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4. Water has always been an important necessity for
us humans. There is no other period in world history
when NAWASA Water System did not give its greatest
impact upon us. Historically, the different improvements
and discoveries for water management were noticed its
optimistic changes to the economic and health
development of countries. These developments of water
system made our lives better. However, it requires
proper planning which will then lead to the
establishment of a NAWASA Water System. These
concepts learned in our history give us a message that as
we live in the modern era, we still need to discover
more for the fulfillment of progress in our country.

5. According to the World Health Organization
(WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (2003), only
19.8% have a household drinking water connection in
rural areas in the Philippines. A permanent water
source should be maintained to provide all the water
consumption of all the residents in a particular barrio.
Brgy.Placer, Benito Soliven, Isabela gets its major
water source from Generated NAWASA Water Sources.
Every barangay zone has an alternative water source
because a water source for a particular zone cannot
support the needs of the whole barangay. This is why,
Placer NAWASA (National Water and Sewerage
Authority) must have an alternative water source to
solve these kinds of problems.

6. Water is used in many things but its main use is
for drinking in order for us to live. It also provides for
maintenance of our hygienic practices which are
important for the health of every resident of
Brgy.Placer, Benito Soliven, Isabela. Safe water is
essential for human life; necessary for drinking,
cooking, sanitation and hygiene. The researchers
conducted this study to determine the Economic and
Health Development of the residents at Placer, Benito
Soliven, Isabela upon the establishment of NAWASA
Water System.

7. NAWASA Water System refers to a
system of supplying water that can
provide water for human consumption
through pipes. It provides people a
source of water in order to get potable
water and water source for hygienic
purposes particularly for taking a bath.
This study aims to identify the effects
of NAWASA Water System to the health
development of residents at the
particular place.

8. This study endeavored to identify
the Economic and health
development upon the establishment
of NAWASA Water System at
Brgy.Placer, Benito Soliven, Isabela.
Especially, it finds answers to the
following questions:

9. • Discover how NAWASA Water System
contribute to the economic and
health development of the
residents.
• What are the objectives of local
water district in establishing the
water system at Brgy.Placer?
• What are the reactions of people
upon the establishment of NAWASA
Water System?

10. This study was conducted to determine if
NAWASA Water System contributed to the
economic and health development of the
residents. This study can also be used by the
following:
 Barangay officials, for them to consider
NAWASA water system as one of the factors
that give a big contribution in reaching
economic progress. This study is undertaken
to guide the officials in strengthening and
formulating programs on treating water.

11. The Department of Health (DOH), for them to
conduct a program regarding on the safeness of
the water resources. Therefore this study upon
its completion would contribute as their baseline
data to serve as their basis in imposing programs
and health policies in that particular place.
Local Officials could also benefit from this study
by making this as one of their references. This
study will help them to include NAWASA water
system as one of the infrastructure that
contributes towards health and economic
development of a particular place or even our
country so that they prefer to establish another
one to distribute water to the whole community
accordingly.

12. Residents of barangay Placer, for them to be
aware of the changes or developments occur
upon the establishment of the NAWASA water
system and how did they react to it actively and
accurately. The result of this study will be the
baseline data in helping the residents of
Brgy.Placer to know whether the water they are
using is safe or not. If it exceeds the tolerable
limits than that of the results of this study, they
may report it to the proper authorities for
proper action or treatment. This study is also an
assessment test if NAWASA Water System
produces potable and clean water that is good
to the health of the residents.

13. Future researchers who will be engaging in
studies the same with this research will have a
reference and a guide throughout the
conduction of their research. And they will be
benefited from this study since they will be
expose to another or further investigation of
the research work. Future researchers who
want to get details about local water sources
on how it affects the economic and health
developments of a particular place can be use
it as their review of related study.

14. This study focused in identifying the health
and economic developments created by the
NAWASA water system to the residents of
Brgy.Placer, Benito Soliven, Isabela. There are
some details that we may gather to those
unconnected to NAWASA water system such as
the differences between the household that are
connected and not.

15. This study is also allowed to interview the
local water district officials in their objectives
in establishing NAWASA water system. This study
was conducted to determine the establishment
of NAWASA Water System toward the health and
economic development of the residents at
Brgy.Placer. Discover how NAWASA Water System
contribute to the economic and health
development of the residents, the objectives of
local water district and reactions of people upon
the establishment of the NAWASA water system
at Brgy.Placer.

