4. • Medulloblastoma patients are either classified as
standard-risk patients or otherwise as high-risk
patients . This risk stratification is unsatisfactory in
predicting outcome, with under- or over-treatment as
possible consequences. An improved disease sub-
classification is therefore urgently required. In addition,
a better insight into the molecular biology of
medulloblastoma may lead to the development and
application of novel therapies.
• Cytogenetic studies and comparative genomic
hybridization (CGH) studies have identified at the
mRNA expression level and characterized genomic
abnormalitie many chromosomal aberrations.
Mutations in Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway genes
(PTCH1, SUFU) are found in approximately 25% of
medulloblastomas, and in WNT pathway genes (β-
catenin, APC, AXIN) in approximately 15% of the cases