is conservation of energy being violated? How
much energy is
missing? What type of energy is this missing energy?

27. (4) For the elastic collisions, now take friction into account in
your conservation of
energy relations [use the coefficient of kinetic friction
determined in Part (2)]. Does
this improve the conservation of energy result?
(5) For the inelastic collision, and including the effect due to
friction, estimate the
thermal energy generated (and its uncertainty) in the
deformation of the carts. Try to
get an estimate of the temperature rise (and its uncertainty) of
the carts at the point
of collision (use Eq. 19-2 [page 499] in Giancoli—I have posted
this on the Physics
253 Lab WebPage). Is this temperature increase easy to
measure?
(6) Summarize your results for Part (4) & (5) (i.e.: what’s your
conclusion to all of this?)
(7) For the elastic and inelastic collisions, find the total
momentum (and its uncertainty)
of the carts before and after each collision. Is the total
momentum of the carts before
the collision equal to the total momentum of the carts after the
collision? Do they

28. agree to within your uncertainties? Is conservation of
momentum being violated? If
conservation of momentum is being violated, what is causing it?
What types of
external forces are involved? Assume the collisions occur in
100 milliseconds—do
your results improve when you take into account the external
forces? Summarize
your results in a paragraph.
Due in 24 hours:
(a) Upload your Excel Spreadsheet to Blackboard assignment
Collisions #0. This
assignment will not be graded, it is just a way for the TA to
have your measured
quantities before lab starts next week. That way the TA will be
prepared to
answer any questions you have regarding your lab. The
spreadsheet does not
have to have any calculations completed—the TA is only
interested in getting

29. your measured quantities.
Due next week: Part #1:
(a) Complete Analysis (1)—this is accomplished by filling out
Part (2) in the
Template Excel spreadsheet.
(b) Complete Analysis (2) and Analysis (3)—accomplished by
filling out Parts (3),
(4), and (5) in the Template Excel spreadsheet. Put in your
carefully answered
questions wherever asked for in the Excel spreadsheet.
(c) Upload your Excel Spreadsheet to Blackboard assignment
Collisions #1
No further writeup is required (no Word document is required).
Due in two weeks: Part #2:
(a) Complete the rest of the Analysis section: Analysis (4) to
Analysis (7).
(d) Upload your entire Excel Spreadsheet (Part(1) to Part (5) &
Analysis (1) to

30. Analysis (7)) to Blackboard assignment Collisions #2. Answer
all questions in
the Analysis sections.
No further writeup is required (no Word document is required).
Conservation of E and PPart (1) Mass of Light
Cart:573.5±0.1grams= ML ± SMLFin length:6±0.1centimeters=
DL ± SDL Mass of Heavy Cart:1691.1±0.1grams=
MH ± SMHFin length:6±0.1centimeters= DH ± SDH
Distance between
Photogates: 70±0.1centimeters= Do ±
SDoPart (2)Data Table 1: Linear Motion of Light CartTime
(sec) uncertainty
(sec)0.2571980.0363.6990028.71094-
6.81950869931.42329757640.3513910.031.4251850.0355.70307
21.940471.5328990.03Data Table 2: Linear Motion of Heavy
CartTime (sec) uncertainty
(sec)0.2518840.0349.5458317.37761-
4.7492514.484650.3729840.031.7633350.0342.3071512.657071.
9051550.03Part (3)Data Table 3: Heavy Cart Incident upon
Light Cart (Elastic Collision)Time (sec) uncertainty
(sec)32.60.3049950.0381.2017946.644350.3788850.030.93090.0
399.4596069.968150.9912260.031.7610190.0335.931809.14904
1.9280020.03Data Table 4: Elastic
Collision0.557530.640520.109170.055590.283660.399100.3928
30.40295228520.16471±0.7567289715JoulesPart (4)Data Table
5: Light Cart Incident upon Heavy Cart (Elastic
Collision)Time (sec) uncertainty
(sec)32.60.1008840.03104.1070276.657800.1585170.031.19849
50.0336.146979.258701.3644840.032.0561960.0310.391100.782

31. 892.6336130.03Data Table 6: Elastic
Collision0.310790.457690.003100.000470.110480.056600.1135
80.05659866730.19721±0.4611745369JoulesPart (5)Data Table
7: Heavy Cart Incident upon Light Cart (Inelastic
Collision)Time (sec) uncertainty
(sec)32.60.4481850.0366.2990831.100990.5386840.031.518384
0.0340.586573.517862.0086940.03Data Table 8: Inelastic
Collision0.371670.348700.186520.032330.18515±0.3501950946
JoulesAnalysis (1)Done in Part (2)Analysis (2)Data Table 9:
Kinetic Frictional Forcelight cart-0.039110.180210.00696heavy
cart-0.080310.244950.00485Analysis (3)Done in Parts (3), (4),
(5)Analysis (4)Data Table 10: Kinetic Frictional ForcePart
(3)Part (4)Part (5)Part (3)±JoulesPart (4)±JoulesPart
(5)±JoulesAnalysis (5)(ignore thermal energy generated by
kinetic friction)°CAnalysis (6)Summarize results of Analysis
(5) & (6)Analysis (7)Data Table 11: Heavy Cart Incident upon
Light Cart (Elastic Collision)±kg m/secData Table 12: Light
Cart Incident upon Heavy Cart (Elastic Collision)±kg
m/secData Table 13: Heavy Cart Incident upon Light Cart
(Inelastic Collision)±kg m/sec0.1±0.01secondsAssume
fractional uncertainty is 10%Data Table 14: Heavy Cart Incident
upon Light Cart (Elastic Collision)Heavy Cart Incident upon
Light Cart (Elastic Collision)±kg m/secLight Cart Incident
upon Heavy Cart (Elastic Collision)±kg m/secHeavy Cart
Incident upon Light Cart (Inelastic Collision)±kg m/sec
The total kinetic energy of the carts before collision is more
than The total kinetic energy of the carts after collision, and
they do agree within their uncertainties. Also, the conservation
of energy is being violated
because there is alot of energy is missing from the final kinetic
energy.