2. FRAMEWORK OF NURSING
PRACTICE
AS THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF
INDIA in 1973 as given by Virginia
Henderson “the unique function of the
nurse is to assist the individual sick or
well, in the performance of those
activities contributing to the health its
recovery or to a peaceful death that the
client will perform unaided if he has
necessary strength will or knowledge.
Help the client gain independence as
rapidly as possible
3. THREORETICAL FRAMEWORK
FLORENCE NIGHITNGALE Develop the first theory of nursing.
Focus on changing and manipulating
the environment in order to put the
patient in the best possible condition
for nature to act.
HILEGARD PEPLAU Introduce the interpersonal model.
She defined nursing as a therapeutic
interpersonal process which strives to
develop a nurse patient relationship in
which the nurse serves as a resource
,person, counselor and surrogate.
FAYE ABDELLAH Defined nursing as having a problem
solving approach with key nursing
problems related to health needs of the
people : developed list 21 nursing areas.
4. Contd ..
To promote good hygiene and physical
comfort.
To promote optimal activity,
exercise,rest and sleep.
To promote safety through prevention
of accidents.
To maintain good body mechanics.
To maintain and supply of oxygen to
all body cells.
5. Contd.
To facilitate and maintenance of
nutrition to all body cells.
To facilitate and maintenance of
elimination.
To facilitate the maintenance of fluid
and electrolyte balance .
To recognize the physiologic
responses of the body to disease
conditions .
To facilitate the maintenance of
regulatory mechanisms and functions .
6. Contd…
To facilitate the maintenance of
sensory function.
To identify and accept positive and
negative expressions, feelings, and
reactions .
To identify and accept the
interrelatedness of emotions and
organic illness .
To facilitate the maintenance of
effective verbal and nonverbal
communication .
7. Contd..
To promote the development of
productive interpersonal relationships
.
To facilitate progress toward
achievement of personal spiritual
goals
To create and maintain a therapeutic
environment.
To facilitate awareness of self as an
individual with varying physical,
emotional, and developmental needs.
8. Contd….
To accept the optimum possible
goals in light of physical and
emotional limitations.
To use community resources as an
aid in resolving problems arising
from illness
To understand the role of social
problems as influencing factors in
the cause of illness
9. Contd…..
IDEA JEAN ORLANDO Develop three element s- client
behavior , nurse reaction, and nurse
action compose the nursing situation.
She observed that the nurse provide
direct assistance to meet an
immediate need for help in order to
avoid or alleviate distress or
helplessness.
MYRA LEVINE Describe the 4 conservation principles.
Conservation of energy
Conservation of structured integrity
Conservation of personal integrity
Conservation of social integrity
10. CONTD….
DOROTHY JOHNSON developed the behavior system
models
Patients behavior as a system
that is whole with interacting parts.
How the client adapts to the
illness
Goal of nursing is to reduce stress
so that the client can move more
easily through recovery.
MARTHA ROGERS Conceptualized the science of unitary
human beings are more than different
from the sum of their parts, the
distinctive properties of the whole are
significantly different from those of its
parts.
11. Contd….
DORETHA OREM Emphasizes the client ‘s self
care needs , nursing care
becomes necessary when
client is unable to fulfill ,
biological, psychological,
development al or social
needs.
IMOGINE KING Nursing process is defined
as dynamic interpersonal
process, between nurse,
client, and health care
system.
12. Contd….
BETTY NEUMEN Stress reduction it is a goal of system
model of nursing practice. Nursing
actions are primary , secondary or
tertiary level of prevention.
SISTER CALLISTA ROY Presented the adaptation model. She
viewed the each person as unified
psychosocial system in constant
interaction with changing environment .
The goal of nursing is to help the person
adapt to changes in physiological needs ,
role function and interdependent relation
during health and illness.
LYDIA HALL Introduced to the notion that nursing
centre's around three components,
person(core), pathologic state and
treatment(cure) and body(care).
13. Contd…
JEAN WATSON Conceptualizes the human caring
model . She emphasized that
nursing is application of art and
human science through
transpersonal caring transactions'
to help person to achieve mind ,
body, soul harmony , which
generate self knowledge, self
control and self care and self
healing.
