Roads to be travelled

www.pwc.co.uk
!"#$% &'%()#*+,-+)%,'
*"%,,.$(.&'
!"#$%&'"&()&'*#+),,)$&
&
!"#$%&'()*+,(

&
-'."&/0#&'1$23&4$$5&'3(66-7(+(89%0:;9&:#(-<0"&7(6$:=$:(>4)?(@AB(
CD(EFF(G*H()*(I,JK(,***7(LD(EFF(G*H()*(I)+)(F@,)7(///M5/"M"$M2;(
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England with registered number OC303525. The registered office of
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is 1 Embankment Place, London WC2N 6RH.PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority
for designated investment business.
/0).10)2'
)-"."/0-&1*"2'34&&
5"2)+)*6&#.&)78#,,9&:#%-0.#'0.1&%'"*9&3#%&()).&8.:",$0.1&'3#'&3",$%&/"*)&;*":"8.$&%01.0:0-#.-)&:"*&
; &
<.$))$6&8.'0,&*)-).',96&+)*9&,0'',)&#'').'0".&"8'%0$)&=30.#&3#%&()).&$)+"')$&'"&8.$)*%'#.$0.1&'3)&
)-"."/0-&/0*#-,)&":&*)-).'&$)-#$)%4&&>'0,,&,)%%&3#%&()).&$)+"')$&'"&'3)&0.-*)#%0.1,9&8*1).'&78)%'0".&":&
3"2&'3)&-"8.'*9&20,,&/))'&0'%&:8'8*)&.8'*0'0".#,&.))$%4&&
*)-"1.0'0".&":&'3)&0/;"*'#.-)&":&'30%&'";0-&2)&3#+)&;*"$8-)$&'30%&;#;)*&'"&3013,013'&'3)&/"%'&
.8'*0'0".#,&.))$%4&&
?)&3";)&0'&20,,&%'0/8,#')&$0%-8%%0".&20'3&*)1#*$&'"&'3)&)-"."/0-6&).+0*"./).'#,&#.$&%"-0#,&
*#/0:0-#'0".%&":&'3)%)&0%%8)%&#.$&0.%;0*)&#-'0".&'"&#$$*)%%&-3#,,).1)%&#.$&-#;0'#,0%)&".&";;"*'8.0'0)%4&
@8*'3)*/"*)6&2)&2"8,$&2),-"/)&'3)&";;"*'8.0'9&'"&$0%-8%%&'3)&0%%8)%&*#0%)$&0.&'30%&;#;)*&20'3&9"8&
#.$&/#9&()&*)#-3)$&+0#&'3)&-".'#-'&0.:"*/#'0".&;*"+0$)$&(),"24&
&
&
A"8*%&%0.-)*),9&
!
& ! !
"#$%&!'&()*! +&,-(./!0%.*#12)3!
B2=&B#*'.)*6&=30.#&C8%0.)%%&D*"8;& E1*0-8,'8*)&E$+0%"*&'"&B2=&
&

Roads to be travelled PwC Contents
&
!0$-.$-&'
3+44%)5' 6
!"#$%'%$2'%()#*+,-+).7'80%2&'-0'9.'-)%:.,,.2' ;
42)1#567&2)! 8
"#669:! ;
"#669:!,2)17.(&)71! <8
=2>%.)5%)7!()/!7-%!(*.&,#97#.%!1%,72.! ?<
<90+-'=1!' ;>
=92@(9!A*.&@#1&)%11!B%7$2.C! ?D
4-&)(!E#1&)%11!=.2#6! ?D
F$4!42)7(,71! ?D
&
&

challenges
Roads to be travelled PwC 1
&
F+0$).-)&":&#.&)-"."/0-&%,"2$"2.&0.&=30.#&0%&
$)/".%'*#')$&-,)#*,9&(9&'3)&,)#$0.1&0.$0-#'"*%&":&
:#,,0.1&-"//"$0'0)%&;*0-)%4&>":'&-"//"$0'0)%&;*0-)%&
3#+)&;#*#,,),)$&'3)&$)-,0.)&":&-";;)*6&"0,&#.$&1#%&0.&
*)-).'&/".'3%4&C8'&'3)*)&0%&#&%01.0:0-#.'&$0::)*).-)&
()'2)).&'3)/4&=30.#&0%&,0G),9&'"&%30:'&0'%&)-"."/0-&
)/;3#%0%&:*"/&#&3013H0.+)%'/).'6&)I;"*'H$*0+).&
/"$),&'"2#*$%&".)&%;8**)$&(9&$"/)%'0-&
-".%8/;'0".4&<.&-*8$)6&#,/"%'&%0/;,0%'0-6&')*/%6&
/#.8:#-'8*0.1&#.$&0.:*#%'*8-'8*)&%;).$0.1&%,"2%&
230,)&#&%)*+0-)H,)$&)-"."/9&)/)*1)%&"+)*&'0/)4&J38%6&
230,)&'3)*)&/013'&()&%"/)&%3"*'H')*/&#$K8%'/).'6&
1*"20.1&#::,8).-)&%3"8,$&*)/#0.&'3)&."*/4&<.&%3"*'6&
'3)&.))$&'"&(80,$&(*0$1)%6&30132#9%&#.$&-"//)*-0#,&
;*";)*'9&20,,&()-"/)&,)%%&;*"/0.).'&(8'&$0)'%&20,,&
-".'0.8)&'"&-3#.1)4&J30%&20,,&;,#-)&)."*/"8%&(8*$).%&
".&#.&#,*)#$9&-3#,,).1)$&$"/)%'0-&:""$&%9%')/&#.$&
3#+)&%01.0:0-#.'&*#/0:0-#'0".%&".&0.')*.#'0".#,&'*#$)&
0.&#1*0-8,'8*)4(
J3)&#+)*#1)&=30.)%)&)#'%&%"/)&LMG1&":&/)#'&#&9)#*6&
#.&0.-*)#%)&":&NNG1&:*"/&OPPQ&23).&%"/)&RSG1&;)*&
;)*%".&2#%&-".%8/)$4&<:&=30.)%)&/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&
/0**"*%&"'3)*&$)+),";)$&=30.)%)&%"-0)'0)%&"+)*&'0/)6&
2)&-#.&#%%8/)&J#02#. %&-8**).'&MRG1&-".%8/;'0".&0%&
#&*)#,0%'0-&,".1H')*/&)I'*#;",#'0".4&J"&%#'0%:9&'30%&
0.-*)#%)$&-".%8/;'0".6&=30.#&20,,&*)780*)&#.&
#$$0'0".#,&TR/.&'"..)%&":&-"*.&#.$&%"9()#.%&:"*&
:))$%'"-G4&<.&'8*.6&'30%&20,,&*)780*)&#.&#$$0'0".#,&
NL/.&3)-'#*)%&":&#1*0-8,'8*#,&,#.$& &#.&#*)#&'3)&%0U)&
":&F.1,#.$&#.$&?#,)%& &230-3&=30.#&%0/;,9&$")%&
."'&3#+)4&
<.-*)#%0.1&/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&/#.0:)%')$&0'%),:&0.&
=30.#&,"%0.1&0'%&.)#*&%),:H%8::0-0).-9&0.&%"9()#.%& &#&
G)9&:))$%'"-G4&?30,)&0'&2#%&(#*),9&%),:H%8::0-0).'&0.&'3)&
NTMP%&#.$&NTVP%6&:*"/&'3)&,#')&NTTP%6&=30.)%)&
0/;"*'%&":&%"9()#.%&3#+)&%')#$0,9&0.-*)#%)$&#.$&."2&
*);*)%).'&VMW&":&-".%8/;'0".4&="*.& &'3)&"'3)*&
/#K"*&:))$%'"-G& &0%&#'&'3)&()10..0.1&":&#&'*#K)-'"*96&
230-3&20,,&,0G),9&;*"+)&%0/0,#*&'"&'3)&)I;)*0).-)&":&
%"9()#.%4&=30.#&."2&0/;"*'%&#&%/#,,&78#.'0'9&":&-"*.&
-"/;#*)$&'"&'3)&;#%'&23).&0'&2#%&%),:H%8::0-0).'4&
>0/8,'#.)"8%,96&23)#'&#.$&*0-)& &'3)&/#0.&:""$&-*";%&
:"*&38/#.&-".%8/;'0".& &#*)&K8%'&%),:H%8::0-0).'4&
J3)%)&$)/#.$&;*)%%8*)%&3#+)&()).&#81/).')$&(9&
%8;;,9H%0$)&-".%'*#0.'%&%8-3&#%&$0/0.0%3)$&:#*/,#.$6&
;",,8')$&*0+)*%6&$);,)')$&#780:)*%6&"+)*8%)&":&
:)*'0,0%)*%6&8.-,)#*&"2.)*%30;&":&:#*/,#.$&#.$&#.&
#*-3#0-&,)1#,&-"$)4&@0I0.1&'3)%)&'#G)%&'0/)6&-#;0'#,&#.$&
)::"*'6&230-3&0%&239&'3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&0%&
'#-G,0.1&'3)%)&-3#,,).1)%&20'3&#&(*"#$&*#.1)&":&
/)#%8*)%4&!)-).'&;",0-9&%-3)/)%&0.-,8$)&'3)&
,0()*#,0%#'0".&":&,)#%0.1&#-'0+0'96&'3)&;*"/"'0".&":&
,#*1)H%-#,)&/)-3#.0%)$&:#*/%6&'#-G,0.1&,#.$&#.$&2#')*&
;",,8'0".&#.$&'3)&*)%'*8-'8*0.1&":&
#1*0-8,'8*#,&%8(%0$0)%4&
E%&#1*0-8,'8*)&/"$)*.0%)%6&-"/;#.0)%6&230-3&'3*"813&
')-3.","19&-#.&'*#.%:"*/&90),$%6&).3#.-)&"8';8'&"*&
#,,"-#')&*)%"8*-)%&/"*)&)::0-0).',96&20,,&/#G)&
%01.0:0-#.'&1#0.%4&>"&'""&20,,&-"/;#.0)%&'3#'&-#.&
$),0+)*&%)-8*)6&%#:)&#.$&%8%'#0.#(,)&%"8*-)%&":&:""$4&
D,"(#,&:0*/%&'3#'&-#.&;*"+0$)&%)*+0-)%&%8-3&#%&$010'#,&
/#;;0.16&%"0,&#.#,9%0%6&;*)-0%0".&:#*/0.16&2#%')&
/#.#1)/).'6&'*#-)#(0,0'9&#.$&%"&".&20,,&:0.$&
%8(%'#.'0#,&";;"*'8.0'0)%4&
>),:H%8::0-0).-9&0%&."&,".1)*&#&;*#-'0-#,&;",0-9&1"#,&:"*&
=30.#4&J3)&1"+)*./).'&#;;)#*%&'"&*)-"1.0%)&20'3&0'%&
;*0"*0'0)%&%30:'0.1&'"2#*$%&3013H+#,8)&-*";%6&%8-3&#%&
:*80'%&#.$&+)1)'#(,)%6&#.$&#&:"-8%&".&78#,0'9&#.$&:""$&
%#:)'94&>0/8,'#.)"8%,96&=30.#&0%&+).'8*0.1&"+)*%)#%&'"&
(",%')*&0'%&:""$&%)-8*0'9&'3"813&0.+)%'/).'%&0.&:"*)01.&
:#*/,#.$&#.$&'3)&#-780%0'0".&":&-"/;#.0)%&#-*"%%&'3)&
(*"#$)*&:""$&+#,8)&-3#0.4&J30%&0%&23)*)&'3)&1,"(#,&
0/;#-'&":&=30.# %&0.-*)#%0.1&:""$&.))$%&20,,&()&:),'&
/"%'&#-8'),94&E,*)#$96&.8/)*"8%&-"8.'*0)%&3#+)&
)*)-')$&(#**0)*%&'"&:"*)01.&"2.)*%30;&":&:#*/,#.$&#%&#&
*)%;".%)&'"&,#.$&;8*-3#%)&(9&-"8.'*0)%&%8-3&#%&=30.#4&
<.&%"/)&-#%)%&'30%&#,*)#$9&)I').$%&'"&'3)&#-780%0'0".&
":&:""$&-"/;#.0)%4&5"2)+)*6&'3)%)&#-780%0'0".&'*).$%6&
$*0+).&(9&$"/)%'0-&;",0-9&0/;)*#'0+)%6&#*)&,0G),9&
'"&-".'0.8)4&
&
3+44%)5'