16. For instance, this study is weak if there’s
no connection between the health and economic
development of Brgy.Placer to the establishment
of NAWASA water system, Certainly, Some of our
respondents could not be correct in their
assessments or answer to our particular
questions. Some could be inaccurate if not
entirely wrong perceptions. This study does not
cover the other factors or ways of achieving
progress such as leadership, geography, or any
bibliography of someone.

17. E. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
As enumerated in Republic Act No.1383,
Section 2 the functions and activities of the
NAWASA among others, as follows:
a) To construct, maintain and operate mains
pipes, water reservoirs, machinery, and other
waterworks for the purpose of supplying
water to the inhabitants of its zone, both
domestic and other purposes; to purify the
source of supply, regulate the control and
use, and prevent the waste of water; and to
fix water rates and provide for the collection
of rents.

18. b) To construct, maintain and operate such
system of sanitary sewers as may be
necessary for the proper sanitation of the
cities and towns comprising the Authority and
to charge and collect such sums for
construction and rates for this service as may
be determined by the Board to be equitable
and just.
NAWASA water system is established to
supply water to the inhabitants or residents of
the particular zone. For drinking and hygienic
purposes, therefore, it has a great relevance to
the health developments of residents.

19. Hence, the establishment of NAWASA Water
System builds cooperation of every individual to
be successfully established. When there are
troubles or malfunction to the system or flow of
water, it build interaction of individual to solve
it immediately. The bills of every household also
a source of barangay fund to establish a new
project.

20. This study aims to discover the connection
of establishment of NAWASA Water System to the
economic and health development of the
residents to a particular place.

21. F. DEFINITION OF TERMS
• NAWASA (National Water and Sewerage Authority)
- is currently the only agency in water supply and
sewerage collection, treatment and disposal
operating. A premier water utility, providing
customers with a safe, adequate and reliable
water supply, as well as safe disposal of waste
water in a viable and efficient manner.
• WATER INFRASTRUCTURE - Structures and
facilities that are operated by water,
wastewater, and storm water utilities, both
public and investor-owned. These may include
important infrastructure assets such as pipes,
pumps, etc.

22. • ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - The process by which
a particular place improves the economic and
social well-being of its people.
• HEALTH DEVELOPMENT - An adaptive process by
which a person enhance the condition of his/her
body and hygiene.
• POTABLE WATER - Water that can be drank that is
also good for the health.
• HYGIENIC PRACTICES – It is the way on how they
pertaining their personal hygiene such as taking a
bath, brushing their teeth, and cleaning and
washing their body in their own way.
• NAWASA Water System - A system of supplying
water. It provides water for human consumption
through pipes.

23. • PIPES – A hollow tube for conveying or
supplying water.
• CONTAMINATION - The production of
substances not found in the natural
composition of water that make the water
less desirable or unfit desirable or unfit for
intended use.
• DRINKING WATER – Water that is intended for
human consumption or for use in food
preparation.

24. • SEWERAGE - includes, but is not limited to,
any system or network of pipelines, ditches,
channels, or conduits including pumping
stations, lift stations and force mains, service
connections including other constructions,
devices, and appliances appurtenant thereto,
which include the collection, transport,
pumping and treatment of sewage to a point
of disposal.
• SEWAGE – A waste material that is carried
away from homes and other buildings in a
system of pipes.

26. This chapter presents reviews of
related literatures and studies about
the relation of establishment of
NAWASA water system to the
economic and health developments
to a particular place.

27. *
*In some developing countries often the poorest – the
challenge of managing their water legacy is almost without
precedent. Yet, if these challenges are not met, we believe
that sustainable growth and poverty eradication cannot be
achieved. Throughout history, water has also been a source
of dispute and even conflict between uses and between
users at both local and larger scales. As water becomes
ever scarcer relative to demand, there are emerging fears
of trans boundary waters becoming a source of conflict,
constraining growth; conversely, there is also emerging
experience of cooperation on trans boundary waters,
supporting regional integration as a driver of growth.
(Governments of Norway and Sweden as input to the
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD,2005).

28. According to the report commissioned by the
Governments of Norway and Sweden as input to the
Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD, 2004-
2005) focus on water, sanitation and related issues. There
are five urgent but realistic investment messages to public
and private sector decision makers can help make water
truly a part of economic development.
1. Improved water supply and sanitation and water
resources management boosts countries’ economic
growth and contributes greatly to poverty eradication.
2. The economic benefits of improved water supply and in
particular sanitation far outweighs the investment costs,
surprisingly good news for Northern and Southern
decision makers who often view investments as mere
costs.

