This document summarizes a doctoral thesis submitted to the University of California at Berkeley examining "Implicit Social Structures" and evidence for quantum phenomena in the brain. Specifically, it analyzes two fitness clubs in Sydney, Australia that serve as implicit communities for HIV-positive individuals. Observation of these communities found bipolar behavior and ambiguity consistent with quantum state degeneracy at the brain microtubule level. The author argues this provides direct evidence for quantum effects in consciousness and behavior. Formal implications are discussed generalizing concepts to any quantum field theory.

1. Boutique HIV
Stavros Mouslopoulos
BA, PhD, Dip Ed, Dip Bus.
Synopsis of Doctoral Thesis submitted to:
University of California at Berkeley,
Department of Psychology
Abstract
In this note, we introduce the concept of ”Implicit Social Structures” and how
it can provide direct and unambiguous evidence for quantum phenomena in the
encephalon - at the microtubules level. We point out that Fitness First Aus-
tralia Darlinghurst and Kings Cross (Potts Points) are two Mega-HIV Implicit
Communities in central Sydney, Australia where the phenomena can be directly
observed.
How?

2. ”Dedicated to the memory of John Edgar Hoover, the first Director
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States, better
known as the FBI”
2

3. 1 Introductory Remarks
Our main interest is focused in the area of the study of ”Implicit Social Structures” i.e.
emergent communities whose dynamics are controlled by implicit rather than explicit causes.
We believe that such phenomena are of particular interest because the individuals that make up
these communities exhibit ”softly” broken Z2 symmetry at the brain dynamics associated with the
relevant processes. As a result, these subjects are suitable for observation and experimentation in
order to establish, for the first time, robust experimental phenomenological evidence for quantum
phenomena at the microtubules level.
2 Introduction
As we have argued in previous proposals [1], apart from the physiology of the brain, the phe-
nomenology of animal behavior suggests that not only quantum effects play leading role in the
emergence of consciousness but that conscious behaviour is quantum mechanical.
In particular, we have argued that collective quantum phenomena of coherence play leading
role in the brain function1
: In our framework, in the process of consciousness the brain behaves
as a Fermionic Quantum Condensate: A quantum phase transition gives rise two (non-
degenerate) vacua which we choose to name as |Pleasure > and |NoPleasure > (for convenience
as we will associate these vacua with the Freudian Pleasure and Reality Principle). Every coherent
mental state |Ψ > is superposition of the orthonormal basis vectors of this two dimensional Hilbert
Space:
|Ψ >= A|Pleasure > +B|NoPleasure > 2
(1)
thus every action is the outcome of superpositions of the above states and the quantum
character of our consciousness lies in the alternative explanation of our actions which we prefer
to deny.
In this framework, Freud’s Pleasure Principle and Reality Principle are manifestations of the
qualitative features of the effective potential of the system after the phase transition. The link
that we have suggested is a profound one:
Pleasure Principle ←→ |Pleasure > (2)
Reality Principle ←→ |NoPleasure > (3)
That is: under external signal, the response of a particular part of the brain will be in a quantum
state |Ψ >= A|Pleasure > +B|NoPleasure >. In other words, Pleasure Principle is related
1
it has been suggested that coherence phenomena can be supported within the microtubules [3, 2, 4].
2
This is to be understood in the ”Dirac Sea” interpretation for the quantum mechanical vacuum.
1

4. with the preference of the system towards the coherent state |Pleasure > and Reality Principle
with |NoPleasure >3
.
The Unitarity (and time reversibility) would be present in the case of degeneracy of the
above vacua (that would correspond to an exact Z2 symmetry). However, if the degeneracy is
not broken no computation can take place 4
. Given the latter, ”softly” broken Z2 symmetries
are most suitable for experimental observation.
3 Why Implicit Social Structures ?
In practice, the quantum nature of the brain function - obviously - is not manifested by superposi-
tions of actions (action will be one way or the other ...) but by the ambiguity of the interpretation
of the decision/action (Pleasure/NoPleasure - no matter how irrational the alternative interpre-
tation might seem). Ambiguity relates to approximate degeneracy in the above quantum states.
This can be usually observed, for instance, in individuals that for some reason are in conflicting
or not well-formed realities. Implicit social structures provide de facto the suitable conditions for
such phenomena to emerge. The state degeneracy, can manifest itself, as bipolar behavior and/or
time delays in processing information, variation in the timescales especially for verbal reaction -
indecision (like the Halting of the Universal Turing Machine) when ambiguous external trigger is
presented. These phenomena can be studied both at the individual level and collective societal
level.
4 The ”Smoking Gun” for Quantum Phenomena
But how can the quantum character of a brain process be revealed ? This question brings us to
the very nature of the quantum mechanical state and in fact the nature of the vacuum5
: In the
”traditional approach”, one would argue that it is the ”Physical Object” that is characterized by
the Unbroken Symmetries of the corresponding field theory description. In the same philosophy
as Mach’s Principle, we do not think that it make sense to talk about symmetries the moment
that there is nothing to be symmetric - or otherwise the symmetries are non-dynamical. Notice
that this directly relates to the suggestion that we are dealing with a quantum phase transition
(i.e. emergent phenomena). It is thus the symmetry breaking that gives rise to the concept of
3
Note that as response we do not mean necessarily physical action.
4
giving rise to Pauli Exclusion Principle, or otherwise, Time Dilation phenomena
5
Given that we have already used the ”Dirac Sea” interpretation for the quantum mechanical state within the
microtubules, it should be clear that whatever properties we will deduce for the latter would directly apply to
former and, in fact, to all quantum mechanical states (universality), leading to a shift in the interpretation of the
theory.
2

