US Sugeon General's information on overweight and obesity - health consequences of being overweight.Please feel free to share this free, public domain information Thank you. W8MD Medical Weight Loss Centers

1. The Surgeon General’s Call To Action To Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity
Overweight and Obesity: Health Consequences
The primary concern of overweight and obesity is one of health and not appearance.
PREMATURE DEATH
• An estimated 300,000 deaths per year may be attributable to obesity.
• The risk of death rises with increasing weight.
• Even moderate weight excess (10 to 20 pounds for a person of average height) increases the risk of
death, particularly among adults aged 30 to 64 years.
• Individuals who are obese (BMI > 30)* have a 50 to 100% increased risk of premature death from all
causes, compared to individuals with a healthy weight.
HEART DISEASE
• The incidence of heart disease (heart attack, congestive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, angina or
chest pain, and abnormal heart rhythm) is increased in persons who are overweight or obese (BMI >
25).*
• High blood pressure is twice as common in adults who are obese than in those who are at a healthy
weight.
• Obesity is associated with elevated triglycerides (blood fat) and decreased HDL cholesterol (“good
cholesterol”).
DIABETES
• A weight gain of 11 to 18 pounds increases a person’s risk of developing type 2 diabetes to twice that of
individuals who have not gained weight.
• Over 80% of people with diabetes are overweight or obese.
CANCER
• Overweight and obesity are associated with an increased risk for some types of cancer including en-
dometrial (cancer of the lining of the uterus), colon, gall bladder, prostate, kidney, and postmenopausal
breast cancer.
• Women gaining more than 20 pounds from age 18 to midlife double their risk of postmenopausal breast
cancer, compared to women whose weight remains stable.
BREATHING PROBLEMS
• Sleep apnea (interrupted breathing while sleeping) is more common in obese persons.
• Obesity is associated with a higher prevalence of asthma.
ARTHRITIS
• For every 2-pound increase in weight, the risk of developing arthritis is increased by 9 to 13%.
• Symptoms of arthritis can improve with weight loss.

2. REPRODUCTIVE COMPLICATIONS
• Complications of pregnancy
- Obesity during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of death in both the baby and the mother
and increases the risk of maternal high blood pressure by 10 times.
- In addition to many other complications, women who are obese during pregnancy are more likely to
have gestational diabetes and problems with labor and delivery.
- Infants born to women who are obese during pregnancy are more likely to be high birthweight and,
therefore, may face a higher rate of Cesarean section delivery and low blood sugar (which can be
associated with brain damage and seizures).
- Obesity during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of birth defects, particularly neural
tube defects, such as spina bifida.
• Obesity in premenopausal women is associated with irregular menstrual cycles and infertility.
ADDITIONAL HEALTH CONSEQUENCES
• Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risks of gall bladder disease, incontinence, in-
creased surgical risk, and depression.
• Obesity can affect the quality of life through limited mobility and decreased physical endurance as well
as through social, academic, and job discrimination.
CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
• Risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol and high blood pressure, occur with increased
frequency in overweight children and adolescents compared to those with a healthy weight.
• Type 2 diabetes, previously considered an adult disease, has increased dramatically in children and
adolescents. Overweight and obesity are closely linked to type 2 diabetes.
• Overweight adolescents have a 70% chance of becoming overweight or obese adults. This increases to
80% if one or more parent is overweight or obese.
• The most immediate consequence of overweight, as perceived by children themselves, is social dis-
crimination.
BENEFITS OF WEIGHT LOSS
• Weight loss, as modest as 5 to 15% of total body weight in a person who is overweight or obese, reduces
the risk factors for some diseases, particularly heart disease.
• Weight loss can result in lower blood pressure, lower blood sugar, and improved cholesterol levels.
• A person with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above the healthy weight range* may benefit from weight loss,
especially if he or she has other health risk factors, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smok-
ing, diabetes, a sedentary lifestyle, and a personal and/or family history of heart disease.
*Please see fact sheet “Measuring Overweight and Obesity” for a definition of BMI.