2. THE MIDDLE
AGES
400-1450
Medieval period Aka “Age of Faith”
Music was highly influenced by Religion ; the early
Christian church and state reigned this period.
Music organized into liturgy which is the order and
structure of church services.
3. 600-850
Named for Pope Gregory 1 in which had
his monks gather the chants.
Contained common texts that remained
same in order : Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus,
and Agnus Dei.
Also Monophonic ( single line), nonmetric,
three categories : syllabic, neumatic,
melismatic.
Music by: Hildegard of Bingen
Titled: Kyrie Eleison
GREGORIAN CHANT
4. ROMANESQUE PERIOD
850-1150
The Rise of Polyphony (two or more simultaneous melodic
lines).
Earliest polyphonic music called organum adding a second
voice to the traditional Gregorian melody at the interval of a fifth
or fourth.
Soon developed a art in which two voices could move oblique
and contrary motion.
Music by:Leonin Title: Guade Maria Virgo
5. RENAISSANCE PERIOD
1450-1600
The Mass services of the Roman Catholic Church and
during that time a obligation for most people.
It’s liturgy split into two categories: Proper, texts that
vary day to day depending on occasions and Ordinary,
always remain the same in every mass.
Usually consisted of Gregorian chants.
6. 1098-1179
Born as the tenth child given to
serve the church as tithe.
Had visions somewhat of a fortune
teller.
She expressed text through music in
a brilliant way. Her songs used for
many purposes by the church.
Music by: Hildegard of Bingen Title:
Alleluia, O vigra mediatrix
HILDEGARD OF BINGEN
7. This music was inspired by
idealized love and the values of
chivalry.
Usually preformed by
Troubadours and trouveres in France ,
finders and inventors of musical
poetry. In Germany the preformers
were called Minnesingers aka singers
of courtly love.
This music was usually used at
banquets and such entertainment.
SECULAR MUSIC OF THE
MIDDLE AGES
8. Generally preformed acappella
meaning voices alone without
instrumental background.
Motet became used in the
mass as well as other religious
services.
A great example of Motet is
Josquin: Ave Maria…virgo serena.
RENAISSANCE SACRED MUSIC
9. 1600-1750
Great changes took affect
especially religious wars between the
Protestants and Catholics.
The New World was also a great
journey to be explored.
Monody , was introduced and
instumental music became highly
accquired.
Inspired the Doctrine of
Affections a entire piece or
movement built on a single affection.
BAROQUE ERA
Baroque- meaning
exaggerated, abnormal, or bizarre.
Major-minor tonality was
established as well as the equal
temperament tuning system.
New harmonic structures
developed such as the figured bass
which allowed preformer to
improvise the chords leaving bass
continuo played by two
instruments.
10. BACH AND THE CHURCH
CANTATA
A german composer who wrote mostly for the Lutheran
church service.
Usually containing Lutheran chorale, a hymn tune
referring to German Protestantism.
Bach created a well known Protestant chorale
tune,”Bach’s canta Wachet auf(Sleepers, Awake).
11. 1685-1750
Heir of polyphonic art of the
past.
Born in Eisenach, Germany came
from a family of organist.
Age 23 he held the position of
court organist and chamber musician
to the duke of Weimar.
Age 38 he was given the title of
Cantor of the St.Thomas school.
JOHN SEBASTIAN BACH
13. HANDEL AND THE ORATORIO
Oratorio is a large-scale dramatic genre with sacred text
preformed by solo voices, chorus, &orchestra…nothing
staged.
In the words of Handel, ”What the English like is
something they can beat time to, something that hits them
straight on the drum of the ear.”
14. 1685-1759
Born in Halle, Germany.
Age 25 appointed conductor to
the elector of Hanover.
In 1720 served as director in the
founding of the Royal Academy of
Music.
Though the failure of the Music
Academy he was able to continue
producing and produced over forty
operas telling stories and adventures.
GEORGE FRIDERIC HANDEL
16. 1678-1741
One of the most prolific composers
of his era, a famous violinist known for
his solo concerto.
A native of Venice he was ordained
in the church in his twenties and
became known as the Red Priest.
Was Maestro de’ concerti aka music
master at the Conservatorio
dell’Ospedale della Pieta.
ANTONIO VIVALDI
18. CLASSICAL ERA
1750-1825
Characterized by order, objectivity, and harmonious
proportion.
Rise of middle class increased money and leisure time
allowing them to purchase instruments, take lessons and
compose music from home.
Form was very important in this era.
19. SYNOPSIS CYCLE
First movement- fast and in sonata-allegro form
Second movement- slow and in sonata-allegro form,
ternary form, or theme and variations form
Third movement- medium fast and in minuet and trio
form
Fourth movement- fast and in rondo form or sonata-
allegro form
20. 1732-1809
One of the most prolific composers of
the classical era.
Born in a small Austrian village of
Rohrau.
Was a choirboy at St. Stephen’s
Cathedral in Vienna until he was 16.
At age 29 joined the service of the
Esterhazys, a family of wealthy
Hungarian princes famous for their
patronage of the arts.
The string quarlet was the center of
Haydn’s work.
JOSEPH HAYDN
21. 1756-1791
Born in Salzburg, Austria, son of
Leopold Mozart the violinist at the court of
Archbishop of Salzburg.
Most gifted child in the history of music
he began composing before he was 5.
At age 6 preformed at the court of
Empress Maria Theresa.
Age 13 had written several sonatas,
concertos, symphonies, religious works,
and operas.
One of the first to compose with a
clarinet.
WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART
22. 1770-1827
Born in Bonn, Germany, into a broken family.
He supported his mother and two your brothers
by preforming as an organist and harpsichordist.
Age 17 he played for Mozart which said,” Keep a
eye on him, he will make a noise in the world some
day.”
In his late twenties he began to lose his hearing .
Never to regain his hearing he still continued to
thrive and use his genius in creating beautiful master
pieces.
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN
