Portfolio Part 2

1. CU Denver Anschutz MedicalCampus Physical Therapy
Human Growth and Development Portfolio
Samantha Jensen
Part 2
11/3/2014
This portfolio is being developed to be used as a study aide for the Human Growth and Development course. The information within
has been derived from power points, documents and lecture discussions as well as from the pages of the Functional Movement
Development text.

2. Samantha Jensen 2
HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
Tests and Measures in Pediatrics
Name of Test Areas of Development
covered in test
Type of test Age range of test Strengths and
weaknesses
ASQ-3 1
Ages and Stages
Questionnaire- 3rd
edition
Communication,Gross
Motor, Fine Motor,
Problem Solvingand
Personal-Social
Screening/ Self-Report/
Developmental and
functional/ Norm-
referenced
Parent-completed
Questionnaire
21 different
questionnaires available
that are used at
different ages called
‘intervals’
2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10,12, 14,
16, 18, 20, 22,24, 27,
30, 33, 36, 42,48, 54
and 60 months of age
1 months- 5 ½ years
1-66 months
Parent bias could give
the kids a higher score
than that which they
deserve givinga skewed
score.
In my experience, the
child I was monitoring
got a full scoreon the
ASQ but did not
demonstrate some of
the skillshismother
said hepossessed when
we did the PDMS
assessmentwith him.
The parent assessment
could be a benefit to
report on what the child
is ableto do that we
may not be ableto
observe provided that
the parent is being
honest and scoringtheir
child fairly.
High validity- 0.82-0.881
Test-retest reliability is
0.911
Inter-rater Reliability is
0.921
English,Spanish and
French 1
Name of Test Areas of Development
covered in test
Type of test Age range of test Strengths and
weaknesses
AIMS 2
Alberta InfantMotor
Scale
Motor Assessment of
the Developing Infant
58 items in 4 positions:
Prone
Supine
Diagnostic/
Developmental/
Physical Performance/
Norm-Referenced/
Standardized
Birth through 18
months
Based on chronological
or corrected age if child
was born prematurely
It is somewhat difficult
to get an infantto do
what you want them to
do. The parents were
present for our AIMS
lab and we would be

3. Samantha Jensen 3
HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
Sitting
Standing
Observation trying to get a certain
action out of the infant
and the parents would
insistthey can do it, but
we must observe itto
scoreit. Most babies
reflexively do a lot of
the items on this test
and we were ableto
observe many of them.
There were only few
that were hard to illicit.
Concurrent Validity is
0.97-0.98 2
Test-Retest Reliability is
0.99 2
Inter-rater Reliability is
0.99 2
Name of Test Areas of Development
covered in test
Type of test Age range of test Strengths and
weaknesses
PDMS-2 3,4
Peabody
Developmental Motor
Scales- 2nd edition
Gross Motor:
Reflexes
Stationary
Locomotion
Object Manipulation
Fine Motor:
Grasping
Visual-Motor
Integration
Developmental/
Standardized/
Diagnostic/ Norm-
Referenced/Physical
Performance
Birth through 71
months (Age 6)
The child being
monitored is only being
scored on what we as
the therapistare
directly ableto observe.
A child may have a skill,
but not demonstrate it
in front of the therapist
because of various
reasons such as
attitude, shyness,or
lack of motivation.
Takes 45-60 minutes to
administer the whole
test. Depending on the
age and the
temperament of the
child,this may pose a
problem. The kitalso
costs $945,so this is a
limitingfactor to
administeringthis
assessment.

4. Samantha Jensen 4
HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
Concurrent validity for
gross motor is 0.84 4
Concurrent validity for
fine motor is 0.90 4
Test-Retest Reliability is
between 0.73 and 0.89 3
Inter-Rater Reliability is
0.92 3
Name of Test Areas of Development
covered in test
Type of test Age range of test Strengths and
weaknesses
BOT-2 5
Bruinicks-Oseretsky
Test of Motor
Proficiency- 2nd edition
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Developmental/ Norm-
Referenced/ Diagnostic/
Physical Performance/
Standardized
4 years- 21 years 11
months
This test was slightly
easier to administer as
the age range is older
and the children area
bit more cooperative.
There is a kit that is
necessary for the
evaluation thatcosts
$1130,so this is a
limitation to the test.
Some of the materials
could probably be
substituted for other,
cheaper items.
Compared to other
tests, this test does not
seem to have significant
floor or ceilingeffects. 5
Internal Consistency
Reliability is0.97 5
Test-Retest Reliability
ranges from 0.52 to
0.95 5

