3. Philosophy
Traditionally philosophy is defined as love of
wisdom because it came from two
Greek words philos (love) and Sophia (wisdom).
You might find it strange to connect
love to philosophy. You might think of philosophy
as a purely intellectual discipline
which has nothing to do with love.
4. ORIGIN OF
PHILOSOPHY
Greece is the birthplace of
philosophy in the West. To be
more
precise it is the ancient Greek
city of Miletus in the Western
coast
of what is now Turkey that gave
birth to philosophy.
5. Thales
Thales is
the Father of Philosophy in the
Western civilization. He lived
between 624 and 546 BCE a
contemporary of the Lydian king
Croesus and the statesman Solon
(Stumpf and Fieser,2008).
6. What made Thales a philosopher is his desire to know the
ultimate stuff that makes up the different things we
perceived. You see when we look at the world we encounter
different things: people, trees, clouds, mountains, rivers, etc.
Now Thales believed that despite the different things we
encounter there is one underlying stuff or substance in
which everything is composed. He believes that there is One
in the Many. Thales was the first individual who tried to
reduce the multiplicity in to a unity (Jones,1969).
7. “What is the ultimate stuff of the
universe?”
First in terms of scope philosophy involves
the widest generalizations
Second philosophy is all about
fundamentals
Third philosophy is driven by the desire to
integrate things
8. PHILOSOPHY
( Cognitive Branches)
Metaphysics is further subdivided into
ontology which studies existence as such
and philosophical anthropology which deals
with the
fundamental and essential characteristics of
human nature.
“ Where am I?”
9. BRANCHES OF
PHILOSOPHY
Etmology branch of philosophy that studies
the nature and means of human
knowledge. We need epistemology to guide
us in knowing since we make mistakes from
time to time.
“ How do I know it?”
10. BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY
(Normative Branches)
“What should I do?”
Ethics or Morality it tells us how human beings ought to function as
a human being - “code of values to guide man’s choices and
actions”.
Politics is a branch of philosophy “which defines the principles of a
proper social system.”
Aesthetics studies the nature of art. It is concerned with the nature
and the objective judgement of beauty
11. A philosopher is like a child who
has an
inquisitive mind who never stops
asking questions
and finding answers.
12. Philosophical Tools ang Process
1.Philosophical Questions-Philosophy was
born
because of ignorance
2.Logical Reasoning-is the process of thinking
about something in a logical way in order to form a
conclusion or judgement.
13. Socratic Method
The Socratic Method, also known as method of
elenchus, elenctic method, or Socratic debate, is a
form of cooperative argumentative dialogue between
individuals, based on asking and answering
questions to stimulate critical thinking and to draw
out ideas and underlying presuppositions.
14. philosophical argument that involves some sort
of contradictory process between opposing
sides.
Dialectical Method, it is a discourse between
two or more
people holding different points of view about a
subject but wishing to establish the truth
through reasoned arguments.
15. Philosophical Reflection
Reflection is an activity that requires a person to examine
his or her thoughts, feelings and actions and learn from
experience. Philosophical reflection is the act of giving
time to think about the meaning and purpose of life.
Primary Reflection- which is the ability to think logically.
Secondary reflection-look deeper into our experiences and
see the bigger picture of reality.