challenges
=30.# %&%0U)6&%-#,)&#.$&0'%&-".%)78).'&0/;#-'&".&#.9&
(8%0.)%%&%)-'"*&1,"(#,,9&3#+)&()-"/)&#,/"%'&#&-,0-3X&
'"&'3)&/#.9&"(%)*+)*%6&#.#,9%'%&#.$&2#'-3)*%&":&'3)&
2"*,$ %&%)-".$&,#*1)%'&)-"."/94&@*"/&'3)&)I;"*'&":&
')I'0,)%6&),)-'*".0-%&#.$&'"9%&'"&'3)&0/;"*'&":&0*".&"*)&
#.$&-";;)*6&#'').'0".&3#%&%20'-3)$&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%&
'"2#*$%&"'3)*&%)-'"*%& &/"%'&."'#(,9&#1*0-8,'8*)4&<'&
3#%&()-"/)&0.-*)#%0.1,9&#;;#*).'&'3#'&#&/"*)&
#::,8).'&#.$&/"*)&8*(#.0%)$&=30.#&0%&)I;)*0).-0.1&#&
$*#/#'0-&0.-*)#%)&0.&'3)&-".%8/;'0".&":&:""$& &
%;)-0:0-#,,9&/)#'& &#.$&'30%&'""&20,,&3#+)&#&1,"(#,&
0/;#-'4&5"2&2)&-#/)&'"&'30%&;"0.'&0%&."'&#&%0/;,)6&
%'*#013':"*2#*$&%'"*9&":&1*"20.1&#::,8).-)4&J"&
8.$)*%'#.$&'3)&.8#.-)6&2)&.))$&'"&,""G&0.&$)'#0,&#'&
3"2&=30.)%)&:""$&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&-3#.1)$&"+)*&
*)-).'&$)-#$)%4&
?30,)&/"%'&#.#,9%0%&#;;*"#-3&'30%&0%%8)&:*"/&#&
.#'0".#,&,)+),6&#&-"/;,)')&;0-'8*)&".,9&)/)*1)%&(9&
-".%0$)*0.1&'3*))&:#-'"*%Y& &NZ&'3)&-3#.1)&0.&;)*&
-#;0'#&-#,"*0)%&-".%8/)$&#.$&0'%&-"/;"%0'0".6&OZ&
-".%8/;'0".&;#'')*.%&":&%;)-0:0-&-"//"$0'9&1*"8;%&
;)*&-#;0'#6&#.$&QZ&'3)&"+)*#,,&$)/#.$&#.$&%8;;,9&":&
-"//"$0'0)%&#'&.#'0".#,&,)+),4&J#G0.1&#,,&'3*))&
'"1)'3)*&;*"+0$)%&-,)#*&0.%013'%&0.'"&=30.)%)&:""$&
-".%8/;'0".&;#'')*.%&#.$&"::)*%&0.$0-#'"*%&:"*&
'3)&:8'8*)4&
&
& (
&
!"#$%'%$2'%()#*+,-+).7'80%2&'-0'
9.'-)%:.,,.2'

ricultural challenges
!0$&+4?-#0$'
=".%0$)*&'3)&'#(,)&(),"2 &0'&3013,013'%&$#0,9&-#,"*0)&-".%8/;'0".&;)*&;)*%".&#-*"%%&#&*#.1)&":&-"8.'*0)%&"+)*&
'3)&;#%'&:0+)&$)-#$)%4&<.&NTMN6&'3)&#+)*#1)&=30.)%)&-".%8/)$&K8%'&#("8'&SPW&":&'3#'&":&'3)&#+)*#1)&E/)*0-#.&"*&
C*0'".4&=30.)%)&-".%8/;'0".&,)+),%&2)*)&#,%"&,"2)*&'3#.&'3#'&":&0'%&.)013("8*%&[#,#9%0#6&J3#0,#.$&#.$&
0)'.#/4&B#*'&":&'3)&*)#%".&:"*&'30%&2#%&'3#'&=30.#&3#$&%8::)*)$&1*)#',9&8.$)*&'3)&D*)#'&])#;&@"*2#*$&#.$&'3)&
3"**"*%&":&'3)&=8,'8*#,&!)+",8'0".&3#$&*)#-3)$&#&;)#G4&5"2)+)*6&:",,"20.1&'3)&,0()*#,0%#'0".&;*"-)%%&0.&NTMV6&
=30.#&-#813'&8;&*#;0$,9&20'3&'3)&*)%'&":&'3)&2"*,$4&C9&OPNN6&'3)&#+)*#1)&=30.)%)&2#%&-".%8/0.1&/"*)&-#,"*0)%&
;)*&$#9&'3#.&'3)&#+)*#1)&[#,#9%0#.6&J3#06&<.$".)%0#.6&@0,0;0."6&0)'.#/)%)&#.$&)+).&^#;#.)%)4&["*)&
0/;"*'#.',96&-#,"*0)&-".%8/;'0".&2#%&:#%'&#;;*"#-30.1&'3)&,)+),%&":&>"8'3&_"*)#6&'3)&`_&#.$&'3)&`>4&
Consumption (kcal/capita/day)
Total calories 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
China 1,863 2,178 2,444 2,819 3,074
Indonesia 1,964 2,315 2,356 2,424 2,713
Malaysia 2,527 2,747 2,650 2,822 2,855
South Korea 2,899 2,970 2,950 3,080 3,329
Thailand 2,194 2,198 2,245 2,578 2,757
Philippines 1,837 2,221 2,214 2,374 2,608
Vietnam 1,957 2,004 1,856 2,298 2,703
UK 3,245 3,091 3,210 3,402 3,414
US 3,052 3,218 3,522 3,709 3,639
Japan 2,729 2,750 2,934 2,890 2,719
&
N$2'"&D(LO!(
&
E'&:0*%'&1,#.-)6&0'&#;;)#*%&"(+0"8%&'3#'&1*"2'3&0.&=30.)%)&;)*&-#;0'#&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&%,"2)$&$"2.4&E.&)#%9&
-".-,8%0".6&230-3&-"8,$&()&$*#2.6&0%&'3#'&%0.-)&0'&0%&-,"%)&'"&'3)&,)+),%&":&$)+),";)$&-"8.'*0)%6&:8'8*)&1*"2'3&0%&
,0G),9&'"&()&/8')$4&5"2)+)*6&-".%0$)*0.1&'"'#,&-#,"*0)%&-".%8/)$&#,".)&$0%'"*'%&'3)&;0-'8*)4&=".%0$)*&'3)&'#(,)%&
(),"2Y&$#0,9&;)*&-#;0'#&-#,"*0)%&-".%8/)$&:*"/&+)1)'#,&%"8*-)%&#.$&#.0/#,&%"8*-)%&%);#*#'),94&)1)'#,&;*"$8-'%&
#*)&-30):,9&-)*)#,%6&%'#*-3)%6&+)1)'#(,)%6&"0,%&#.$&:*80'%6&230,)&#.0/#,&;*"$8-'%&#*)&-30):,9&/)#'6&)11%6&/0,G&
#.$&:0%34&
J30%&0%&23)*)&'3)&;*)+0"8%&-".-,8%0".&()-"/)%&,)%%&"(+0"8%4&<.&+)1)'#,&;*"$8-'%6&=30.)%)&;)*&-#;0'#&-#,"*0)&
-".%8/;'0".&3#%&*0%).&(9&#("8'&#&'30*$&"+)*&'3)&;#%'&:0+)&$)-#$)%6&230,)&'3#'&:*"/&#.0/#,&;*"$8-'%&3#%&
0.-*)#%)$&%"/)&:"8*&#.$&#&3#,:&'0/)%4&J30%&0%&0.&,0.)&20'3&23#'&0%&":').&*):)**)$&'"&#%&C)..)'' %&]#24&[)**0,,&_4&
C)..)''&."')$&0.&30%&NTRN&;8(,0-#'0".& >1&0#(.:(?0#.$:0<(P.&#3 6&'3#'&-#,"*0)%&$)*0+)$&:*"/&%'#;,)&:""$%&
$)-*)#%)&#%&0.-"/)&0.-*)#%)%&#.$6&#%&#&-".%)78).-)6&-#,"*0)%&:*"/&"'3)*&:""$%&%8-3&#%&/)#'&0.-*)#%)4&
& &

challenges
Vegetal calories 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
China 1,738 2,002 2,128 2,296 2,383
Indonesia 1,904 2,238 2,242 2,299 2,536
Malaysia 2,244 2,336 2,134 2,297 2,336
South Korea 2,784 2,730 2,626 2,642 2,775
Thailand 2,007 1,995 1,978 2,284 2,410
Philippines 1,581 1,980 1,925 2,020 2,218
Vietnam 1,829 1,880 1,690 2,004 2,129
UK 2,014 1,965 2,175 2,395 2,425
US 2,056 2,258 2,544 2,697 2,644
Japan 2,284 2,211 2,316 2,287 2,166
&
N$2'"&D(LO!(
(
Animal calories 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
China 125 177 317 523 691
Indonesia 60 77 115 126 177
Malaysia 284 411 516 525 519
South Korea 115 240 324 439 554
Thailand 188 203 267 294 347
Philippines 256 241 290 354 390
Vietnam 128 124 166 294 574
UK 1,231 1,126 1,035 1,007 989
US 996 961 978 1,012 995
Japan 445 539 618 603 553
N$2'"&D(LO!(
&
="/;#*)$&'"&'3)&`>&#.$&'3)&`_6&=30.)%)&+)1)'#,H$)*0+)$&-#,"*0)%&0.&OPNN&#*)&K8%'&/#*10.#,,9&()30.$6&230,)&
#.0/#,H$)*0+)$&-#,"*0)%&#*)&%'0,,&QPW&,"2)*4&J30%&0/;,0)%&'3#'&0.&'3)&:8'8*)6&1*"2'3&0.&+)1)'#,&-".%8/;'0".&0%&
,0G),9&'"&()&/8')$6&(8'&1*"2'3&0.&#.0/#,&;*"')0.&20,,&,0G),9&*)/#0.&%'*".14&<.&"'3)*&2"*$%6&'3)&"+)*#,,&=30.)%)&
:""$&-".%8/;'0".&;0-'8*)&20,,&*)/#0.&#&1,"(#,,9&;*"/0.).'&'3)/)&0.&'3)&9)#*%&#3)#$& &#'&,)#%'&20'3&*)%;)-'&'"&
#.0/#,&;*"$8-'%4&
C*)#G0.1&$"2.&'3)&-".%8/;'0".&%'#'0%'0-%&:8*'3)*6&'3)&-3#*'&(),"2&%3"2%&'3)&-3#.1)&0.&=30.)%)&;)*&-#;0'#&
-#,"*0)&-".'*0(8'0".&:*"/&$0::)*).'&-"//"$0'0)%&"+)*&'3)&;#%'&:0+)&$)-#$)%4&J3)&/"%'&"(+0"8%&"(%)*+#'0".%&#*)&
'3)&$)-,0.)&0.&-#,"*0)&-".'*0(8'0".&:*"/&-)*)#,%& &:*"/&#;;*"I0/#'),9&'2"H'30*$%&0.&NTMN&'"&,)%%&'3#.&3#,:&0.&
OPNN6&#.$&'3)&0.-*)#%)&0.&-#,"*0)&-".'*0(8'0".&:*"/&#.0/#,&;*"$8-'%&:*"/&MW&'"&OOW&"+)*&'3)&%#/)&;)*0"$4&
>0.-)&-".%8/;'0".&":&#.0/#,&;*"$8-'%&0/;,0)%&'3)&0.$0*)-'&-".%8/;'0".&":&-)*)#,%6&'3)&.)'&-3#.1)&0.&-)*)#,&
$)/#.$&0%&."'&-,)#*&:*"/&'30%4&
! !