5. symmetry. We believe this is important given that removes the appearance of Goldstones Bosons
from the theories 6
. In the traditional approach, state degeneracy means restored, full symmetry
and dynamics while in our view means no dynamics (global symmetry). This is a fundamentally
distinct signature.
Experimental evidence for the quantum nature of brain function can be observed with a wide
range of methods. One could classify these in three main categories:
• Observation of large number of subjects at the a given moment (snapshot). In this case
one looks for the emergence of diversity even in the case of single strict culture (no pure
states).
• Observation of a single subject for long periods of time, ideally throughout lifetime. In this
case one looks to establish e.g. emergent conservation laws (The Law of Conservation of
Pleasure), or simply for occasional or organised violations of the local/personal ”Arrow of
Time” (violation/decay phenomena).
• Observation of specific groups (or individuals) under artificial experimental conditions,
arranged to induce state degeneracy for a period of time.
In this project we mainly focus in the third method as it demonstrates better the need for
change in the current theory. As a result, the distinct signature we are interested is that
of state degeneracy:
”The state degeneracy, can manifest itself, as bipolar behavior and/or time delays in
processing information, variation in the timescales especially for verbal reaction -
indecision (like the Halting of the Universal Turing Machine) when ambiguous external
trigger is presented”.
4.1 Implicit Social Structures
Implicit social structures, are formed when there is a significant social cost with the causes in-
volved or the situation of the individuals that are involved and when the environment is suitable
for them to grow and sustain themselves. In most developed countries there are not really many
significant issues of great social cost but one can consider the dynamics of emergent communities
with individuals with ”diseases subject to social cost” that can emerge in low social cost envi-
ronments7
( e.g. at the center of large enough cities). In the present Thesis, it will be argued
6
this is not in contradiction with the existence of pions, given that they are associated with the chiral symmetry
breaking - well after the formation of quarks, hence the approximation of continuous symmetry is valid
7
social cost is determined by the timescales associated with human interaction
3

6. that such social structures despite their implicit nature can acquire high levels of homogeneity
despite the low levels of cohesion that exhibit (at least towards their true nature) obviously due
to the associated social cost. Their dynamics have evident bipolar features that are common in
individuals that are hovering between not well established ”realities”.
5 The Paradigm: Boutique HIV
The Australian market is certainly boutique (and niche) - so is its HIV[11]. Fitness First Australia
Darlinghurst and King’s Cross (Potts Point) in central Sydney are two ”health clubs” which were,
the subjects of a sample case study regarding the formation of implicit social environments/hubs.
The aforementioned environments can be considered as extension of the community only at their
immediate vicinity. An approximately four year period of observation, monitoring, experiment-
ing and ”interviewing” resulted to the conclusion that 80 ± 10%8
of members (predominately
Caucasian and Asian homosexual men) have behavior which is compatible and extremely likely
associated with a ”disease with social cost” and namely HIV. The implicit character of the com-
munity is that its members, although they might suspect, are not fully aware of the extent of
their common characteristics but they are drawn together by the environment of low social cost,
acceptance of their situation, similar patterns of behavior, habits, and interests (or absence of)
which may be used as the explicit cause/excuse for the community formation. Despite the overall
implicit character of the environment, formation of sub-groups within which vague acknowledg-
ment of the situation (usually with non-verbal cues) does occur however, these are usually small
in size due to the privacy required. As a result despite the high homogeneity, group dynamics
are mainly controlled by bipolar behavior due social cost associated with the condition (even
though it is the common condition within the sample). There are impressive secondary, satellite
phenomena of heterosexual sub-communities which are attached to the main one. These consist
of couples or singles in the same condition and appear usually at the periphery of the structure.
Although they exhibit weak interaction with it, they are taking advantage of the environment of
low social cost for employment or other social reasons. The latter indicate that the community
is fully blown and mature.
6 Methods
Given the private nature of the characteristics of the case study, one would expect methodolog-
ical difficulties or large statistical errors. However, these communities exhibit extreme spatial
8
this applies to both staff and regular users
4

