Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to MELSA PP.pptx
Similar to MELSA PP.pptx (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
MELSA PP.pptx
- 1. MENINGITIS PRESENTED BY: MELSA WERE
- 2. INTRODUCTION Definition meningitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the meninges. Causes. Viral Bacterial Cancer Drugs/Chemical irritation fungal
- 3. Signs and symptoms In infants Jaundice Reduced appetite Sleepiness Irritability Lethargy Fever Constant crying In adults Headaches Seizures Fever Sleepiness Reduced appetite Sensitivity to bright light Stiff neck Lethargy Nausea and vomiting
- 4. Risk factors. Overcrowded places such as schools and barracks. Inadequate periods of rest Immunosuppression Extremes of age (<5 or >60 years) Diabetes mellitus
- 5. Complications. Seizures Hearing loss Vision loss Memory problems Arthritis Migraine headaches Brain damage Hydrocephalus
- 6. Diagnosis Comprehensive history and physical examination. Laboratory tests such as Lumber puncture, blood cultures, complete blood count Chest x-rays CT scan of the head
- 7. Prevention Maintaining healthy lifestyles e.g. adequate amounts of rest, smoking cessation and avoiding contact with sick people. Vaccinations: e.g. Haemophilus influenza type B, Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and meningococcal vaccine Good personal hygiene
- 8. Treatment. Viral meningitis. Bed rest Plenty fluids. NSAIDs Bacterial Meningitis. IV antibiotics Corticosteroids Drain infected sinuses or mastoids
- 9. Case study Patient: X Age: 13 years (male) Hospital: embu level 5. C/c Headache Dysuria Fever Neck pain
- 10. Case study cont.’ HPI (informant mother) Severe headache radiating to the back for 1/52. was of throbbing character accompanied with fever and one episode of vomiting which was non-bloody. HA worsened by activity and relieved by painkillers. No hx of fainting, loss of consciousness or blurring vision. Pt further reports hx of pain while urinating, the urine however is of normal color but with increased urgency and frequency of urination. No hx of polyphagia or polydipsia. Pt is reported to have had a hx of URTI 3/52 prior to illness which was treated with antibiotics and resolved after 3 days. There is recurrent episode of passing out blood stained stool that are not mucoid in nature. No hx of childhood illness.
- 11. PMH 2 admissions. First in 2007- had swollen leg and was taken to theater for incision and drainage NKFDA No hx of chronic illnesses Milestones Achieved appropriate milestones for age. No delay in milestones development
- 12. FSH Fifth born in a family of 7. Class 8 student. ROS Resp-no cough/chest pains, MWR, no masses CVS- no hx of bilateral pitting edema. GIT- loss of appetite, repeats nausea after feeding CNS- alert, well-oriented
- 13. Impression. Acute bacterial meningitis UTI Mild anemia secondary to UGIB
- 14. Plan. 1. Work ups (FHG, UECs, LFT, PITC) Urinalysis Pus cells 1.3/HPF and motile bacterial rods 2. IV antibiotics- IV ceftriaxone 2g bd 3. PO clarithromycin 250 mg bd 4. Hydration fluids 2l/24 hours 5. Monitor vitals 6. IV pcm 500 mg tds 3 days 7. Feeding- oral feeds 8. Omeprazole 40 mg bd 9. Ranferon 15 mls bd
- 15. THE END