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HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
Tests and Measures used with Pediatrics and Adults
Name of Test
Valid age
range of
test
Very basic procedures Differences between
pediatric and adult test
procedures
TUG- Timed Up and
Go- Child 7
3-13 years
old
 A practicetrial may be given, but make sure the
patient has an adequate rest period.An assistive
device may also be used
 Placean armchair againsta wall with a line3 meters
away from the front of the chair.
 Start position:The individual’s back isagainsttheback
of the chair and arms on the armrests
 Give the directions,“When I say ‘1, 2, 3, GO’, I would
likeyou to stand up, walk at your normal speed to the
lineon the floor,turn around, walk back to the chair,
and sitback down with your back againstthe back of
the chair.”
 Have the patient assumethe startposition and repeat
the instructions
 Time the assessmentwith a stopwatch.
 Complete two trials with adequaterest between trials.
The procedure for the adult
and the pediatric and
adolescentTUG assessment
were identical,but the
outcomes were different. The
normative 10-meter walk
time for the adult,ages (20-
70) TUG varied between 5.06
seconds and 8.71 seconds
whereas the normative 10-
meter walk time for pediatrics
and adolescents,ages 3 to 13,
was between 3 seconds and
13 seconds. This is because
much more development
occurs in childhood than
adulthood.7
TUG- Timed Up and
Go- Adult
20 years- 80
years
Name of Test Valid age
range of
test
Very basic procedures (Do not need to list all PBS/BBS
items)
Differences between
pediatric and adult test
procedures
Pediatric Balance
Scale6
5-15 years  The 14 tasks completed for the adultBerg BalanceScale
are very similarto those that are used for the Pediatric
BalanceScaleas well.They areslightly modified for this
age range and include:
 Sitting to Standing
 Standing to Sitting
 Transfers
 Standing unsupported: 30 seconds
 Sitting with back unsupported and feet supported on
the floor: 30 seconds
 Standing unsupported with eyes closed
 Standing unsupported with feet together: 30 seconds
 Standing unsupported one foot in front
 Standing on one leg:
 Turn 360 degrees
The Pediatric and Adult
balancetests are very similar
and contain the same scoring
system. The criteria for
scoringareslightly different
on a couple requiringonly 30
seconds rather than 2
minutes for completion.
Also,the pediatric scalegoes
in a slightly differentorder
than the Adult berg balance
scale.Finally,oneis set up
differently from the adult
counterpart. The reaching
task is completed from

6. Samantha Jensen 6
HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
 Turning to look behind left and right shoulders while
standing still
 Pick up object from the floor from a standing position
 Placing alternate foot on step stool while standing
unsupported
 Reaching forward with outstretched arm while sitting:
>10 inches
sittingfor the pediatric berg
whilethe adultreaching
assessmentis completed
from standing.6
Berg BalanceScale
Target age
>60 years
old
 Give written instructions or demonstrate each task if
necessary.
 Gather a stopwatch, a ruler,chairs with armrests and a
step stool.
 Ask the patient to complete the following14 activities
 Sitting to Standing: Ask the patient to stand up without
usinghands for support.
 Standing Unsupported: Ask the patient to stand for
two minutes without holdingon. If the subjectis ableto
stand two minutes unsupported, scorefull points and
proceed to number 4.
 Sitting with back unsupported but with feet supported
on the floor on a stool: Ask the patient to sitwith arms
folded for two minutes.
 Standing to Sitting: Ask the patient to sitdown.
 Transfers: Arrange the chair for a pivottransfer. Ask
the patient to transfer one way toward a seat with
armrests and one way toward a seatwithout armrests.
You may use two chairs or a bed and a chair.
 Standing unsupported with eyes closed: Ask the
patient to closetheir eyes and stand still for 10
seconds.
 Standing unsupported with feet together: Ask the
patient to put their feet together and stand without
holdingfor 1 minute.
 Reaching forward with outstretched arm while
standing: Ask the patient to stand with arm at 90
degrees. Ask them to stretch out their fingers and reach
forward as far as they can.Line ruler up with the
fingers.Tell them not to touch the ruler duringthe
exam. Record the distancethe patient is ableto reach.
>10 inches.
 Pick up an object from the floor from a standing
position: Ask the patient to pick up and object (i.e.
shoe/slipper) which is placed in frontof their feet.
 Turning to look behind over left and right shoulders
while standing: Ask the patient to turn and look
directly behind their right shoulder.Repeat to the left.
You may ask them to look at a specific pointbehind
them to encourage.