7. and social clustering and hence behavioral patterns are so obvious that makes the observation
and monitoring straightforward. Traditional monitoring agents and differential before/after mea-
surements were used for the study. The detailed experimental binary type data, including the
eponymous photographic list of the ”standard candles”, can be found at the full text.
We encourage young scientists worldwide to attend the aforementioned establishments [12, 13]
and involve modern surveillance methods, such as:
6.1 Hacking
Hacking enables agents to break into computers and mobile phones, log keystrokes and access
data. Companies developing these techniques often use ”malware” (software used to illegally
steal people’s personal or financial details). These ”trojan” codes ” hijack individual computers
and phones (including iPhones, Blackberries and Androids), take over the device, record its every
use, movement, and even the sights and sounds of the room it is in” [7]. As offensive-security
manager at HackingTeam SLR Marco Valleri puts it: ”the goal is to overcome the fact that most
surveillance techniques are useless against encryption and can’t reach information that never
leaves the device... We can defeat that”[8]. In the United States, the FBI has used ”roving
bugs”, which entails the activation of microphones on mobile phones to enable the monitoring of
conversations [9].
6.2 Interception
Interception has developed into taking all the traffic from the internet and mobile phones, and
sending it through devices that inspect packets of data, determine their content, detect patterns,
and select what to copy for law enforcement agencies. As Brian McCann, the CEO of New
Jersey-based OnPath Technologies Inc, says, ”We can take a copy of everything coming through
our switch and dump it off to the FBI” [8].
6.3 Data analysis
All these massive amounts of data require sophisticated data analysis technology in order for it
to be useful. Corporations have been quick to exploit this ”need”, developing powerful software
to filter, store and analyse data. For instance, S8 has developed a programme to analyse data
gleaned from social networking sites, called Social Network Analysis (SNA). This enables it to
detect patterns, and thereby provide intelligence, about ”the structure of the network and the
importance of individuals within the network.” As the company’s brochure notes, ”Investigators
5

8. are typically buried in volumes of data - SNA helps them put a structure around this turn-
ing it into useful information... investigators need new tools to both understand the patterns
and relationships in the intercepted communications and to drill down and isolate individual
communications relevant to the case”.
7 Formal Implications
The discovery of a full blown implicit society at the center of Sydney provides a unique oppor-
tunity for direct and unambiguous evidence for quantum phenomena at the microtubules level
and at the same time an experimental arena for quantum phenomena.
In fact it is argued that the experimental evidence indicate the need for generalization of the
previous concepts at the level of any quantum field theory describing particle interactions. In
more details, we argue that any physical process at the fundamental level is described by an
effective potential. At the phase transition, the number of degenerate vacua gives the global
symmetry of the potential that is a discrete ZN symmetry, for instance. The corresponding
continuous i.e. SU(N) symmetry indicates that the orientation of the vacua could have been
arbitrary (given an existing background). However, before the phase transition, there is no
point referring to it (Mach’s Principle i.e. only relational definitions) 9
. Note that prior to the
phase transition, and when the symmetry is approximate one can claim that the background was
more symmetric: for example, initially the higher symmetry could be approximated by SU(∞)
- this brings to mind Maldacena’s: ’Large N limit of certain conformal field theories in various
dimensions include in their Hilbert space a sector describing supergravity on the product of
Anti-deSitter spacetimes, spheres and other compact manifolds’ - we don’t have SUSY here but
in any case the Holographic Principle does not assume it. After picking up a vacuum the ZN
symmetry breaks and the dynamical evolution starts due to the energy of the instantons (only
energy differences are important).
As an application of the latter, for example, one can show that the spatial interpolation
(solitons) between quantum mechanical vacua can account for the emergence of spatial dimensions
or particles (condensates) while the temporal interpolation (instantons) i.e. can account for the
emergence of time/interactions and temporal evolution/dimension. As a result, quantum nature
of space and time can be revealed. Dualities are understood as manifestations of the possibility
of time reversal symmetry restoration within the given spacetime.
9
this is consistent with the absence of continuum
6

9. 8 Acknowledgements
The Author is indebted to Jacob Zuma for his support throughout this project.
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[8] Quoted in: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203611404577044192607407780.html
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[10] http://projects.wsj.com/surveillance-catalog/documents/267794-documents-266211-
onpath-technologies-lawful/
[11] https://kirby.unsw.edu.au/sites/default/files/hiv/resources/2015
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11. [12]
[13]
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