challenges
4-&)(!,(92.&%!,2)1#567&2)!/&17.&@#7&2)&
&
N$2'"&D(LO!(
&
J"&#.%2)*&'3#'&78)%'0".&2)&.))$&'"&,""G&#'&-".%8/;'0".&0.&G0,"1*#/%4&<.&OPPQ6&'3)&#+)*#1)&=30.)%)&-".%8/)$&
#*"8.$&RSG1&":&/)#'&;#6&":&230-3&#("8'&MNW&2#%&;"*G4&C9&OPNQ6&@EB!<&)%'0/#')$&'3#'&'30%&3#$&0.-*)#%)$&'"&
#;;*"I0/#'),9&LMG16&#&OQW&0.-*)#%)&0.&#&$)-#$)4&E'&'3)&%#/)&'0/)6&'3)&#+)*#1)&E/)*0-#. %&/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&
2#%&)%'0/#')$&'"&()&#,/"%'&$"8(,)&'3#'&":&'3)&=30.)%)4&5"2)+)*6&0'&-"8,$&()&K8%'0:0#(,9&#*18)$&'3#'&'3)&
E/)*0-#.&.8/()*&*):,)-'%&)I-)%%0+)&,)+),%&":&-".%8/;'0".&#.$&'3#'&=30.#&0%&8.,0G),9&'"&)+)*&*)#-3&'3"%)&;)#G%4&
E&()'')*&().-3/#*G&:"*&=30.#&2"8,$&()&#&$)+),";)$&=30.)%)&%"-0)'9&%8-3&#%&J#02#.4&a"')&'3#'&>0.1#;"*)&"*&
5".1&_".1&2"8,$&."'&()&#;;*";*0#')&:"*&'30%&;8*;"%)&%0.-)&'3)9&3#+)&'""&/#.9& "8',0)*% &#.$&*).$)*&#.9&
/)#.0.1:8,&-"/;#*0%".%&*)$8.$#.'4&
Meat consumption (kg/person/year)
Country 2003 2013 2015 2020 2025
China 46 57 60 67 73
European Union 76 77 78 79 80
Hong Kong 104 145 147 151 156
Indonesia 8 9 9 10 11
Japan 43 47 48 49 51
Philippines 25 27 28 30 31
Russia 45 59 61 64 67
South Korea 51 63 65 70 76
Taiwan 74 74 76 82 87
Thailand 25 27 28 30 32
US 115 107 106 107 109
Vietnam 20 29 29 31 32
&
N$2'"&D(LO-AQ(
?$#&D(41.:0(.:"<2=&3(#1&(90.:<0:=($:<R(
&
62.6%
67.5% 64.7%
55.0%
47.7%
17.1% 11.8%
6.2%
6.2%
4.9%
2.5% 3.1%
5.4%
5.6%
7.1%
2.5% 1.9%
2.7%
4.5%
6.8%
0.4% 0.4%
0.7%
1.7%
2.7%
6.68% 7.63% 11.73% 19.19% 22.86%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1969 1979 1989 1999 2009
Cereals Starchy roots Vegetable oils Vegetables Fruits Animal products

challenges
J3)&#+)*#1)&J#02#.)%)&-".%8/)$&#.&)%'0/#')$&MRG1&
":&/)#'&0.&OPNQ& &QPW&/"*)&'3#.&'3)&#+)*#1)&
=30.)%)4&<:&=30.# %&;)*&-#;0'#&/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&
)78#,,)$&J#02#.)%)&,)+),%&0//)$0#'),96&=30.#&2"8,$&
*)780*)&#.&#$$0'0".#,&TR/.'&":&1*#0.%& &#,/"%'&'3)&
).'0*)&)I;)-')$&-"*.&"8';8'&":&C*#U0,&#.$&E*1).'0.#&0.&
OPNR4&J30%&%3"2%&'3)&0/;#-'&'3#'&/)#'&$)/#.$&3#%&
".&-)*)#,%&0.$0*)-',94&@"*'8.#'),96&;)*3#;%6&@EB!<&
)I;)-'%&=30.#&#.$&J#02#.&'"&)78#,0%)&".,9&#:')*&OPOL4&
J3)&#("+)&#.#,9%0%&0%&#'&'3)&0.$0+0$8#,&,)+),4&J"&1)'&#&
.#'0".#,&+0)26&2)&%0/;,9&3#+)&'"&#11*)1#')&'3)&
.8/()*%&#-*"%%&'3)&;";8,#'0".4&5"2)+)*6&'"&
$)')*/0.)&:8'8*)&'*).$%6&2)&.))$&'"&'#G)&0.'"&#--"8.'&
#."'3)*&+#*0#(,)& &.#/),96&'3)&%;,0'&()'2)).&*8*#,&#.$&
8*(#.&-".%8/)*%4&D0+).&'3)&$0::)*).'&%"-0"H)-"."/0-&
;*":0,)%&":&'3)&'2"6&'3)0*&-".%8/;'0".&;#'')*.%&#*)&
+#%',9&$0::)*).'4&@8*'3)*/"*)6&10+).&=30.# %&
0.-*)#%0.1&,)+),%&":&8*(#.0%#'0".6&'3)&#+)*#1)&-0'0U).&0%&
()-"/0.1&/"*)&8*(#.0%)$4&J38%&'"&)%'#(,0%3&'3)&
"8',""G&:"*&'3)&-"8.'*9&#%&#&23",)6&2)&.))$&'"&
)I#/0.)&("'3&8*(#.&#.$&*8*#,&-".%8/;'0".&
%);#*#'),9&#.$&-"/(0.)&'3#'&230,)&'#G0.1&0.'"&#--"8.'&
0.-*)#%0.1&8*(#.0%#'0".&*#')%4&
J3)&:",,"20.1&-3#*'%&3013,013'&;)*&-#;0'#&-".%8/;'0".&
":&1*#0.%&#.$&/)#'&:"*&*8*#,&#.$&8*(#.&$2),,)*%4&J3)&
;*)/0%)&'3#'&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&$)-,0.)$&230,)&
/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&*0%).&0%&'*8)&:"*&("'3&8*(#.&
#.$&*8*#,&*)%0$).'%4&
4-&)(!6%.!,(6&7(!*.(&)!,2)1#567&2)!
&
N$2'"&D(?0#.$:0<(S2'&02($T(N#0#.3#."3($T(41.:0(G?SN4H(
?$#&D(C1&(UV0U.3(.3(:$#(#$(3"0<&(
?$#&D()**J(=0#0(.3(:$#(0W0.<0%<&X(T$'("10'#.:Y(52'5$3&37(/&(10W&(23&=(0:(0W&'0Y&($T()**I(0:=()**Z(
&
4-&)(!6%.!,(6&7(!5%(7!,2)1#567&2)!
&
N$2'"&D(?SN4(
?$#&D(C1&(UV0U.3(.3(:$#(#$(3"0<&(
&
131
97
82 77 76 78 79 81 82 81 79
262 256 250
209 206 199 199
189 181
171 164
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 * 2009 2010 2011 2012
kg/person/year
Urban Rural
25 24 26
33 32 32 31
35 35 35 36
13 13
17
21 21
19 18
20 20 21 21
0
10
20
30
40
1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
kg/person/year
Urban Rural

challenges
D0+).&'3#'&/)#'&8,'0/#'),9&*)780*)%&1*#0.%&0.&'3)&:"*/&":&:))$6&'30%&/)#.%&'3#'&$0*)-'&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&
$)-,0.)$&/8-3&/"*)&$*#/#'0-#,,94&5"2)+)*6&0.&'3)&:8'8*)6&'3)&(#,#.-)&":&0.-*)#%0.1&/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&#.$&
$)-*)#%0.1&$0*)-'&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".%&-"8,$&()&;"%0'0+)&"*&.)1#'0+)4&
C):"*)&2)&'*9&'"&)%'0/#')&'3#'6&#&-#+)#'&0%&0.&"*$)*4&J3)&%'#'0%'0-%&."')$&#("+)&#*)&%"8*-)$&:*"/&a#'0".#,&C8*)#8&
":&>'#'0%'0-%&":&=30.#&baC>=Z&#.$&'3)&;)*&-#;0'#&/)#'&-".%8/;'0".&.8/()*%&#*)&,"2)*&-"/;#*)$&'"&'3"%)&:*"/&
@EB!<&"*&@Ec4&J30%&$0%-*);#.-9&0%&8%8#,,9&#''*0(8')$&'"&'2"&:#-'"*%& &'3)%)&#*)&)%'0/#')%&:*"/&3"8%)3",$&
%8*+)9%6&230-3&$"&."'&)::)-'0+),9&/)#%8*)&-".%8/;'0".&'3#'&"--8*%&"8'%0$)&3"/)%6&230-3&0%&)%;)-0#,,9&*),)+#.'&
:"*&8*(#.&*)%0$).'%d&#.$6&-".%8/;'0".&(9&/01*#.'&2"*G)*%&0%&."'&#--"8.')$&:"*&#--8*#'),94&
<'&'#G)%&#;;*"I0/#'),9&MG1&":&:))$&1*#0.&'"&;*"$8-)&NG1&":&()):6&RG1&:"*&NG1&":&;"*G&#.$&OG1&":&1*#0.%&:"*&NG1&":&
;"8,'*94&?)&8%)&'3)%)&-".+)*%0".&:#-'"*%&'"&)%'0/#')&'"'#,&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".4&E%&'3)&(),"2&'#(,)&$)/".%'*#')%6&
:"*&("'3&8*(#.&#.$&*8*#,&$2),,)*%6&'3)&;)*&-#;0'#&0.-*)#%)&0.&0.$0*)-'&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&'3*"813&/)#'&2#%&,)%%&
'3#.&'3#'&":&'3)&;)*&-#;0'#&$)-*)#%)&0.&$0*)-'&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&"+)*&NTTPHOPNO4&
Changing consumption patterns in China (kg/pa)
1990 2012 Net
change
Grain to
meat
conversion
ratio
Net
increase
in grain
use
Urban per capita consumption of
Grain 130.7 78.8 (52.0) (52.0)
Pork 18.5 21.2 2.8 4.0 11.1
Beef and mutton 3.3 3.7 0.5 7.0 3.2
Poultry 3.4 10.8 7.3 2.0 14.7
Net change in urban per capita demand for grain (23.1)
Rural per capita consumption of
Grain 262.1 164.3 (97.8) (97.8)
Pork 10.5 14.4 3.9 4.0 15.4
Beef and mutton 0.8 2.0 1.2 7.0 8.1
Poultry 1.3 4.5 3.2 2.0 6.5
Net change in rural per capita demand for grain (67.8)
&
N$2'"&D(?SN47(-/4(
(

C challenges
?30,)&".&#&;)*&-#;0'#&,)+),&'3)*)&0%&#&$)-,0.)&0.&'"'#,&
1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".6&".&#.&#11*)1#')&,)+),6&=30.)%)&
1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&b*0-)6&23)#'6&-"*.&#.$&%"9()#.%Z&
3#%&0.-*)#%)$& &:*"/&#("8'&QNS/.'&0.&NTTP&'"&
LRL/.'&0.&OPNO4&J30%&0%&/#0.,9&#''*0(8'#(,)&'"&#.&
0.-*)#%0.1&;";8,#'0".&#.$&8*(#.0%#'0".4&?)&2"8,$&
)I;)-'&'"'#,&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&0.&=30.#&'"&-".'0.8)&
0.-*)#%0.1&:"*&:"8*&*)#%".%4&
%,"20.16&(8'&0'&0%&%'0,,&1*"20.14&
>)-".$6&'3)&$)-,0.)&0.&8*(#.&;)*&-#;0'#&$0*)-'&
1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&0%&%3"20.1&%01.%&":&,)+),,0.1&
"::4&<'&$)-,0.)$&'"&#&,"2&":&ML4TG1&0.&OPPS6&#.$&
'3).&*"%)&0.&,#')*&9)#*%&'"&*)#-3&VN4LG1&0.&OPNP4&
<'&#1#0.&$)-,0.)$&"+)*&'3)&:",,"20.1&'2"&9)#*%&'"&
MV4VG1&0.&OPNO4&="/(0.)$&20'3&#&,0G),9&0.-*)#%)&
0.&0.$0*)-'&8*(#.&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".6&'30%&
/)#.%&'3#'&'"'#,&;)*&-#;0'#&8*(#.&1*#0.&
-".%8/;'0".&20,,&/"%'&,0G),9&*0%)4&?30,)&*8*#,&
;)*&-#;0'#&1*#0.&-".%8/;'0".&0%&,0G),9&'"&
-".'0.8)&$)-*)#%0.16&0'%&)::)-'&0.&'3)&#11*)1#')&
2"8,$&()&/8')$&#%&/"*)&;)";,)&/01*#')&'"&'3)&
-0'0)%4&
&
&
:))$&1*#0.&$)/#.$&20,,&0.-*)#%)& &'3)&#+)*#1)&;01&
*#0%)$&0.&#&=30.)%)&:#-'"*9&:#*/&-".%8/)%&QLPG1&
'"&*)#-3&%,#813')*&2)013'6&230,)&'3#'&*#0%)$&".&#&
:#/0,9&:#*/&-".%8/)%&".,9&NLPG1&b04)46&'3)&*)%'&
-"/)%&:*"/&3"8%)3",$&2#%')&#.$&%"&".Z4&
@0.#,,96&2)&3#+)&*)%'*0-')$&"8*&#.#,9%0%&'"&'3)&8%)&
":&1*#0.%&:"*&:""$4&<.&"'3)*&2"*$%6&2)&3#+)&
"/0'')$&'3)&0/;#-'&":&0.$8%'*0#,&8%)%&":&1*#0.&%8-3&
#%&)'3#.",&"*&(0"$0)%),&;*"$8-'0".6&230-3&/#9&
;"%%0(,9&0.-*)#%)&0.&'3)&:8'8*)&
&
& (