29. 3. National economies are more resilient to rainfall
variability, and economic growth is boosted when
water storage capacity is improved.
4.Investing in water is good business improved water
resources management and water supply and
sanitation contributes significantly to increased
production and productivity within economic
sectors.
5.The overall public and private investment needs for
improved water supply and sanitation and water
resources management are considerable. However,
at the country level, meeting such investment
challenges is highly feasible and within the reach of
most nations.

30. RELATED LITERATURE (LOCAL)
Salustiano Del Campo, Tomoko Hamada,
Giancarlo Barbiroli, Saskia Sassen, and Eleonora
Barbieri-Masini (2010) found out that a convenient supply
of safe water and the sanitary disposal of human wastes
are fundamentally necessary for good health. Water that is
contaminated with pathogens can spread diseases, and
water that is located far from home results in the loss of
productive time and energy by the water carrier. (Social
and economic development of the Philippines, pp. 229)
I can say that many of us in our country have
no access to clean water because there are no alternative
sources, many of the poor collect drinking water from
rivers, streams, and canals that are polluted with human
excreta and chemicals.

31. Therefore, a potable water supply is usually
insufficient to stimulate economic development.
Furthermore, part of the problem is that water for
human consumption will not directly cause a change
in economic output. If a long-term increase in output
is one of the goals of rural water supply investment,
then the latter probably should be broadened to
include additional facilities or programs that
complement the water system.

32. For Example, in arid region or areas with dry
season, if a village water supply system is designed
to permit the watering of livestock and the irrigations
of small gardens, then the likelihood that the water
system will have a significant impact on the local
economy is substantially increase. Providing
resources for complementary programs such as
health, education, sanitation, and marketing
information should also increase the probability that
the water supply program will have a positive impact
in terms of developments.

33. RELATED STUDIES (FOREIGN)
According to Pietilä et al.( 2010) among the
most important and indispensable services of necessity
of all communities are water services which consist of
water supply, sanitation and storm water services.
Water also integrates many societal activities, even
serves as a “lubricant” of cooperation between
municipalities. While surface water as a resource is
mainly visible, ground water and many parts of the
water infrastructure serving communities are largely
hidden and invisible and, therefore, unfortunately too
often also forgotten by decision-makers and even
professionals.

34. As concerns the wider role of water in
development, the International Law Association
(ILA, 2004) pointed out that water and wastewater
services are “vital human needs” of communities. In
the global context, some 0.8 billion people currently
lack safe water whereas as many as 2.5 billion are
without proper sanitation, and one billion practice
open defecation. Some countries may lose as much
as 7 per cent of their GDP due to the lack of
sanitation. Due to poor management and
maintenance, the number of people without proper
services may actually be even higher than the above
figures suggest.

35. Human Development Report (2006) stated that
“Water and sanitation are among the most powerful
preventative measures available to governments to
reduce infectious disease” (UNDP, 2006).
According to Briceno- Garmendia et al. (2008)
some 35 percent of the water supply and sanitation
facilities in Africa need rehabilitation. Furthermore,
an estimated 90 per cent of all wastewaters in
developing countries are discharged untreated
directly into rivers, lakes or oceans. Besides, every
day two million tons of industrial and agricultural
wastes are poured into the earth´s waters.

36. According to Corcoran et al. (2010) it is estimated
that some 3.4 million people die every year from a
water-related disease which is equivalent to the
population of the entire City of Los Angeles.
According to the World Bank (Anon, 2013) one
out of every three people in the world today have no
toilet. Economic losses from lack of access to
sanitation amount to an estimated US$260 billion
annually, more than the entire gross domestic
product of Chile. (Anon, 2013) The list of
consequences is endless.

37. According to Hutton (2012) achieving the water
and sanitation related Millennium Development
Goals would provide large economic benefits: EUR
3–34 for each invested euro while the improvement
of drinking water quality would bring in EUR 5–60
for each invested euro. Furthermore, house
connections would provide massive health benefits.
Water supply and sanitation have an impact on
poverty, food security, water security, health and
many other sustainable development issues. Experts
widely agree that investing in WASH pays off, but
the international community still lacks the sense of
urgency.

