2-day-dba-oracle.pptx

Migration to the CDB
Architecture
30-APR-2020
Mike Dietrich
MasterProductManager
DatabaseUpgradeand Migrations
@MikeDietrichDE
LauraGarcia Villareal
OU PreSalesManager

Mike Dietrich
Master Product Manager
Database Upgrade and Migrations https://MikeDietrichDE.com
@MikeDietrichDE
Copyright©2020 Oracleand/or its affiliates.

Slides | https://MikeDietrichDE.com

Agenda
AutoUpgrade and CDB Migration
Oracle Multitenant
Further Information
1
2
3

AutoUpgrade
The recommended wayto
upgrade databases
Photo
by
Joshua
Sortino
on
Unsplash

Download | Get the latest autoupgrade.jar
• MOSNote:2485457
.
1

Upgrade | AutoUpgrade
upg>
Job Console
11.2.0.4
1
2
.
1
.0.2
1
2
.2.0.
1
18c
autoupgrade.jar
MOSNote:2485457
.
1
2MB
config.cfg
autoupgrade.jar
1
2
.2.0.
1
18.5.0
19c
19c

AutoUpgrade to Oracle 19c
Migration to
Oracle Multitenant
Photo
by
Mathias
Jensen
on
Unsplash

Oracle Multitenant | Oracle 19c
• You don't have to use Oracle Single-/Multitenant with Oracle 19c
• Oracle 18cand Oracle 19cbelong to the Oracle Database 12.2release family
• For further details see MOSNote:742060.
1

And by the way …
• Since Oracle 19cyou can have 3user-created PDBs without need
for a Multitenant license!!!
• https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/09/17/3-pdbs-included-with-oracle-19c-and-desupport-of-non-cdbs-with-20c/

Upgrade to 19c | Migration to Multitenant
Oracle 1
1
.2.04
CDB
Oracle 1
9.
7
.0
PDB$
SEED
CDB
Oracle 1
9.
7
.0
PDB
$
SEED
1
⃣ AutoUpgrade 2⃣ Plug into CDB
3️ noncdb_to_pdb.sql
Oracle 1
9.
7
.0
⃣ Conversionwith
AutoUpgrade One-Command Orchestration

AutoUpgrade | Migration to Multitenant
• Use this parameter in your config file
• The receiving CDB must be precreated already
#
# Specify the SID of the target CDB to plug into after upgrade
#
upg2.target_cdb=CDB2

Migration
Oracle Multitenant

• Non-CDB
• No change to
previous releases
Oracle Multitenant | Deployments 19c
• No extra license
• Available with SE2/ EE
• Three user-created
PDBsincluded
• SPFILE:max_pdbs=3
• CDB:Three T
enants • CDB:Multitenant
• Multitenant license
required
• Available with EE only
• Up to 252PDBs
• Up to 4096 PDBs in
the Cloud and on
Engineered Systems
PDB$
SEED
PDB$
SEED
…

Oracle Multitenant | Concept
CDB2
PDB$
SEED
CDB3
PDB$
SEED
PDB$
S
S
E
E
E
E
D
D
CDB1

Redo Control Flashback
spfile
PDB$
SEED
Oracle Multitenant | Resource Sharing

Oracle Multitenant | Connecting
• CDB$ROOT
• $> sqlplus / as sysdba
• PDB
• $> sqlplus "sys/oracle@PDB1 as sysdba"
• $> sqlplus "sys/oracle@//localhost/pdb1 as sysdba"
• $>
$>
export TWO_TASK=pdb1
sqlplus "sys/oracle as sysdba"
• Switch between containers
• SQL> alter session set container=pdb1;
• SQL> alter session set container=cdb$root;
CDB
PDB$
SEED
CDB
PDB$
SEED
CDB
PDB$
SEED

Oracle Multitenant | Resource Manager
• MAX_MBPS - maximum MB per second of I/O
• Can't be setin the CDB$ROOT and on Exadata
• Can be dynamically altered
• CPU Consumption
• CPU_COUNT - number of cpu cores
• Memory Management
• SGA_MIN_SIZE - minimum sga size
• IOResource Managment [IORM]
• MAX_IOPS - maximum I/O requests per second
Can be set on
PDB level

Oracle Multitenant | Components/Options
• Create CDBs with fewer options: DBCA's "CUSTOM" mode creation
• https://mikedietrichde.com/2018/08/08/creating-cdbs-non-cdbs-with-
less-options/

• Only "Advanced Configuration" +"Custom Database" gives you:
Be aware!
Be really aware!