challenges
3+??,5'
>),:H%8::0-0).-9&0.&1*#0.%&3#%&,".1&()).&#&3#,,/#*G&":&
=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&;",0-94&>0.-)&NTTS6&'3)&)I;,0-0'&
#0/&2#%&'"&;*"$8-)&TLW&":&0'%&1*#0.%&$"/)%'0-#,,94&c*6&
#%&=30.)%)&"::0-0#,%&;8'&0'&%"/)23#'&,)%%&;*"%#0-#,,96&
'3)&=30.)%)&/8%'& 1$<=(#1&('."&(%$/<(T.'9<R(.:($2'(
10:=3 4&5"2)+)*6&0'%&/)#.0.1&3#%&)+",+)$&"+)*&'3)&
9)#*%4&?30,)&0'&2#%&0.0'0#,,9&8.$)*%'""$&'"&0.-,8$)&*0-)6&
23)#'&#.$&-"*.6&;",0-9&/#G)*%&."2&%))/0.1,9&-"8.'&
".,9&*0-)&#.$&23)#'6&'3#'&0%6&'3)&'2"&1*#0.%&8%)$&
$0*)-',9&:"*&38/#.&-".%8/;'0".4&E.$&%"".6&0'&-"8,$&
).$&8;&#%&#.& &95#R(%$/< & &#%&%),:H%8::0-0).-9&
()-"/)%&#.&0.-*)#%0.1,9&8.*)#,0%'0-&0$)#,4&
J3)&*)-).'&$)/#.$H%8;;,9&30%'"*9&":&%"9()#.%6&#&G)9&
"0,%))$6&%3"8,$&()&%)).&#%&#&,)#$0.1&0.$0-#'"*4&
>"9()#.&/)#,&0%&8%)$&#%&'3)&-30):&;*"')0.&%"8*-)&0.&
0.$8%'*0#,&:))$&:"*&;"8,'*9&#.$&;"*G4&E%&'3)&=30.)%)&
-".%8/)&/"*)&/)#'6&#.$&#%&'3)&/)#'&;*"$8-)*%&
0.$8%'*0#,0%)6&$)/#.$&:"*&%"9()#.%&3#%&0.-*)#%)$&
$*#/#'0-#,,94&=30.#&3#%&(#*),9&()).&%),:H%8::0-0).'&0.&
%"9()#.%&%0.-)&'3)&,0()*#,0%#'0".&;*"-)%%&()1#.&0.&
NTMV4&e"/)%'0-&"8';8'&;)#G)$&0.&OPPRfPL&#'&NM4R/.'&
(8'&3#%&$)-,0.)$&)**#'0-#,,9&0.&'3)&%8(%)78).'&$)-#$)4&
<.&OPNRfNL&$"/)%'0-&;*"$8-'0".&0%&)I;)-')$&'"&*)#-3&#&
.)2&,"2&":&8.$)*&NO/.'4&A0),$%&3),$&8;&(8'&#'&'3)&
)I;).%)&":&'3)&3#*+)%')$&#*)#6&230-3&$)-,0.)$&#%&
:#*/)*%&%20'-3)$&'"&-"*.4&[)#.230,)6&#..8#,&
-".%8/;'0".&3#%&/"*)&'3#.&$"8(,)$&:*"/&
#;;*"I0/#'),9&RP/.'&'"&#,/"%'&VL/.'&"+)*&'3)&;#%'&
$)-#$)4&=".%)78).',96&0/;"*'%&3#+)&'*0;,)$&:*"/&
#,/"%'&OS/.'&'"&#.&)%'0/#')$&MR/.'&"+)*&'3)&%#/)&
;)*0"$4&<:&=30.#&*);,#-)$&'30%&#/"8.'&":&0/;"*'%&20'3&
$"/)%'0-&;*"$8-'0".6&'3)&-"8.'*9&2"8,$&*)780*)&
#."'3)*&RO/.&3#&":&,#.$& &.)#*,9&%0I&'0/)%&'3)&
-8**).'&%"9()#.%&#*)#&":&S4M/.&3#4&J3#'&#,".)&
)I;,#0.%&'3)&)I-,8%0".&":&%"9()#.%&:*"/&'3)&
1"+)*./).' %&%),:H%8::0-0).-9&-#,-8,#'0".%
4&
Soybean statistics
Soybean 2004/
05
2005/
06
2006/
07
2007/
08
2008/
09
2009/
10
2010/
11
2011/
12
2012/
13
2013/
14
2014/
15
Area harvested
(mn ha)
9.6 9.6 9.3 8.8 9.1 9.2 8.5 7.9 7.2 6.9 6.7
Yield (tonnes/ha) 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8
Production (mnt) 17.4 16.4 15.1 12.7 15.5 15.0 15.1 14.5 13.1 12.2 11.8
Imports (mnt) 25.8 28.3 28.7 37.8 41.1 50.3 52.3 59.2 59.9 69.0 74.0
Exports (mnt) 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3
Domestic
consumption (mnt)
40.2 44.4 46.1 49.4 51.3 59.4 65.9 72.1 76.2 80.1 84.9
Ending stocks (mnt) 4.7 4.6 1.8 2.5 7.5 13.2 14.5 15.9 12.4 13.2 13.8
N$2'"&D([NPO(

challenges
="*.&#;;)#*%&'"&()&:",,"20.1&#&%0/0,#*&'*#K)-'"*94&<.&OPNO6&=30.# %&[0.0%')*&":&E1*0-8,'8*)&5#.&=3#.1:8&%'#')$&
'3#'&'3)&-"8.'*9&/8%'&;*)+).'&-"*.&:*"/&()-"/0.1&'3)& %)-".$&%"9()#. 4&J30%&/".0G)*&#,".)&0.$0-#')%&'3)&
%'*).1'3&":&$)%0*)&:"*&:""$&%)-8*0'9&0.&=30.#4&5"2)+)*6&0.-*)#%0.1,9&'3)&-"8.'*9&#;;)#*%&'"&()&:013'0.1&#&,"%0.1&
(#'',)&#%&$)/".%'*#')$&(9&'3)&'#(,)&(),"24&
Corn statistics
Corn 2004/
05
2005/
06
2006/
07
2007/
08
2008/
09
2009/
10
2010/
11
2011/
12
2012/
13
2013/
14
2014/
15
Area harvested
(mn ha)
25.4 26.4 28.5 29.5 29.9 31.2 32.5 33.5 35.0 36.3 36.8
Yield (tonnes/ha) 5.1 5.3 5.3 5.2 5.6 5.3 5.5 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.9
Production (mnt) 130.3 139.4 151.6 152.3 165.9 164.0 177.2 192.8 205.6 218.5 217.0
Imports (mnt) 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.3 1.0 5.2 2.7 3.4 3.0
Exports (mnt) 7.6 3.7 5.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1
Domestic
consumption (mnt)
131.0 137.0 145.0 150.0 153.0 165.0 180.0 188.0 200.0 212.0 220.0
Ending Stocks (mnt) 36.6 35.3 36.6 38.4 51.2 51.3 49.4 59.3 67.6 77.4 77.3
N$2'"&D([NPO(
&
`.,0G)&'3)&%"9()#.&%)-'"*6&-"*.&"8';8'&3#%&G);'&;#-)&20'3&-".%8/;'0".4&J3)&3#*+)%')$&#*)#&3#%&0.-*)#%)$&%"/)&
RLW&230,)&90),$%&3#+)&0.-*)#%)$&%"/)&NLW&"+)*&'3)&,#%'&$)-#$)4&5"2)+)*6&#%&0%&'3)&-#%)&20'3&%"9()#.%6&$)/#.$&
1*"2'3&0%&,0G),9&'"&*)/#0.&%'*".1&:"*&/#.9&9)#*%&'"&-"/)4&E.$&'3)&%;)-'#-8,#*&0.-*)#%)%&0.&;,#.')$&#*)#&#.$&
90),$%&%)).&0.&'3)&;#%'&$)-#$)&#*)&3013,9&8.,0G),9&'"&()&*);)#')$&0.&'3)&/)$08/&')*/4&@*"/&#&;"%0'0".&":&%),:H
%8::0-0).-9&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%&0/;"*'%&#*)&,0G),9&'"&*)#-3&Q/.'&0.&OPNRfNL4&="/;#*)&'30%&'"&#&.)'&)I;"*'&;"%0'0".&":&
#,/"%'&V/.'&0.&OPPRfPL6&#.$&0'&#;;)#*%&'3#'&-"*.&0%&2),,&".&0'%&2#9&'"&()-"/0.1&'3)& %)-".$&%"9()#. 4&c.)&
/"$)*#'0.1&:#-'"*&0%&'3#'6&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%6&%"/)&:))$&$)/#.$&3#%&%30:')$&'"&23)#'& &#%&2)&$0%-8%%&(),"24&
5"2)+)*6&'30%&%0/;,9&/)#.%&'3#'&=30.#&20,,&0/;"*'&23)#'&0.%')#$&":&-"*.4&
=".%0$)*&23)#'6&230-3&#,".1&20'3&*0-)6&0%&8%)$&;*0/#*0,9&:"*&38/#.&-".%8/;'0".& #.$&'3)*):"*)&3#%&#&%'*#')10-&
;"%0'0".6&230-3&0%&."'&%3#*)$&(9&-"*.&"*&%"9()#.%4&`.'0,&OPNP6&-".%8/;'0".&0.-*)#%)$&".,9&/#*10.#,,9&#.$&
=30.#&/#.#1)$&'"&:8,:0,&#$$0'0".#,&$)/#.$&'3*"813&#&1*#$8#,&0.-*)#%)&0.&;,#.')$&#*)#&#.$&90),$%4&5"2)+)*6&0.&
OPNNfNO&$)/#.$&K8/;)$&#("8'&NNW&#.$&3#%&*)/#0.)$&#'&'3)%)&,)+),%4&E'&'3)&%#/)&'0/)6&;*"$8-'0".&3#%&
0.-*)#%)$&#'&#&/8-3&%,"2)*&;#-)&230,)&0/;"*'%&3#+)&;,811)$&'3)&%3"*':#,,4&c+)*&'3)&,#%'&:0+)&9)#*%6&'3)&;,#.')$&
#*)#&3#%&*)/#0.)$&-".%'#.'&230,)&90),$%&3#+)&0.-*)#%)$&/#*10.#,,94&J30%&%811)%'%&'3#'&:8'8*)&0.-*)#%)%6&0:&#.96&
#*)&,0G),9&'"&()&/0.0/#,4&
Wheat statistics
Wheat 2004/
05
2005/
06
2006/
07
2007/
08
2008/
09
2009/
10
2010/
11
2011/
12
2012/
13
2013/
14
2014/
15
Area harvested
(mn ha)
21.6 22.8 23.6 23.7 23.6 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.3 24.1 24.1
Yield (tonnes/ha) 4.3 4.3 4.6 4.6 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 5.0 5.1 5.2
Production (mnt) 92.0 97.4 108.5 109.3 112.5 115.1 115.2 117.4 121.0 121.9 126.0
Imports (mnt) 6.7 1.1 0.4 0.0 0.5 1.4 0.9 2.9 3.0 6.8 2.0
Exports (mnt) 1.2 1.4 2.8 2.8 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0
Domestic
consumption (mnt)
102.0 101.5 102.0 106.0 105.5 107.0 110.5 122.5 125.0 121.5 124.0
&
N$2'"&D([NPO(