38. Hukka and Nyangeri (2014) suggest that achieving a
green economy is not possible without ensuring everyone
has access to basic water and sanitation services. Across the
world, access to these services has proved to be a critical
step in lifting people out of the vicious cycle of poverty and
environmental degradation. Furthermore, the wastewater
infrastructure of many fast-growing cities required to ensure
water efficiency is non-existent, inadequate or outdated.
Water storage, treatment and distribution systems are also
often poorly maintained. Besides, water losses, due to
technical leakage and water theft, often exceed 40-60
percent of total water distribution in many developing
countries. Even in Finland, the strive for strong
centralization of wastewater treatment can be questioned in
some cases where sewer leakages have reached 40 percent.

39. In Finland, the biggest challenge of water services in
the coming 20 to 30 years will be ageing infrastructure,
especially deteriorating networks. Other important
concerns are vulnerability and risk management, climate
change, lack of human resources, research and
education. Futures thinking and strategic development in
the sector, on the other hand, are positive signs.
Considering the priority of community water supply
over other water use purposes, the huge challenges of
water and sanitation in developing economies, and the
identified threat of deteriorating water infrastructure
systems worldwide, it is clear that we need to consider
all possible ways of improving the current situation and
find better solutions for the futures. (Heino, et al., 2011).

40. Therefore, providing reliable and sufficient water
supplies is critical for business development and
reduces investment risk. For example, a study in China
points at the considerable gains that can be made by
improved water quality. The industrial income lost due
to water pollution amounted to USD 1.7billion in 19
92 alone. What is now becoming increasingly clear to
many governments is that reliable access to water
resources is a competitive advantage and attracts
business opportunities.

41. RELATED STUDIES (LOCAL)
Jiménes-Cisneros et al. (2013) notes that some
520,000 people are affected by floods yearly, and
the amount of people killed in these floods is about
25,000 people per annum. Floods together with
other water-related disasters cost the world economy
some 50–60 billion USD per annum. The same
source also noted that due to the lack of safe water
supply and sanitation some 6–8 million people die
every year from water-related disasters and diseases.
Compared to the impacts of floods, the lack of water
supply and sanitation kills much more people world-
wide (over 70 times more).

42. According to the World Health Organization (WHO,
2005-2015) each and every day some 3,900 children
die from dirty water or poor hygiene alone. Yet,
floods are always in the headlines of newspapers and
even science policy papers, whereas the lack of
water supply and sanitation – i.e. water services – is
a largely ignored silent, invisible, wide-spread and
continuous year-round catastrophe.

43. METHODS OF
RESEARCH AND
PROCEDURES

44. Qualitative Research Method is used in this study.
Presented in this chapter are the descriptions of the
research method used, research design, research
locale, selection and description of respondents, data
gathering instrument, data gathering procedure and
data analysis employed in the investigation of the
study.

45. RESEARCH METHOD
The researchers have employed the descriptive
method of research in conducting this research study.
Descriptive method of research is a fact-finding
study with adequate and accurate interpretation of
the findings and data to be gathered (Calderon &
Gonzales, 1993). Descriptive method of research is
appropriate to be use by the researchers in this study
because it describes with highlighting what is
actually exist such as current health and economic
conditions, situations, or any phenomena.

46. Since the present study or discovery was concerned
with the development of the residents at Brgy.Placer to
their health and economic condition upon the
establishment of NAWASA water system, and is there any
significant relationship between it. The study pursues to
understand the economic and health development created
by the establishment of NAWASA Water System at Brgy.
Placer.
This research involves the description, recording,
analysis, and interpretation of the present nature and
phenomena. It is focuses on prevailing conditions or how
the persons, group, and residents behave or function in the
present. It is also often involves some type of comparison
or contrast between unconnected households and
connected households.

47. This study utilized descriptive correlation
method of research to describe the impact of
establishment
of NAWASA water system towards the health and
economic development of residents at Brgy.Placer.
Moreover, the
researchers adapted the Interview Method wherein
we interviews residents directly with structured
interview guide questions written on field notes.

48. The researchers also used the following Indigenous
Research Method.
1.Pagtatanong-tanong, an improvised informal and
unstructured interview with the main questions to
be asked to the residents (Pe-Pua, 1989);
2.Pakikipagkwentuhan, a form of storytelling or
informal conversations and the guided questions
during the interview ( Orteza, 1997), and
3. Pagmamasid, also known as observation in which
the researchers observe the community specifically
to the health and economic condition of
Brgy.Placer upon the establishment of NAWASA
Water System.