• Remove or add options
• https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/07/26/remove-clean-components-
oracle-11-2-12-2/

Oracle Multitenant | catcon.pl
• Execute scripts with catcon.pl
• MOS Note: 1932340.1- How to execute sql scripts in Multitenant environment
(catcon.pl)
• Example: Run preupgrade_fixups.sql in all containers
$> $ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin/perl
$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catcon.pl
-n 1
-d $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs/UPGR/preupgrade
-l /home/oracle/upgrade
-b preupfix
preupgrade_fixups.sql

Oracle Multitenant | Local Undo
• Default since Oracle 1
2
.2.0.
1
• Requirement for Flashback Pluggable Database,Hot Cloning and other features
• InSTARTUP UPGRADE mode: SQL> alter database local undo ON;
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
UNDO
DATA
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
UNDO
DATA
SYSTEM
SYSAUX
TEMP
UNDO
CDB
PDB$
SEED

Oracle Multitenant | Creation of a PDB
• Fast provisioning:
• Admin user can be deleted afterwards
• PDB is readyto use within seconds
create pluggable database PDB1
admin user adm identified by pwd
file_name_convert=('pdbseed',’pdb1');
CDB1
PDB$
SEED

• Local cloning:
Oracle Multitenant | Cloning of a PDB
• Remote cloning via Database Link:
create pluggable database PDB2 from
PDB1 file_name_convert=('pdb1','pdb2')
parallel 8;
create pluggable database PDB1 from
PDB1@dblink_to_cdb1
file_name_convert=('CDB1','CDB2');
P
P
D
D
B
B
$
$
S
S
E
E
E
E
D
D
CDB1
• parallel can speed up the process
• Default:cpu_count
• Monitoring in
v$session_longops
• kpdbfCopyTaskCbk (datafile copy)
• kcrfremnoc (redo file copy)
PDB$
SEED
CDB1
PDB$
SEED
CDB2

Oracle Multitenant | Hot Cloning insights
DataFile2
DataFile1 Undo
 Source PDB remains open for read and write
 Read and copy in parallel
 On-going operations imply a “dirty read”
 Some data changes not included in initial file copy
 Ship and apply redo to catch up with source
 Apply undo to rollback uncommitted transactions
DataFile1 DataFile2
Undo
Redo Log
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Legend
Uncommitted block
changed in interval
Block changed in interval
Committed in interval
Uncommitted redo
Undo written in interval
Committed in interval
🗸
🗸

Oracle Multitenant | Relocate a PDB
• Relocate via Database Link:
create pluggable database PDB1 from PDB1@dblink_to_cdb1
relocate availability max
file_name_convert=('/oradata/CDB1/pdb1','/oradata/CDB2/pdb1');
CDB2
PDB$
SEED
CDB1
Redo
PDB$
SEED
Redo

Oracle Multitenant | Upgrade and Plugin
• Shutdown database
• Plug into CDB
• Sanityscript
• https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/03/08/converting-an-12-1-non-cdb-and-plug-it-into-an-12-2-cdb/
• Upgrade non-CDB to CDB version
• Startdatabaseread only
• Create XML manifest file
exec DBMS_PDB.DESCRIBE('PDB1.xml');
create pluggable database PDB1
using ('PDB1.xml') nocopy tempfile reuse;
start ?/rdbms/admin/noncdb_to_pdb.sql
PDB$
SEED
PDB1
xml
Read Only
CDB1
noncdb_to_pdb.sql

Oracle Multitenant | noncdb_to_pdb.sql
• Sanity script when plugging in a stand-alone database
• Irreversible
• Runs only once in the life of a database
• Rerunnable starting with 1
2
.2
• Runtime depends ...
• See also:
https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/06/08/noncdb_to_pdb-sql-take-long/

Oracle Multitenant | Full Transportable Export/Import
• Create a newPDB
• Create a database link
• Set tablespaces read only in source
• Copy data files
• Run impdp:
impdp oow/passwd@PDB1
NETWORK_LINK=DB1 VERSION=12 FULL=Y
TRANSPORTABLE=ALWAYS METRICS=Y
LOGFILE=oow_dir:src112fullimp.log
TRANSPORT_DATAFILES='/oradata/ts1.dbf' …
CDB1
PDB$
SEED
Tablespaces
ReadOnly
impdp
Database
Link

Oracle Multitenant | Upgrade
Everything at once Unplug +Plug +Upgrade
CDB1
CDB1
PDB$
SEED
PDB$
S
S
E
E
E
E
D
D
CDB1
CDB2
P
PD
DB
B$
$
S
S
E
E
E
E
D
D
Upgrade
Upgrade
Upgrade
Upgrade
PD
Up
Bg
$
rade
SEED