challenges
E&G)9&:)#'8*)&3013,013')$&'3)&'#(,)&#("+)&0%&'3)&%8$$).&K8/;&0.&$)/#.$&:"*&23)#'&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%4&J3)&*)#%".&
:"*&'30%&*0%)&0%&'3)&1*"20.1&8%)&":&23)#'&#%&:))$4&J"'#,&$)/#.$&0%&%;,0'&0.'"&:""$6&%))$6&#.$&0.$8%'*0#,&$)/#.$&
b@><Z&#.$&:))$&$)/#.$4&@><&$)/#.$&3#%&(#*),9&/"+)$&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%&#.$&".,9&*"%)&/#*10.#,,9&"+)*&'3)&,#%'&
'3*))&9)#*%4&5"2)+)*6&:))$&$)/#.$&3#%&*0%).&%')#$0,94&<.&OPNNfOPNO6&0'&.)#*,9&$"8(,)$&#.$&3#%&%'#9)$&#'&'3#'&
,)+),&%0.-)4&?30,)&-"*.&*)/#0.%&'3)&/#0.&-#*("39$*#')&-"/;".).'&":&0.$8%'*0#,&:))$&"'3)*&-)*)#,%&%8-3&#%&23)#'&
#*)&#,%"&8%)$&$);).$0.1&".&*),#'0+)&;*0-)%4&
Wheat consumption split
Wheat 2004/
05
2005/
06
2006/
07
2007/
08
2008/
09
2009/
10
2010/
11
2011/
12
2012/
13
2013/
14
2014/
15
Feed consumption (mnt) 4.0 3.5 4.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 13.0 24.0 25.0 21.0 23.0
Food, seed and industrial
consumption (mnt)
98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 97.5 97.0 97.5 98.5 100.0 100.5 101.0
Total (mnt) 102.0 101.5 102.0 106.0 105.5 107.0 110.5 122.5 125.0 121.5 124.0
&
N$2'"&D([NPO(
&
?30,)&2)&-#.&%#:),9&;*)$0-'&#&*0%)&0.&:))$&8%)6&'3)&%;,0'&()'2)).&-"*.&#.$&23)#'&0%&$0::0-8,'&'"&)%'0/#')4&5"2)+)*6&
*)1#*$,)%%&":&'3)&%;,0'6&0'&0%&*)#%".#(,9&-)*'#0.&'3#'&'3)&(8,G&":&'30%&)I-)%%&-".%8/;'0".&20,,&()&%#'0%:0)$&(9&
0/;"*'%4&J3)&*)#%".&:"*&"8*&;)%%0/0%'0-&+0)2&".&=30.)%)&;*"$8-'0".&0%&)I;,#0.)$&,#')*&0.&'30%&*);"*'&23).&2)&
,""G&#'&%8;;,9&-".%'*#0.'%4&
@0.#,,96&'3)&'#(,)&(),"2&3013,013'%&*0-)&%'#'0%'0-%&:"*&'3)&,#%'&$)-#$)4&B*"$8-'0".&*"%)&1*#$8#,,9&#%&-".%8/;'0".&
$)-,0.)$&0.0'0#,,94&5"2)+)*6&0'&0%&."2&0.-*)#%0.14&@"*&'3)&/"%'&;#*'6&=30.#&3#%&/#.#1)$&'"&#+"0$&0/;"*'%4&
5"2)+)*6&0.&'3)&,#%'&'3*))&9)#*%6&3#*+)%')$&#*)#&#.$&90),$%&3#+)&%'#1.#')$&230,)&-".%8/;'0".&3#%&/#0.'#0.)$&#&
%')#$9&*#')&":&1*"2'34&J30%&3#%&,)$&'"&#&*0%)&0.&0/;"*'%&#,'3"813&0'&*)/#0.%&#&:*#-'0".&":&'"'#,&-".%8/;'0".4&
D*"2'3&0.&*0-)&-".%8/;'0".&0%&,0G),9&'"&*)/#0.&/8')$&#%&%,"20.1&;";8,#'0".&1*"2'3&#.$&8*(#.0%#'0".&G));&#&,0$&
".&1*"2'34&J3#'&%#0$6&%0.-)&;*"$8-'0".&0%&#,%"&8.,0G),9&'"&0.-*)#%)&%01.0:0-#.',9&0.&'3)&9)#*%&#3)#$6&%"/)&0/;"*'%&
/#9&-".'0.8)4&
Rice statistics
Rice 2004/
05
2005/
06
2006/
07
2007/
08
2008/
09
2009/
10
2010/
11
2011/
12
2012/
13
2013/
14
2014/
15
Area harvested
(mn ha)
28.4 28.8 28.9 28.9 29.2 29.6 29.9 30.1 30.1 30.3 30.6
Paddy yield
(tonnes/ha)
6.3 6.3 6.3 6.4 6.6 6.6 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.7 6.7
Production (mnt) 125.4 126.4 127.2 130.2 134.3 136.6 137.0 140.7 143.0 142.5 144.0
Imports (mnt) 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.5 1.8 3.1 3.9 3.7
Exports (mnt) 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.4
Domestic
consumption (mnt)
130.3 128.0 127.2 127.5 133.0 134.3 135.0 139.6 144.0 146.3 148.0
&
N$2'"&D([NPO(
& &

challenges
F#*,9&0.&OPNR6&'3)&>'#')&="8.-0,&-#,,)$&:"*&1*#0.&
;*"$8-'0".&'"&%'#(0,0%)&#'&LLP/.'6&,"2)*&'3#.&'3)&
SPO/.'&;*"$8-)$&0.&OPNQ6&%01.#,,0.1&#&%30:'&:*"/&%),:H
%8::0-0).-94&<'&%))G%&'"&%)'&#&;*0"*0'9&".&,#("8*H
0.').%0+)&#.$&3013H+#,8)&-*";%&%8-3&#%&:*80'%&#.$&
+)1)'#(,)%&#'&'3)&)I;).%)&":&,#.$H0.').%0+)6&,"2H+#,8)&
1*#0.%4&@8*'3)*/"*)6&'3)&180$),0.)%&$)/".%'*#')&#.&
0.-*)#%0.1&)/;3#%0%&".&:"*&78#,0'9&#.$&:""$&%#:)'94&
>"/)&":&'30%&.)2:"8.$&%'*)%%&".&78#,0'9&#.$&%#:)'9&
%')/%&:*"/&'3)&/#.9&.)1#'0+)&-#%)%&*);"*')$&0.&
*)-).'&9)#*%&0.&=30.#4&J3)%)&*#.1)&:*"/&-#$/08/&
-".'#/0.#'0".&":&*0-)6&#$8,')*#')$&:"I&/)#'&%",$&#%&
/8''".&#.$&$)#$&;01%&:,"#'0.1&$"2.&'3)&58#.1;8&
!0+)*&'3*"813&>3#.13#04&
B#*'&":&'3)&*)#%".&:"*&'30%&%'*#')10-&%30:'6&0.&"8*&+0)26&
0%&/)*),9&'3)&1"+)*./).'&:#-0.1&8;&'"&*)#,0'94&J"&/))'&
*#;0$,9&*0%0.1&$)/#.$6&%8;;,9&-#.&0.-*)#%)&;*0/#*0,9&
'3*"813&#.&0.-*)#%)&0.&;,#.')$&#*)#&#.$&).3#.-)$&
90),$%4&<.&=30.# %&-#%)6&230,)&90),$%&-#.&0.-*)#%)& &#.&
#*)#&2)&$0%-8%%&,#')*& &#.&0.-*)#%)&0.&;,#.')$&#*)#&0%&
3013,9&8.,0G),94&<.&%3"*'6&=30.#&3#%&()).&%'*811,0.1&'"&
/#0.'#0.&0'%& *)$&,0.) &":&NOP/.&3#&":&:#*/,#.$&$8)&'"&
,#.$&$)1*#$#'0".6&2#')*&%-#*-0'9&#.$&;",,8'0".4&&
J38%6&'3)&".,9&";'0".&0%&'"&%)'&;*0"*0'0)%4&J3#'&0%6&
#--);'&'3#'&%),:H%8::0-0).-9&0%&."'&;"%%0(,)&:"*&#,,&'3)&
/#K"*&1*#0.%&#.$&"0,%))$%6&230-3&0%&23#'&'3)&-"8.'*9&
#;;)#*%&'"&()&$"0.1&0.&;*#-'0-)4&<.0'0#,,96&'3)&
1"+)*./).'&).-"8*#1)$&-"*.&;,#.'0.1&"+)*&%"9()#.%&
"+)*&'3)&,#%'&$)-#$)4&a"26&*0-)&#.$&23)#'&*)/#0.&3013&
;*0"*0'9&1*#0.%&10+).&'3#'&'3)9&#*)&8%)$&:"*&38/#.&
-".%8/;'0".6&230,)&-"*.&#.$&%"9()#.%&#*)&-".%0$)*)$&
,"2)*&;*0"*0'94&&
F+).&20'3&/)#'6&'3)*)&#*)&'2"&";'0".%&#+#0,#(,)Y&
0/;"*'&/)#'&$0*)-',9&"*&0/;"*'&:))$&1*#0.%&#.$&
;*"$8-)&/)#'&$"/)%'0-#,,94&J3)&0/;,0-#'0".%&":&'3)%)&
#,')*.#'0+)%&#*)&780')&$0::)*).'4&<:&=30.#&0/;"*'%&-"*.&
#.$&%"9()#.%&:*"/&'3)&`>&"*&C*#U0,&:"*&0'%&,0+)%'"-G6&0'&
20,,&3#+)&'"&#$$*)%%&'3)&,0+)%'"-GH*),#')$&.)1#'0+)&
)::)-'%&".&'3)&).+0*"./).'&#.$&3)#,'34&c.&'3)&;,8%&
%0$)6&0'&20,,&3#+)&#.&0.$8%'*9&'3#'&;*"+0$)%&3013&,)+),%&
":&)/;,"9/).'4&<:&=30.#&2)*)&'"&0/;"*'&/)#'&:*"/&
'3)&`>&"*&C*#U0,6&0'&2"8,$&'*#.%:)*&).+0*"./).'#,&#.$&
3)#,'3&;*"(,)/%&'"&'3)&`>&"*&C*#U0,&(8'&2"8,$&()&
%8%-);'0(,)&'"&%8;;,9&#.$&;*0-)&+",#'0,0'94&J3)&"'3)*&
/#K"*&().):0'&":&'30%&#;;*"#-3&2"8,$&()&'"&#,,"2&
%-#*-)&,#.$&#.$&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%&'"&()&%30:')$&:*"/&
#.0/#,&38%(#.$*9&'"&;*0"*0'9&-*";%&%8-3&#%&*0-)&
#.$&23)#'4&
F+0$).-)&%811)%'%&'3#'&=30.#&0%&$"0.1&#&(0'&":&("'34&E%&
2)&%#2&)#*,0)*6&0.&'3)&;#%'&$)-#$)6&-"*.&0/;"*'%&3#+)&
1".)&:*"/&()0.1&.".H)I0%').'&'"&#("8'&Q/.'&#.$&
%"9()#.&0/;"*'%&3#+)&'*0;,)$&'"&MR/.'4&
>0/8,'#.)"8%,96&/)#'&0/;"*'%&3#+)&1*"2.&:0+)H:",$&'"&
N4L/.'4&J30%&'*).$&0%&,0G),9&'"&-".'0.8)&20'3&("'3&:))$&
1*#0.%&#.$&/)#'&0/;"*'%&1*"20.14&J3)&;8*-3#%)&":&'3)&
`>E %&,#*1)%'&;"*G&;*"$8-)*&>/0'3:0),$6&(9&'3)&
=30.)%)&-"/;#.9&>38#.1380&<.')*.#'0".#,&b."2&
-#,,)$&'3)&?5&D*"8;Z6&0%&#&$)/".%'*#'0".&":&3"2&
=30.)%)&/)#'&0/;"*'%&#*)&,0G),9&'"&*0%)4&
&
&
& &