7. Samantha Jensen 7
HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
 Turn 360 degrees: ask the patient to turn completely
around in a full circle.Pause.Then turn in a circlethe
other direction.Less than 4 seconds each way.
 Place alternate foot on step or stool while standing
unsupported: Ask the patient to placeeach foot
alternately on the step/stool. Continue until each foot
has touched the step/stool four times. Record time. 8
steps within 20 seconds.
 Standing unsupported one foot in front: Ask the
patient to placeone foot directly in front of the other.
Hold for 30 seconds.
 Standing on one leg: Ask the patient to stand on one
leg as long as they can without holdingon up to 10
seconds.
Name of Test Valid age
range of
test
Very basic procedures Differences between
pediatric and adult test
procedures
Pediatric Reach
Test
2-12 years
old
Sitting: 8
 Have the child siton a flatsurfacewith no back or
sides,feet flaton the floor,hips in neutral and arms
restingon the lap.
 Ask them to sitfor 15 seconds, if this is completed
continue to the followingsteps.
 Ask the child to situp tall and extend their arm in front
of them to 90 degrees, elbow extended and wristin
neutral. Secure the measuringtape to the finger and
record the firstnumber. Ask the child to reach forward
as far as they can.Have them hold the end position for
three seconds and record the final tape measure
reading.
 Repeat on the oppositeside
Standing: 8
 Have the child stand comfortably with regular
footwear. Ask the child to stand for 15 seconds.If the
child can stand independently for 15 seconds continue
to the followingsteps.
 Ask the child to stand up straightand extend their arm
in front of them to 90 degrees, elbow extended and
wristin neutral. Secure the measuringtape to the
finger and record the initial reading.Havethe child
reach forward as far as they can and hold for 3
seconds.Record the final readingon the tape measure.
 Repeat on the oppositeside.
The procedures and scoring
for the two tests are similar
with a couple slight
deviations.The pediatric
reach test can be done from
sittingor standingand
requires the securingof a
tape measure to the child’s
finger and possiblea
motivatingfactor to reach for
or different instructions for
younger children.The
pediatric scaleis also requires
testing of both sides since
there may not be a dominant
arm yet. There is a time
constraintfor the pediatric
reach test of holdingthe
reach for 3 seconds whereas
the FRT does not have a time
requirement. 8
FRT- Functional
20 years to
87 years
 A practicetrial may be given
 Clientmust not be wearing shoes or socks

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HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
Reach Test- Adult  Position a yardstick atthe height of the acromion,
parallel to the floor
 Have the patient stand comfortablewith feet shoulder
width apart
 Ask the patient to extend their dominant armin front
on them to shoulder height with the palmfacingdown
and the hand in a fist.
 Record the location of the third metacarpal on the
yardstick.
 Ask the patient to reach forward as far as possible
without losingbalance,takinga step, liftingthe heels
or touching the wall or yardstick
 Record the location of the third metacarpal on the
yardstick
 Subtract the end position fromthe startposition to
obtain the number of inches reached
 Pausebefore next reach
 Complete 3 trials
Name of Test Valid age
range of
test
Very basic procedures Differences between
pediatric and adult test
procedures
10-Meter Walk-
Child
1-12 years
old
 Mark 10 meters on the floor with tape
 Proceed to mark a lineat 2 meters and 8 meters within
the 10-meter walkway.
 Ask the patient to walk at their preferred speed until
they reach the line10 meters away.
 Start the stopwatch after the first2 meters and stop it
at the 8-meter mark so you will betiming the walk for
the intermediate 6-meter portion.
The procedure for the
Pediatric and the Adult 10-
meter walk is the same. The
only thing that changes is
within the scoringportion of
the assessment.Adult gait
speed should be around 1.4
m/s whereas child speed
should be anywhere from
0.32 at 1 year old to 1.60 at
12 years old.This is again,
due to the amount of
development that occurs in
childhood versus adulthood.
10-Meter Walk-
Adult
20+ years
old,1.4 m/s
gaitspeed
occurs first
at age 6,
some may
not reach
until older

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HG&D Portfolio: Part 2
REFERENCES
ASQ-
1. http://agesandstages.com/. Accessed October 30, 2014.
AIMS-
2. Piper MC, Pinnell LE, Darrah J, Maguire T, Byrne PJ. Construction and validation of the Alberta InfantMotor Scale(AIMS). Ca n J
Public Health.1992;83 Suppl 2:S46-50.
PDMS-
3. Spittle AJ, Doyle LW, Boyd RN. A systematic review of the clinimetric properties of neuromotor assessments for preterm infants
duringthe firstyear of life.Dev Med Child Neurol.2008;50(4):254-66.
4. Wuang YP, Su CY, Huang MH. Psychometric comparisons of three measures for assessingmotor functions in preschool ers with
intellectual disabilities.JIntellectDisabil Res.2012;56(6):567-78.
BOT-2-
5. http://pearsonassess.ca/haiweb/Cultures/en-CA/Products/ProductDetail.htm?CS_ProductID=BOT-2&CS_Category=ot-motor-
visual-motor&CS_Catalog=TPC-CACatalog.Accessed October 30,2014.
Berg Balance Scale-
6. http://www.district287.org/clientuploads/SpecialEd/Forms/PhysicalTherapy/PediatricBalanceScale.Accessed October 30, 2014.
TUG-
7. Williams EN,Carroll SG,Reddihough DS, PhillipsBA, Galea MP. Investigation of the timed 'up & go' test in children.Developmental
medicine and child neurology.Aug 2005;47(8):518-524.
FRT-
8. Bartlett D, BirminghamT. Validity and reliability of a pediatric reach test. Pediatric physical therapy : the official publication of the
Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association.Summer 2003;15(2):84-92.