Oracle Multitenant | PDB Archive
• Unplug the PDB including all files
ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1
UNPLUG INTO '/home/oracle/pdb1.pdb'
$ unzip pdb1.pdb
Archive: pdb1.pdb
inflating: system01.dbf
inflating: sysaux01.dbf
inflating: undotbs01.dbf
warning: stripped absolute path spec from /home/oracle/pdb1.xml
inflating: home/oracle/pdb1.xml
• See also:
https://mikedietrichde.com/2017/05/22/issue-with-pdb-archives-in-oracle-12-2-0-1-in-asm

Oracle Multitenant | Save State
• You need to startup a PDB
• ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 OPEN;
• By default PDBs need to be started manually
• ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 SAVE STATE;
• This preserves the last state of a PDB
• ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASE pdb1 DISCARD STATE;
• This removes anystate preservation

Oracle Multitenant | CON_ID
• Views:
• USER_...
• ALL_...
• DBA_...
• CDB_... - CDB_views have CON_ID column
• Plus some very creative names:PDB_...
• CON_ID
• 0:
• 1
:
• 2:
• 3-4096:
Pertains to the entire database
Object belongs to CDB$ROOT container
Object belongs to PDB$SEED
Set_exclude_seed_cdb_view=FALSE tosee PDB$SEED's objects
Object belongs to PDB with this CON_ID

Oracle Multitenant | Character Sets
• Since Oracle 1
2
.2.0.
1
:
• Mix of different character sets is possible
• CDB$ROOT must be AL32UTF8 to allow mixtures
Photo
by
Erik
Eastman
on
Unsplash

Oracle Multitenant | Flashback PDB
• Requirement:Local Undo configured
• How to?
• SQL> alter session set container=PDB1;
• SQL> create restore point GRP guarantee flashback database;
• <…do something…>
• SQL> shutdown immediate
• SQL> flashback pluggable database PDB1 to restore point GRP;
• SQL> alter pluggable database PDB1 open resetlogs; *
• SQL> drop restore point GRP;

Multitenant | Silent Compatible Change
• Be aware when you
unplug/plug between
different environments
• Default COMPATIBLE=19.0.0
• PDB's COMPATIBLE =CDB$ROOT's COMPATIBLE
 No issue
• PDB's COMPATIBLE <CDB$ROOT's COMPATIBLE
 PDB's COMPATIBLE will be increased automatically
 No PDB downgrade will be possible in this case!
• PDB's COMPATIBLE >CDB$ROOT's COMPATIBLE
 PDB can't be plugged in
Automatically
COMPATIBLE=12.2.0
COMPATIBLE=19.0.0
COMPATIBLE=19.0.0
CDB1
PDB$
SEED
CDB2
PDB$
SEED

Migration Strategies
Migration to and Fallback
with Oracle Multitenant
Photo
by
Jackman
Chiu
on
Unsplash

Move to Multitenant | High Level Overview
• Two approaches
• Upgrade to matching version of CDB, then plugin as new PDB, then run sanity
script
• Migrate directly into PDB with Data Pump, TTS or FTEX
• Every approach requires unpredictable, often significant downtime
• Can be reduced with Oracle GoldenGate
• Proven upgrade fallback strategiesdon't work
• Export/import with Data Pump necessary as fallback
• Oracle GoldenGate can be used on top

Move to Multitenant | Typical Pitfalls
• DB components (e.g.Spatial, Label Security, Java etc.) not matching
• Patch levels
• noncdb_to_pdb.sql requires downtime
• Some features work differently
• Unified Auditing
• Standbyimplementation, especially in ASM
• Performance monitoring,e.g.AWR

Move to Multitenant | Your "best" friend
• PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS
• select con_id, type, message, status from PDB_PLUG_IN_VIOLATIONS
where status<>'RESOLVED' order by time;

Non-CDB to CDB | Migrate with any technique
• Includes Data Pump, Transportable Tablespaces etc.
Oracle 10.1.0.2
new PDB
CDB
Oracle 19.5.0
PDB$
SEED
1⃣ Provision
2⃣ Migrate

Move to Multitenant | TTS Migration
Code
Grants
Trigger
DATA
TS
Alter User
Copy tablespace files DATA
TS
Source - non-CDB T
arget - PDB
Views S
S
e
e
t
t
t
t
a
a
b
b
l
e
l
e
s
s
p
p
a
a
c
c
e
e
s
s
r
r
e
e
a
a
d
d-w
-
o
r
n
i
t
l
y
e
Rebuild logic (
E
c
o
x
p
d
o
e
r
,t
v
/
i
i
e
m
w
p
s
o
,rgtr
at
anbtsle,s
r
p
o
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l
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s
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,c
s
y
o
n
n
o
t
e
n
n
y
t
m
i
n
sfeotc)
Views
Code
Grants
Trigger
CreaCtreeanteewUCsDerB/PDB
PDB$
SEED
PDB