challenges
3+??,5'*0$&-)%#$-&'
=30.#&:))$%&OPW&":&'3)&2"*,$ %&;";8,#'0".&20'3&K8%'&
VW&":&'3)&)#*'3 %&#*#(,)&,#.$6&230-3&2"*G%&"8'&#'&
#("8'&P4PT3#&;)*&;)*%".4&J3)& *)$&,0.) &":&NOP/.&3#&
":&:#*/,#.$&#%&#&=30.)%)&;",0-9&1"#,&0%&#.&
#-G."2,)$1)/).'&":&'30%&;*)%%8*)4&J3)&:0*%'&;",0-9&
$"-8/).'&":&OPNR6&*):)**)$&'"&#%& a"4N&e"-8/).' 6&
)/;3#%0%)$&'3#'&'3)& *)$&,0.) &%3"8,$&()&
%'*0-',9&;*"')-')$4&
J3)&*)#%".&:"*&'30%&"(%)%%0".&0%&%0/;,)Y&=30.#&3#%&,"%'&
:#*/,#.$&-".%0%').',9&"+)*&'3)&9)#*%&$8)&'"&
8*(#.0%#'0".6&-".%'*8-'0".6&,#.$&$)1*#$#'0".&#.$&%"&
".4&E--"*$0.1&'"&=30.# %&:0*%'&.#'0".#,&,#.$&%8*+)9&0.&
NTTS6&#*#(,)&,#.$&#/"8.')$&'"&NQP/.&3#4&J30%&2#%&
)%'0/#')$&'"&3#+)&:#,,).&'"&#("8'&NON/.&3#&(9&OPPV4&
5"2)+)*6&#:')*&#&%)-".$&.#'0".#,&,#.$&%8*+)9&230-3&
-".-,8$)$&0.&OPPT6&(8'&23"%)&*)%8,'&2)*)&".,9&
;8(,0%3)$&,#%'&9)#*6&#*#(,)&,#.$&2#%&."2&)%'0/#')$&#'&
#("8'&NQL/.&3#4&5"2)+)*6&#:')*&$)$8-'0.1&,#.$&%)'&
#%0$)&:"*&*)%'"*#'0".&"*&;",,8')$6&#+#0,#(,)&#*#(,)&#*)#&
2#%&)%'0/#')$&'"&()&K8%'&#("+)&NOP/.&3#4&
J3)& a"4N&e"-8/).' &#,%"&*)-"1.0%)%&'3)&0/;"*'#.-)&
":&$)+),";0.1&%8%'#0.#(,)&#1*0-8,'8*)&#.$&'3)&.))$&'"&
*)%'"*)&;",,8')$&#.$&$)1*#$)$&,#.$4&]#.$&0%&$)1*#$)$&
8%8#,,9&$8)&'"&"+)*H-8,'0+#'0".6&"+)*H1*#U0.1&#.$&
$):"*)%'#'0".4&<.&OPPV6&#&'3*))H9)#*&%'8$9&-".$8-')$&
K"0.',9&(9&'3)&[0.0%'*9&":&?#')*&!)%"8*-)%6&'3)&
=30.)%)&E-#$)/9&":&>-0).-)%&#.$&'3)&=30.)%)&
E-#$)/9&":&F.10.))*0.16&:"8.$&'3#'&"+)*&QLP/.&3#&
":&,#.$&2#%&#::)-')$&(9&)*"%0".6&":&230-3&NSP/.&3#&
2#%&$8)&'"&2#')*&#.$&OPP/.&3#&2#%&$8)&'"&20.$4&
="/(0.)$6&#("8'&R4L(.&'"..)%&":&%"0,&2)*)&)*"$)$&
)#-3&9)#*6&#'&#&-"%'&":&![COPP(.&%0.-)&OPPP4&
]#.$&-#.&#,%"&()&$)1*#$)$&(9&;",,8'0".&#.$&'30%&3#%&
()-"/)&#&/#K"*&-".-)*.&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%4&F#*,0)*&'30%&
9)#*6&=30.# %&+0-)H/0.0%')*&":&,#.$&#.$&*)%"8*-)%6&
?#.1&>3098#.6&."')$&'3#'&#&%"0,&%8*+)9&3#$&0$).'0:0)$&
%"/)&Q4QQ/.&3#&":&-".'#/0.#')$&,#.$4&a"'&'3#'&'3)%)&
#*)&.)2&;*"(,)/%4&<.&OPPS6&g3"8&>3).1I0#.6&'3)&
$0*)-'"*&":&'3)&>'#')&F.+0*"./).'#,&B*"')-'0".&
E$/0.0%'*#'0".&b>FBEZ&%#0$&'3#'&=30.#&:#-)$& %)*0"8% &
%"0,&;",,8'0".&'3#'&2"8,$&#::)-'&("'3&;)";,) %&3)#,'3&
#.$&'3)&).+0*"./).'4&5)&:8*'3)*&."')$&'3#'&
#;;*"I0/#'),9&NO/.'&":&1*#0.&#*)&;",,8')$&)#-3&9)#*&
(9&3)#+9&/)'#,%&:*"/&'3)&%"0,6&20'3&)-"."/0-&,"%%)%&":&
"+)*&`>hO4L(.4&
J"&'#-G,)&'30%&0%%8)6&>FBE&#,".1&20'3&'3)&[0.0%'*9&":&
]#.$&#.$&!)%"8*-)%&K"0.',9&,#8.-3)$&#&%"0,&;",,8'0".&
%8*+)9&20'3&#&(8$1)'&":&`>hNOL/6&20'3&'3)&#0/&":&
#%%)%%0.1&,#.$&;",,8'0".&$8)&'"&3)#+9&/)'#,%6&
;)%'0-0$)%6&#.$&"*1#.0-&;",,8'#.'%6&#.$&8%)&'3)&*)%8,'%&
'"&*)3#(0,0'#')&#::)-')$&,#.$4&?30,)&'30%&%"0,&%8*+)9&
2#%&-"/;,)')$&0.&OPNP6&0'%&*)%8,'%&2)*)&.)+)*&
#.."8.-)$4&J3)&F.+0*"./).'&[0.0%'*9&*)K)-')$&
*)78)%'%&:"*&'3)&%8*+)9&$#'#&'"&()&;8(,0%3)$&%#90.1&
'3#'&'3)9&2)*)&#& %'#')&%)-*)' 4&@)#*%&'3#'&'3)&%8*+)9&
*)%8,'%&/013'&;*"+)&$0%780)'0.1&/#9&()&2),,&:"8.$)$4&
E--"*$0.1&'"&C#0&=3).1%3"86&e);8'9&5)#$&":&'3)&
a#'8*)&#.$&F-","19&=".%)*+#'0".&e);#*'/).'&#'&'3)&
[0.0%'*9&":&F.+0*"./).'#,&B*"')-'0".6&'3)&*)%8,'%&":&
'3)&%8*+)9&2"8,$&()&;8(,0%3)$&#:')*&:8*'3)*&%#/;,0.1&
'"&0/;*"+)&#--8*#-94&5)&#,%"&%#0$&'3#'&'3)&
1"+)*./).'&2#%&0.&'3)&;*"-)%%&":&-"/0.1&8;&20'3&#.&
#-'0".&;,#.&'"&-".'*",&%"0,&;",,8'0".4&
!)-).',96&'3)&1"+)*./).'&*),)#%)$&%'#'0%'0-%&:*"/&#&
%"0,&%8*+)9& &0'&0%&."'&-,)#*&0:&0'&0%&'3)&".)&;*)+0"8%,9&
."')$& &230-3&0.$0-#')&'3#'&.)#*,9&#&:0:'3&":&=30.# %&
:#*/,#.$&0%&;",,8')$&/"%',9&(9&38/#.6&0.$8%'*0#,&#.$&
#1*0-8,'8*#,&#-'0+0'0)%4&E1#0.6&'3)*)&2)*)&#%%8*#.-)%&":&
'3)&1"+)*./).'&'#G0.1&#-'0".&'"&%'";&#.$&*)+)*%)&
'30%&;",,8'0".4&
J3)&G)9&;"0.'&3)*)&0%&'3#'&'3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&0%&
%'*811,0.1&'"&/#0.'#0.&0'%&)I0%'0.1&-8,'0+#')$&,#.$&
(#.G4&`.$)*&'3)%)&-0*-8/%'#.-)%6&0.-*)#%0.1&'3)&
%8;;,9&":&#+#0,#(,)&,#.$&0%&3013,9&8.,0G),94&>"6&#.9&
0.-*)#%)&0.&"8';8'&20,,&3#+)&'"&-"/)&+0#&
).3#.-)$&90),$%4&
E%&2)&;"0.')$&"8'&0.&'3)&;*)+0"8%&%)-'0".6&90),$%&":&
/#K"*&-"//"$0'0)%&3#+)&%'#1.#')$&"*&1*"2.&%,"2,9&0.&
*)-).'&9)#*%4&J3)&-3#*'&(),"2&%3"2%&'3)&90),$&1*"2'3&
"+)*&'3)&;#%'&$)-#$)&:"*&*0-)6&23)#'6&-"*.&#.$&
%"9()#.%4&J3)&90),$&1*"2'3&:"*&("'3&23)#'&#.$&-"*.&
#*)&%3"20.1&#&$)-,0.0.1&'*).$6&230,)&'3#'&:"*&*0-)&0%&
/"*0(8.$&#.$&K8%'&(#*),9&;"%0'0+)4&>"9()#.&90),$&
1*"2'3&3#%&()).&)**#'0-&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%&#.$&".&#&.)'&
(#%0%&3#%&()).&)::)-'0+),9&%'#1.#.'&"+)*&'3)&
;#%'&$)-#$)4&
! !

challenges
4-&)%1%!())#(9!:&%9/!*.2$7-!
&
&
N$2'"&D([NPO(
?$#&D(.&<=3(0'&("0<"2<0#&=($:(0(KVR&0'(9$W.:Y(0W&'0Y&(%03.3(
&
J3)&/"%'&,0G),9&-".-,8%0".&(#%)$&".&'3)&#("+)&30%'"*0-#,&;)*:"*/#.-)&0%&'3#'&:8'8*)&90),$&1#0.%&20,,&()&$0::0-8,'&
'"&#-30)+)4&5"2)+)*6&():"*)&2)&$*#2&"8*&:0.#,&-".-,8%0".&'3)*)&0%&#."'3)*&2#9&'"&-".%0$)*&,".1H')*/&90),$&
;"').'0#,d&,""G&#'&3"2&=30.)%)&90),$%&-"/;#*)&20'3&'3"%)&":&"'3)*&/#K"*&;*"$8-)*%&'"&%))&'3)&;"').'0#,&8;%0$)4&
J3)&-3#*'%&(),"2&%3"2&'3)&OPNRfNL&90),$%&:"*&'3)&'";HNP&;*"$8-)*%&":&)#-3&-"//"$0'94&
F(//:!.&,%!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!
&
N$2'"&D([NPO(
&
(8.0)%
(6.0)%
(4.0)%
(2.0)%
0.0%
2.0%
4.0%
6.0%
8.0%
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Corn Paddy rice Wheat Soybean
6.7 6.7
5.8
5.0
4.8
4.4
4.0
3.5
2.9
2.7
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
China Japan Vietnam Brazil Indonesia Bangladesh Philippines India Thailand Burma
tonnes/hectare

challenges
N-%(7!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!
&
N$2'"&D([NPO(
&
42.)!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!
N$2'"&D([NPO(
&
! !
5.8
5.2
3.9
3.1
3.0 3.0 2.8
2.5
2.0
1.8
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
European
Union
China Ukraine India Canada United
States
Pakistan Russia Turkey Australia
tonnes/hectare
10.9
7.4
7.1
5.9
5.4
5.0
4.6
4.2
3.3
2.4
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
United
States
European
Union
Argentina China Ukraine Brazil Russia South
Africa
Mexico India
tonnes/hectare

challenges
"2:@%()!:&%9/1!G2.!5(H2.!6.2/#,%.1!I?J<KL<DM!
N$2'"&D([NPO(
&
<.&*0-)6&=30.#&#,*)#$9&3#%&'3)&3013)%'&90),$&#,".1&20'3&^#;#.4&<.&23)#'6&0'&0%&".,9&()30.$&'3)&F`4&<.&-"*.6&0'&0%&
-".%0$)*#(,9&()30.$&'3)&`>&#.$&'3)&F`6&(8'&0%&%'0,,&0.&:"8*'3&;,#-)&#3)#$&":&C*#U0,4&<.&%"9()#.%6&0'&0%&.)#*&'3)&
("''"/&":&'3)&;#-G4&5"2)+)*6&0'&0%&2"*'3&)/;3#%0%0.1&'3#'&=30.#&0%&#&*),#'0+),9&/0."*&;,#9)*&0.&%"9()#.&
;*"$8-'0".4&?3#'&0'&$")%&$)/".%'*#')&0%&'3#'6&23).&0'&-"/)%&'"&'3)&'3*))&/#0.&1*#0.%6&=30.#&$")%&."'&,#1&
%01.0:0-#.',9&()30.$&'3)&"'3)*&/#K"*&;*"$8-)*%4&["*)&0/;"*'#.',96&23)*)&=30.)%)&90),$%&,#16&0'&-#.."'&()&
#%%8/)$&'3#'&'3)&).'0*)&1#;&-#.&()&(*0$1)$4&B#*'&":&'3)&1#;&-"8,$&()&#''*0(8'#(,)&'"&$0::)*).-)%&0.&#1*"H
)-","10-#,&).+0*"./).'%&)414&.#'8*#,&:#-'"*%&%8-3&#%&%"0,&"*&-,0/#')6&230-3&-#.."'&()&"+)*-"/)4&J3)&*)%'&-"8,$&
()&$8)&'"&:)*'0,0%)*%6&0**01#'0".6&-*";&/#.#1)/).'&:#*/0.1&;*#-'0-)%&#.$&%"&".& &230-3&-"8,$&()&(*0$1)$6&#'&,)#%'&
0.&'3)"*94&5"2)+)*6&0.&;*#-'0-)6&'3)&.#**"20.1&":&'30%&1#;&20,,&()&,0/0')$&(9&'3)&)I').'&'"&230-3&0'&0%&
)-"."/0-#,,9&:)#%0(,)4&
c+)*&'3)&;#%'&'2"&$)-#$)%6&=30.#&3#%&/#$)&%'*).8"8%&)::"*'%&'"&0.-*)#%)&90),$%4&>;)-0:0-#,,9&0'&3#%&$"8(,)$&'3)&
8%)&":&:)*'0,0%)*%&#.$&0.-*)#%)$&0**01#')$&#*)#%&(9&#;;*"I0/#'),9&".)H'30*$4&
4-&)(!&..&*(7%/!(.%(!()/!G%.7&9&1%.!,2)1#567&2)!
N$2'"&D(?SN4(
&
3.2
3.0
2.8 2.7 2.7 2.6
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
United
States
Brazil Argentina Uruguay Canada Paraguay Ukraine China Russia India
tonnes/hectare
29
32
33
36
38 40 41 41 41 43 43 44
46 48 49
51 52
54 56 57 58
49 49 49 49 50 51 52 53 54 54 54 54 54 55 56 57
58 59 60 62 63
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
milliontonnes
millionhectares
Fertiliser consumption (RHS) Irrigated area