ROSEMARRY RIZZO
PARSE
Introduced the theory of human
becoming. She emphasize the free
choice of personal meaning in
relating to value priorities, co creating
of rhythmical pattern in exchange with
environment and contra sending in
many dimensions as possibilities
14. ROLE OF NURSE
CARE GIVER
COMMUNICATOR
TEACHER
CLIENT
ADVOCATE
COUNSELLOR
16. SCOPE OF NURSING
Education opportunity
Service opportunity
opportunity in clinical
areas
opportunities in
educational institutes
17. Auxiliary nurse midwife/Multipurpose
health workers MPHW (F)s,
Diploma in nursing
Associate degree in nursing
Post certificate B.Sc nursing 2 year
program me
19. SERVICE OPPORTUNITIES
Auxiliary nurse
midwives
Staff nurses
Senior staff nurse
on promotion
Nursing
superintendent
grade 2 on
promotion
20. Cont…
Nursing superintendent grade 1 on
promotion
District health nurse supervisor on
promotion
Assistant joint director of health and
family welfare services on promotion
21. EDUCATIONAL JOB
OPPORTUNITIES
Clinical demonstrator
Nurse tutor
Senior nurse tutor on
experience
Junior lecturer with post
graduate degree
Senior lecturer on
experience of 2 years as
junior lecturer
22. Contd….
Reader with 2 years
experience as
senior lecturer
Associate professor
on experience of 1
year as Reader
Professor with 3
years experience as
associate Professor
25. CONTINUE EDUCATION
continue education as those professional
developmental experiences designed to
enrich the nurses contribution to health
,colleges, hospitals, voluntary agencies
and private groups offer formal continuing
education through courses, seminars and
workshops
26. INSERVICE EDUCATION
Many hospitals and health care
agencies provide education and
training and education and training for
employees of their institution or
organization is called in service
education. This is designed to
increase the knowledge and skills of
nursing staff.
28. EVIDENCE BASED
PRACTICES
It is a nursing care provided that is
supported by reliable research based
evidence. The nursing care may be of
specific interventions or guidelines
established for the care of patients with
specific illnesses, treatments, or surgical
procedures
29. Expansion of employment
opportunities
Nursing practice
include a growing
variety of employment
settings in which nurses
have greater
independence,
autonomy and respect
as a member of health
care team.
30. COMMUNITY BASED NURSING
Settings of health care have shifted
from hospitals and other institutions
based settings to community based
settings and health care is
increasingly provided in community
based setting such as clinics, out
patient settings and homes.
31. Influence of today’s health
care settings
A person seeking health care today
faces a tremendous array of settings in
which care is provided
Services vary, some concentrate on
health promotion and disease
prevention,
other focus on diagnosis and
treatment, rehabilitation or
supportive care,
32. CONTD….
, until recently, hospitals and medical
centre’s were the largest and most
organized of health care agencies,
because of rising costs, more
procedures and treatments are being
performed on an ambulatory basis.
33. Rising consumerism
The consumer movement was
fostered by the advent of MCOs
(managed care organizations) which
promote the prevention and
treatment of illness. Previously the
health care system operated on the
assumption that physician knew
what was best for client and should
make decision for them.
34. TECHONOLOGIC ADVANCES
Advance in technology have drastically
changed health care and significantly altered
the profile of the hospitalized client. Less
invasive diagnostic tools can assist in
identifying conditions at an early stage where
they are still treatable.
35. CONTD…..
Nurse translate the newest findings of
the research science and technology
into care for their clients. Changes in
pharmacological system, electrical data
basing which have driven the need for
standards in universal language, use of
robotics, computers, and hand held
biological instruments and telenursing
etc.
36. Access to health care
It refers to a person’s ability to find and
to receive care from a health care from a
health care provider. Although more
people are involved in the health care
system than ever before research
suggested that access varies depending
on an individual’s income, race,
geographic location.
37. Independent nursing services
Advanced practice nurses such as
nurse practitioner and nurse midwives,
are increasingly establishing
independent practices in which they
diagnose and treat illnesses, promote
health, provide well women care and
deliver babies
38. Nursing impact on politics
ANA employs RNs as lobbyists at the
federal level and state nursing
organizations also hire lobbyists and
legislative specialist to work on state
nursing issues and assist with federal
efforts. The aim is to remove financial
barriers to health care, increase the
quality of nursing care, increase
economic rewards to the nurse..
40. conclusion
it has emphasized that nursing is not
static, unchanging profession but is
continuously growing and evolving as
society changes, as health care
emphases and methods change, as
life style change and as nurses
themselves change. Nursing
standards provide the guide lines for
implementing and evaluating nursing
care.
41. ABSTRACT
Registered nurses make measureable
contribution to the health and wellness of
the persons living in nursing homes
however most nursing homes do not
employ adequate no. of professionalized
nurses with adequate training in nursing
care of older adults to positively impact
resident outcome. As a result many
people never receive excellent geriatric
nursing care while living in long term
care facility
42. Contd…….
Nurses have introduced various
professional practice models into health
care institutions as tools for leading
nurses practice, improving clients
outcome and achieving organizational
goals. Problematically few, professionally
practice models have been implemented
in nursing homes. This article introduces
an evidence based framework for
professionals nursing practice in long
term care. Futures search will evaluate
the usefulness of this framework for
professional nursing practice.
43. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Gowda SN Nonjunde, “foundations of nursing” edition Ist,
jaypee brothers medical publishers,Page no.4-5
Lynn Basford, oliver slevin, “Theory and practice of nursing”
2nd edition, CBS publishers and distributors page no.452-458
F.Craven Ruth, “fundamentals of nursing” 4th edition,
Lippincott publication page no.40
Lillis Tylor, Lynn LeMone, “fundamentals of nursing,
“lipponcott publication, edition Ist page No.21-26
Perry Potter, “fundamentals of nursing,” mosby publication,
sixth edition, page no. 22-34.
Nightingale nursing times (journal) volume 4th oct 2008.
Htt/; www.google.com