Non-CDB to CDB | Data Pump with Dumpfile
Oracle 11.2.0.4
new PDB
CDB
Oracle 19.3.0
PDB$
SEED
1⃣ Provision
2⃣ expdp
DUMP FILE
DUMP FILE
3⃣ impdp

Non-CDB to CDB | Data Pump over NETWORK_LINK
Oracle 11.2.0.4
new PDB
CDB
Oracle 19.3.0
PDB$
SEED
1⃣ Provision
2
3
impdp with
⃣ NETWORK_LINK
⃣ Create
DB Link

Non-CDB to CDB | Fallback: Data Pump w. dumpfile
Oracle 11.2.0.4
Oracle 19.3.0
CDB
PDB$
SEED
1⃣
2
expdp with
VERSION=11.2.0.4
DUMP FILE DUMP FILE
⃣ impdp

Non-CDB to CDB | Upgrade
Oracle 11.2.0.4
AutoUpgrade
to
Oracle
19c
Oracle 19.5.0
Oracle 19.5.0
CDB
PDB$
SEED
Oracle 19.5.0
CDB
PDB$
SEED
1️
2️⃣ Plug into CDB
3️⃣ noncdb_to_pdb.sql

Non-CDB to CDB | Upgrade - Fallback
Oracle 11.2.0.4
AutoUpgrade
to
Oracle
19c
Oracle 19.5.0
Oracle 19.5.0
CDB
PDB$
SEED
Oracle 19.5.0
CDB
PDB$
SEED
1️
2️⃣ Plug into CDB
3️⃣ noncdb_to_pdb.sql
Flashback
to GRP

Move to Multitenant | Fallback for upgrades?
• Move to Multitenant is always a "Migration"
• Usual techniques don't exist
• No downgrade
• No flashback to GRP
• Only available options
• Data Pump export/import
• Oracle GoldenGate

A typical example from the Real W
orld
Migrating to Oracle Multitenant with a
distant physical standby database in place

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Initial Setup
Oracle 12.1.0.2
PROD
10 TB size
Oracle 12.1.0.2
STBDY
10 TB size
100 km distance
Maximum Protection

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | AutoUpgrade
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
Oracle 12.1.0.2
STBDY
Disable Broker - Defer Log Transport
Oracle 12.1.0.2
PROD

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Upgrade
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
Oracle 12.1.0.2
STBDY
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
Enable Log Transport
Enable Broker

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Upgrade
Oracle 12.1.0.2
STBDY
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
Upgrade
via
Redo
Apply

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Creation of CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
PDB$
SEED
CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
PDB$
SEED

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Conversion
Oracle 19.7.0 Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
PDB$
SEED
CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
PDB$
SEED
PDB1
xml
Read Only
noncdb_to_pdb.sql
(runtime varies)
ASM
PROD
Alias
List
Execute in standby ASM instance
>> DOWNTIME <<

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Plugin of STBY
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
PROD
PDB$
SEED
CDB
Oracle 19.7.0
STBDY
PDB$
SEED
>> DOWNTIME <<

Non-CDB to CDB with Standby | Plugin of STBY
• Read more …
• Data Guard PM:
http://www.stepi.net/2019/06/08/to-cdb-or-not-to-cdb-thats-the-question/
• MAA T
eam:
MOSNote:2273304.
1
Reusing the Source Standby Database Files When Plugging a non-CDB as a
PDB into the Primary Database of a Data Guard Configuration

Move to Multitenant | Summary
• Every migration is an architectural change
• Every migration requires downtime
• Incremental backup procedures can lower migration downtime
• Oracle GoldenGate can help decreasing the downtime

https://mikedietrichde.com/2019/07/22/database-migration-from-non-cdb-to-pdb-overview/

Further Information
Finally …

HOL | https://MikeDietrichDE.com

Questions?
Thank you for your attention!

68
Oracle University
Training Solutions
Laura Garcia Villarreal
OU PreSales Manager
April 2020
Laura.x.Garcia@oracle.com

Introducing Oracle University
Learning Methods
Oracle DatabaseMultitenant Training
Program Agenda

Introducing Oracle University
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certification for Oracle technologies and products.

Oracle University ProvidesTraining Options for Every Learner and Business
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available via streaming
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Multitenant Training
• Inside Database Administration training path
• Versions supported:19c, 18c and 1
2
c
• 4 days training
• Main topics: CDB basics, PDB Creation, Security, Upgrades
Methods, Backup&Duplicate,Storage, Data Movement…
• Multitenant environment available to run labs

75
Contact Me
Laura Garcia Villarreal
OU PreSales Manager
April 2020
Laura.x.Garcia@oracle.com

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