challenges
?30,)&'3)&*#')&":&1*"2'3&0.&:)*'0,0%)*%&3#%&%,"2)$&0.&
'3)&;#%'&$)-#$)6&0**01#'0".&3#%&0.-*)#%)$4&5"2)+)*6&
'3)&1*"2'3&0.&90),$%&'3#'&=30.#&-#.&)I;)-'&:*"/&'3)%)&
'2"&/)#%8*)%&0.&'3)&:8'8*)&0%&,0/0')$&:"*&*)#%".%&2)&
"8',0.)&(),"24&
?30,)&'3)&8%)&":&:)*'0,0%)*%&3#%&0.-*)#%)$&90),$%6&0'&3#%&
#,%"&-".'*0(8')$&'"&,#.$6&2#')*&#.$&#0*&;",,8'0".4&["%'&
":&=30.# %&-3)/0-#,&0.;8'%&#*)&#;;,0)$&0.)::0-0).',94&
J3)&?"*,$&C#.G&)%'0/#')$&'3#'6&0.&OPNO6&=30.#&
#;;,0)$&%"/)&SLPG1&":&:)*'0,0%)*&;)*&3)-'#*)&":&#*#(,)&
,#.$& &'3)&3013)%'&(9&:#*&#/".1&/#K"*&#1*0-8,'8*#,&
.#'0".%6&)+).&$)+),";)$&".)%4&@"*&-"/;#*0%".6&'3)&
-"**)%;".$0.1&.8/()*%&2)*)&NSQG1&:"*&<.$0#6&NLSG1&
:"*&'3)&F`6&NVNG1&:"*&C*#U0,6&NQNG1&:"*&'3)&`>6&MLG1&:"*&
=#.#$#6&RLG1&:"*&E8%'*#,0#&#.$&QTG1&:"*&E*1).'0.#4&
>"6&)+).&1*)#')*&8%)&":&:)*'0,0%)*&0%&,0G),9&'"&3#+)&#&
,)%%)*&)::)-'&".&90),$%6&#.$&/013'&)+).&3#+)&#&.)1#'0+)&
0.$0*)-'&)::)-'&$8)&'"&,#.$&#.$&2#')*&;",,8'0".4&
g38#.1&D8"'#06&'3)&[0.0%'*9&":&F.+0*"./).'#,&
B*"')-'0". %&e0*)-'"*&":&a#'8*)&#.$&F-","19&
=".%)*+#'0".6&%'#')$&0.&#&;*)%%&-".:)*).-)&0.&E;*0,&
OPNQ6&'3#'&".,9&#("8'&QLW&":&:)*'0,0%)*&8%)$&0.&#&
'9;0-#,&=30.)%)&:#*/&-".'*0(8')$&'"&-*";&1*"2'34&J3)&
*)%'&)+#;"*#')%6&2#%3)%&"::&0.'"&%'*)#/%6&"*&0%&
-".%8/)$&(9&;)";,)&"*&#.0/#,%4&>"6&0'&."'&".,9&
-".'#0.%&#.&)-"."/0-&-"%'&(8'&#.&).+0*"./).'#,&".)&
'""4&J3)&=30.)%)&E-#$)/9&":&E1*0-8,'8*#,&>-0).-)%&
b=EE>Z&;*)$0-')$&,#%'&9)#*&'3#'&#,,&-).'*#,&#.$&>"8'3&
F#%')*.&;*"+0.-)%&(#*&^0#.1I0&#.$&>3#.I0&2)*)&#'&3013&
*0%G&":&%8::)*0.1&1*"8.$2#')*&.0'*#')&;",,8'0".&(9&
OPNL4&
?30,)&0**01#'0".&-#.&,)#$&'"&3013)*&90),$%6&'3)*)&0%&#&
$0::)*).'&-".%'*#0.'&'3)*)& &2#')*d&=30.#&$")%&."'&
3#+)&)."813&":&0'&#.$&23#'&0'&3#%&0%&0.-*)#%0.1,9&
;",,8')$&#.$&."'&23)*)&0'&0%&*)780*)$&'3)&/"%'4&>0/0,#*&
'"&'3)&-#%)&20'3&,#.$6&=30.#&%8;;"*'%&OPW&":&'3)&
2"*,$ %&;";8,#'0".&20'3&K8%'&"+)*&VW&":&'3)&2"*,$ %&
*).)2#(,)&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%4&c.&#&;)*&-#;0'#&(#%0%&'30%&
0%&"+)*&O6PPP&-8(0-&/)'*)%&":&*).)2#(,)&2#')*&;#6&
230,)&'3)&1,"(#,&#+)*#1)&0%&"+)*&'3*))&'0/)%&'3#'&
.8/()*4&5"2)+)*6&)+).&'30%&30$)%&#&%'#*G&*)10".#,&
$0%;#*0'9& &'3)&a"*'3)*.&*)10".%&#--"8.'&:"*&".,9&
#("8'&NVW&":&'3)&'"'#,&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%4&E'&'3)&%#/)&
'0/)6&'3)9&#--"8.'&:"*&OVW&":&'3)&;";8,#'0".&#.$&
#("8'&RRW&":&'3)&-8,'0+#')$&,#.$4&
4-&)(!)2.7-%.)!()/!12#7-%.)!.%*&2)1!/&16(.&7:!
N$2'"&D(?SN4(
& &
28%
44%
18%
72%
56%
82%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Population Cultivated area Water resources
North South

challenges
J3)&-3#*'&(),"2&%3"2%&'3)&*).)2#(,)&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%&#+#0,#(,)&;)*&;)*%".&#-*"%%&;*"+0.-)%4&J3)&*#.1)&)I').$%&
:*"/&NRQ&-8(0-&/)'*)%&0.&>3#.13#0&'"&NQM6QMV&-8(0-&/)'*)%&0.&J0()'4&J0()'&0%&"(+0"8%,9&#.&"8',0)*6&%0.-)&0'&0%&'3)&
%"8*-)&":&/#.9&,#*1)&*0+)*%&#.$&3#%&#&,"2&;";8,#'0".4&5"2)+)*6&>3#.13#0&0%&."'4&J3)&-3#*'&(),"2&%3"2%&'3)&
;*"+0.-)%&20'3&'3)&,"2)%'&2#')*&*)%"8*-)%6&/"%'&":&230-3&#*)&0.&'3)&a"*'34&J"&;8'&'30%&0.'"&;)*%;)-'0+)6&'3)&
1,"(#,&-"/;#*#(,)%&:"*&%0/0,#*&*).)2#(,)&2#')*&*)%"8*-)&,)+),%&#*)&^"*$#.&#.$&<%*#),4&
+%)%$(@9%!$(7%.!.%12#.,%1!
N$2'"&D(?SN4(
?$#&D(?$'#1&':('&Y.$:3(0'&(.:(R&<<$/((
&
J3)&;*)+0"8%&$0%-8%%0".&:"-8%)$&".&'3)&%8;;,9&":&2#')*&230,)&'3)&:",,"20.1&:"-8%)%&".&2#')*&8%#1)4&J3)&G)9&
/)'*0-&3)*)&0%&'3)&;)*-).'#1)&":&%8;;,9&'3#'&0%&8%)$&#..8#,,94&=".%0$)*&C)0K0.1Y&'3)&#+)*#1)&0.3#(0'#.'&8%)$&
#("8'&NMS&-8(0-&/)'*)%&0.&OPNO6&#("8'&TNW&":&'3)&%8;;,94&J3)&'#(,)&(),"2&3013,013'%&8%#1)&;)*&-#;0'#&#.$&8%#1)&
#%&#&;)*-).'#1)&":&%8;;,9&:"*&'3"%)&:)2&%),)-')$&;*"+0.-)%&23)*)&8%#1)&#,*)#$9&)I-))$%&#+#0,#(0,0'9&"*&-,"%)&'"&0'4&
N(7%.!#1(*%!&)!1%9%,7%/!6.2>&),%1!
&
N$2'"&D(?SN4(
?$#&D(?$'#1&':('&Y.$:3(0'&(.:(R&<<$/((
143
168
193
238
145
231
0.0
50.0
100.0
150.0
200.0
250.0
Shanghai Ningxia Beijing Tianjin Jordan Israel
cubicmetres/person
167 176 204 230 254 269 491 698 1,078
70% 91% 69% 81% 90%
83%
342%
148%
642%
0%
100%
200%
300%
400%
500%
600%
700%
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Tianjin Beijing Shanxi Shandong Henan Hebei Shanghai Jiangsu Ningxia
cubicmetres
Water use per capita Usage / supply (RHS)

challenges
?30,)&2#')*&#+#0,#(0,0'9&#::)-'%&.)#*,9&)+)*9&#%;)-'&":&'3)&)-"."/96&'3)&0/;#-'&0%&;*"(#(,9&1*)#')%'&0.&
#1*0-8,'8*)6&230-3&#--"8.'%&:"*&#("8'&#&'30*$&":&=30.# %&'"'#,&2#')*&8%#1)4&["%'&-*";%&*)780*)&#("8'&L6PPPH
V6PPP&'"..)%&":&2#')*&;)*&3)-'#*)&0.&#&%0.1,)&1*"20.1&%)#%".4&J38%6&#.9&%-#*-0'9&":&2#')*&20,,&,)#$&'"&;""*&
90),$%4&J"&%))&'3)&%-";)&":&'30%&;*"(,)/&:"*&=30.#6&-".%0$)*&'3)&:",,"20.1&-3#*'Y&0'&%3"2%&'3)&2#')*&
8%#1)f#+#0,#(0,0'9&;)*-).'#1)&:"*&'3)&'";&:0+)&;*"+0.-)%&'3#'&2)*)&*)%;".%0(,)&:"*&QLW&":&=30.# %&#1*0-8,'8*#,&
"8';8'&0.&OPNO4&J30%&0.-,8$)%&:#*/0.16&:"*)%'*96&#.0/#,&38%(#.$*9&#.$&:0%3)*94&?0'3&'3)&)I-);'0".&":&>0-38#.6&
'3)&*)%'&":&'3)&;*"+0.-)%&#*)&#,*)#$9&#'&-*0'0-#,&2#')*&8%#1)&,)+),%4&E.9&:8*'3)*&$)')*0"*#'0".&0.&2#')*&#+#0,#(0,0'9&
20,,&#::)-'&#1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'4&E'&'3)&%#/)&'0/)6&0'&#,%"&$)/".%'*#')%&'3#'&'3)*)&0%&+)*9&,0'',)&%-";)&:"*&0.-*)#%0.1&
0**01#'0".&0.&'3)%)&;*"+0.-)%4&
F.2>&),&(9!,2)7.&@#7&2)!72!727(9!2#76#7!()/!$(7%.!#1(*%!
&
N$2'"&D(?SN4(
&
J3)&%)-".$&#%;)-'&":&'3)&2#')*&%8;;,9&;*"(,)/&0%&
;",,8'0".4&<.&OPNQ6&#&[0.0%'*9&":&]#.$&#.$&!)%"8*-)%&
%8*+)9&:"8.$&"+)*&3#,:&'3)&1*"8.$2#')*&".&'3)&a"*'3&
=30.#&B,#0.&'"&()&8.%80'#(,)&:"*&0.$8%'*0#,&8%)&#.$&
"+)*&MPW&8.%80'#(,)&:"*&38/#.&-".'#-'4&E--"*$0.1&'"&
'3)&[0.0%'*9&":&F.+0*"./).'#,&B*"')-'0". %&b[FBZ&
OPNO&>'#')&":&F.+0*"./).'&!);"*'6&#("8'&QPW&":&'3)&
2#')*&0.&'3)&').&(011)%'&*0+)*%&2#%& ;",,8')$ &"*& 3013,9&
;",,8')$ 4&<'&#,%"&:"8.$&'3#'&/"*)&'3#.&3#,:&":&'3)&
1*"8.$2#')*&0.&NTV&-0'0)%&2#%& (#$ &"*& +)*9&(#$ 4&J3)&
-30):&;*"(,)/&2#%&'3)&3013&,)+),&":&-3)/0-#,&;",,8'0".&
/"%',9&:*"/&0.$8%'*9&#.$&#.0/#,&38%(#.$*94&&
J"&"+)*-"/)&'3)&;*"(,)/%&":&2#')*&%-#*-0'9&=30.#&3#%&
)/(#*G)$&".&'3)&#/(0'0"8%&>"8'3Ha"*'3&?#')*&
e0+)*%0".&B*"K)-'6&#&/"$)*.&+)*%0".&":&</;)*0#,&
=30.# %&D*#.$&=#.#,6&230-3&20,,&-".%8/)&"+)*&
`>hVP(.&":&0.+)%'/).'&0.&'3)&.)I'&:)2&$)-#$)%&0.&#.&
#'')/;'&'"&$0+)*'&2#')*&:*"/&'3)&A#.1'U)&!0+)*&'"&'3)&
;#*-3)$&*)10".%&":&'3)&a"*'34&J3)&:0*%'&,)1& &'3)&
)#%')*.&*"8')& &()1#.&%8;;,90.1&2#')*&'"&e)U3"8&0.&
>3#.$".1&B*"+0.-)&,#')&,#%'&9)#*4&5"2)+)*6&'3)&2#')*&
0%&;",,8')$&#.$&:"*&."2&0%&".,9&%80'#(,)&".,9&:"*&
0.$8%'*0#,&;8*;"%)%4&
D0+).&'3)&;*"(,)/%&":&2#')*&78#.'0'9&#.$&78#,0'96&0'&0%&
#,/"%'&-)*'#0.&'3#'&=30.#&0%&1"0.1&'"&%'*811,)&'"&
%8;;,9&-,)#.&2#')*&:"*&0'%&#1*0-8,'8*#,&.))$%4&>"6&#.9&
90),$&).3#.-)/).'%&:*"/&1*)#')*&0**01#'0".&#*)&
8.,0G),9&'"&/#')*0#,0%)4&
?)&3#+)&#.#,9%)$&'3)&/#K"*&:#-'"*%&'3#'&-#.&0.-*)#%)&
#1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'& &.#/),96&,#.$&#.$&2#')*4&D0+).&
'3)&-".%'*#0.'%&;*)%).'6&=30.#&20,,&:0.$&0'&0.-*)#%0.1,9&
$0::0-8,'&'"&0.-*)#%)&"8';8'&+0#&'3)%)&:#-'"*%4&c8';8'&
1*"2'3&2"8,$&3#+)&'"&-"/)&:*"/&),%)23)*)6&:"*&
)I#/;,)6&,#.$&-".%",0$#'0".6&/)-3#.0%#'0".6&
0/;*"+)$&%))$%&#.$&()'')*&-*";&/#.#1)/).'&
;*#-'0-)%4&
9% 7% 6% 6% 6%
81%
90%
148%
9%
83%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
0%
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
Shandong Henan Jiangsu Sichuan Hebei
Agricultural output contribution Water usage / supply (RHS)