49. RESEARCH LOCALE
At present, Benito Soliven is a one of the
exceptional municipality of Isabela subdivided into
twenty-nine barangays. Placer, is the one the twenty-
nine barangays.
Placer gets their idea to find a water reservoir
to manage it and provide sufficient and sanitary
water to every household.

50. SELECTION and DESCRIPTION of the
RESPONDENTS
The ideal key informants of this study were
residents who are being connected to the NAWASA
Water System and the barangay officials who are
intended the idea in establishments of NAWASA
Water System. The researchers identified the
respondents through qualitative observations.
Qualitative Observations are those in which the
researchers took field notes on the economic and
health development upon the establishment of
NAWASA Water system to the residents of Brgy.
Placer.

51. The target population of this study refers to the
local authorities and local residents in Brgy.Placer,
Benito Soliven, Isabela who are intended to the
establishment of NAWASA water system.
Suppose Brgy.Placer composed of many
residents so we prefer to use Opportunistic Sampling
wherein one is chosen during the study to take
advantage of new conditions or circumstances
created upon the establishment of NAWASA Water
System.

52. DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT
Since the study is qualitative research, the researchers
used interviews and observations as methodology in
data gathering, the key instruments are researchers
themselves.
Case study were used as another data collecting
instruments in this study, wherein it is a
comprehensive, complete, detailed, and in-depth study
and analysis of an individual, group, or community.
In-depth individual interviews will be conducted
with the understanding to the significant relationship
of establishments of NAWASA water system to the
health and economic development of the residents at
Brgy. Placer.

53. The method was based on the phenomenological
methodology, as the researcher wished to describe the
perceptions that NAWASA water system is directly
change the health and economic condition of Brgy.
Placer. Purposive non-probability sampling was made
use of Semi structured, one-to-one interviews were
conducted, and data analyzed using the thematic
content analysis. Furthermore, in an interview, the
researchers themselves shall draft questionnaires and
interview guide present condition of Brgy. Placer upon
the establishment of NAWASA Water System
specifically to their health and economic condition.

54. The researchers ask permission to the barangay
captain to take this research study. The researcher then
instructed the barangay captain about the study and gave
them the Information Sheet, and informed them that
participation was voluntary. The residents were given a
choice if they wanted to be part of the study or not. From
the response that the researcher received, all the residents,
who were present, wanted to be part of the study. The
researcher select resident randomly, to be interviewed.
The residents were given the interview guideline.
The interview guideline was firstly to help them better
prepare for the interviews. Secondly, the interview
guideline aided in providing information-rich answers, as
the resident had time to prepare for the interviews.

55. Semi-structured, one-to-one interviews were used as
in-depth information of the resident’s understanding was
needed. There are time that tape recorder was used during
each interview. Making use of a tape recorder allowed the
researcher to record fully and accurately what was being
said rather than taking notes during the interviews.
According to De Vos et al. (2002), it was very useful
to make use of a tape recorder because the researcher is
able to concentrate on what was said in the interviews so
that she/he could think about a follow-up question
The researchers shall assess the authenticity or
originality and the validity or truthfulness of the observed
and written data through focused group discussion for the
criticism of data using internal and external criticism
(Goods & Scates, 1972).

56. DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE
The following is the step-by-step process in the data gathering:
1. A research instrument in a form of interview guide
shall be used in the oral data collection. Selected
residents who are connected to NAWASA Water
System and Barangay Officials are target for the
interview that requires any details or objectives
upon to the establishment of NAWASA Water
System.
2. In the first phase of interview, the researchers shall
gather and locate all the residents who are
connected to the NAWASA Water system with the
help of barangay officials.

57. 3. Interviews and the data gathering procedures shall
be held in the place of residents of informants.
Interviewees and key informants must allow taking
a short review to the interview guide so that it helps
them to be more prepared to answer your questions.
4. The researcher shall use different devices in the
gathering of oral data. Aside from note-taking and
rigid observation, recording the interviews is also
be used to enable the researcher to concentrate on
what was said in the interviews so that s/he could
think about a follow-up question. Camera and
Cellular phones shall be the primary materials to
document the NAWASA Water System,
informants/residents and interviewer.