challenges
J3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&3#%&0.+)%')$&3)#+0,9&0.&
1).)'0-#,,9&/"$0:0)$&-*";%4&5"2)+)*6&'3)*)&#*)&
-".-)*.%&#/".1&'3)&=30.)%)&"+)*&'3)&%#:)'9&":&D[&
-*";%&%#:)'9& &#.&8.$)*%'#.$#(,)&".)&10+).&#%%"*')$&
:""$&%#:)'9&%-#.$#,%&0.&*)-).'&9)#*%4&J"&#,,#9&:)#*%6&'3)&
1"+)*./).'&,#8.-3)$&#&/)$0#&-#/;#01.&0.&
>);')/()*&OPNR&0.&%8;;"*'&":&D[&-*";%4&<'&3";)%&'"&
)$8-#')&'3)&;8(,0-&#.$&-*)#')&#&:#+"8*#(,)&
#'/"%;3)*)&:"*&'3)&$)+),";/).'&":&'3)&D[&0.$8%'*94&
<.&'3)&%#/)&/".'36&'3)&1"+)*./).'&#,%"&*),)#%)$&
B*)%0$).'&i0&^0.;0.1 %&8.;8(,0%3)$&%;))-3&:*"/&
e)-)/()*&OPNQ6&23)*)0.&3)&).$"*%)$&D[&-*";%4&
B#*#$"I0-#,,96&$)%;0')&#.&#-'0+)&-#/;#01.&'"&;*"/"')&
D[&-*";%6&'3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&3#%&*)K)-')$&
0/;"*'%&":&`>&-"*.&%0.-)&a"+)/()*&OPNQ&$8)&'"&'3)&
;*)%).-)&":&>9.1).'# %&[<!NSO&1).)'0-#,,9&/"$0:0)$&
-"*.6&/#*G)')$&#%&0;')*#4&=30.#&3#%&9)'&'"&#;;*"+)&
'3)&[<!NSO&+#*0)'9&:"*&0/;"*'%&#,'3"813&>9.1).'#&
#;;,0)$&0.&OPNP4&J3)&%#/)&%'*#0.&-#.&()&0/;"*')$&0.'"&
'3)&F`& &$)%;0')&0'%&+0*8,).',9&#.'0HD[c&%'#.$4&
J3)*):"*)&'3)&#-'0".%&":&'3)&=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&
/013'6&#'&:0*%'&1,#.-)6&#;;)#*&0**#'0".#,4&5"2)+)*&
'3)*)&0%&,"10-&'"&'3)0*&;",0-9&*)%;".%)4&!)-#,,&"8*&
)#*,0)*&'#(,)&".&=30.)%)&-"*.&%'#'0%'0-%6&230-3&
3013,013'%&3"2&=30.)%)&;*"$8-'0".&3#%&0.-*)#%)$&(9&
%"/)&MPW&"+)*&'3)&;#%'&$)-#$)4&[8-3&":&'30%&2#%&
#-30)+)$&(9&'3)&1"+)*./).'&8%0.1&3013)*&;*0-)%&'"&
0.-).'0+0%)&#.$&;*"/"')&$"/)%'0-&;*"$8-'0".4&>)).&
:*"/&'30%&;)*%;)-'0+)6&'3)&=30.)%)&#*)&/"%'&,0G),9&
8%0.1&'3)&D[&0%%8)&#%&#&%/"G)&%-*)).&'"&,0/0'&
0/;"*'%4&E."'3)*&;"%%0(,)&)I;,#.#'0".&0%&'3#'&'3)&
=30.)%)&#*)&#'')/;'0.1&'"&$0+)*%0:9&'3)0*&-"*.&0/;"*'&
%"8*-)4&E:')*&#,,6&0.&OPNQ6&.)#*,9&#,,&":&=30.# %&-"*.&
0/;"*'%&"*010.#')$&0.&'3)&`>4&E,'3"813&0/;"*'%&20,,&
,0G),9&-".'0.8)&'"&*0%)6&)78#,,9&,0G),96&'3)&1"+)*./).'&
20,,&-".'0.8)&'"&,0/0'&'3)/4&
E%&#&:""'."')6&."')&'3#'&>9.1).'#&0%&()0.1&%8)$&(9&
=#*10,,&#.$&%"/)&`>H(#%)$&:#*/)*%&:"*&/#*G)'0.1&0'%&
0;')*#&%))$&():"*)&0'&"('#0.)$&0/;"*'&#;;*"+#,&:*"/&
=30.#4&J30%&$)/".%'*#')%&'3)&0/;#-'&'3#'&=30.)%)&
;",0-0)%&."2&3#+)&"+)*%)#%4&E,'3"813&'3)&-"8.'*9&
-8**).',9&0/;"*'%&#&/)*)&Q/.'&":&-"*.6&9"8&".,9&.))$&
'"&,""G&#&:)2&9)#*%&3).-)&23).&'30%&.)#*&*"8.$0.1&
)**"*&()-"/)%&/#')*0#,4&
c(+0"8%,9&#,,&":&'3)&#("+)&$)/".%'*#')%&'3#'&'3)&
=30.)%)&1"+)*./).'&*)-"1.0%)%&'3#'&'3)&#1*0-8,'8*)&
%)-'"*&.))$%&'"&()&'*#.%:"*/)$4&J3)&:",,"20.1&%)-'0".&
,""G%&#'&3"2&'3)&%'#')&%8;;"*'%&#1*0-8,'8*)4&
&
&

challenges
@0:.)$4.$-'%$2'-".'%()#*+,-+).'&.*-0)'
=30.# %&#1*0-8,'8*#,&%)-'"*&3#%&20'.)%%)$&/#K"*&%'*8-'8*#,&-3#.1)%&%0.-)&'3)&:"8.$#'0".&":&'3)&B)";,) %&!);8(,0-&
0.&NTRT4&<.&0'%&:"*/#'0+)&9)#*%6&'3)&%'#')&'""G&-".'*",&":&#,,&,#.$&#.$&)%'#(,0%3)$&#&/".";",9&".&'3)&;8*-3#%)&
#.$&/#*G)'0.1&":&:#*/&"8';8'4&<.&NTLV6&'3)&-",,)-'0+)&:#*/%&2)*)&/)*1)$&0.'"&,#*1)*& ;)";,) %&-"//8.)% &#.$&
;*0+#')&:""$&;*"$8-'0".&2#%&(#..)$4&@"*&'3)&.)I'&'2).'9&9)#*%&'3)&-"//8.)&%9%')/&*)$8-)$&0.-).'0+)%6&
*)/"+)$&;*0-)&%01.#,%&#.$&;*)+).')$&'3)&)::0-0).'&#,,"-#'0".&":&*)%"8*-)%4&
O>29#7&2)!2G!4-&)%1%!(*.&,#97#.%!
F%.&2/! F29&7&,(9!%>%)71! P56(,7!2)!(*.&,#97#.%!
<;K;! !<;D?!! !)$0%'*0(8'0".&":&,#.$&:*"/&,#.$,"*$%&
'"&;)#%#.'%4&
D*#0.&"8';8'&0.-*)#%)$&'"&NSR/.'&8;&RVW&
:*"/&NTRT&E1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'&*)#-3)$&
=aARS(.&0.&NTLO6&.)#*,9&$"8(,0.1&:*"/&NTRT&
<;D8! !<;DQ!! =",,)-'0+0%#'0".&":&,#.$&="H";)*#'0+)&:#*/%& E1*0-8,'8*#,&+#,8)&1*)2&".,9&Q4NW6&230,)&1*#0.&
"8';8'&1*)2&Q4LW& &#&$*#/#'0-&*)$8-'0".&
:*"/&NRW&#.$&NQW&0.&'3)&NTRTHLO&;)*0"$&
<;DR! !<;SJ!! J3)&D*)#'&])#;&@"*2#*$& B)";,) %&-"//8.)% &
2)*)&)%'#(,0%3)$&#.$&;*0+#')&:""$&;*"$8-'0".&
(#..)$&
C)'2)).&NTLV&#.$&NTSP6&#1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'&
:),,&(9&#&:0:'36&#.$&1*#0.&"8';8'&(9&"+)*&#&
78#*')*&
<;S<! !<;SD!! J3)&!)H#$K8%'/).'&B)*0"$&J3)&1"+)*./).'&
#$";')$&'3)&;*0.-0;,)&":& *)#$K8%'/).'6&
-".%",0$#'0".6&%8;;,)/).'#'0".&#.$&
0/;*"+)/).' 4&
="/;#*)$&'"&NTSP6&#1*0-8,'8*#,&"8';8'&1*)2&
VOW&#.$&1*#0.&"8';8'&(9&"+)*&#&'30*$&
<;SS! !<;QS!! J3)&=8,'8*#,&!)+",8'0".& E..8#,&1*"2'3&0.&#1*0-8,'8*#,&+#,8)&#.$&
1*#0.%&"8';8'&%,"2)$&$"2.&$*#/#'0-#,,9&'"&
K8%'&"+)*&Q4LW&
&
N$2'"&D(?SN47(C1&(A$%.:3$:(A$]03(O'"1.W&7(4$<<&"#.W.30#.$:(0:=(41.:0 3(0Y'."2<#2'0<("'.3.3(.:(+Z,ZV+Z@+7(41.:&3&(8"$:$9."(A&T$'93(0:=(
L&'#.<.#R(S&10W.$2'M(
&
<.&NTMV6&e).1&i0#";0.1&0.0'0#')$&*8*#,&*):"*/%6&230-3&
,)$&'"&'3)&#(",0'0".&":&'3)&-"//8.)&%9%')/4&E/".1&
'3)&;",0-9&-3#.1)%&0.'*"$8-)$&'3)*)#:')*6&;)*3#;%&'3)&
/"%'&%01.0:0-#.'&2#%&'3)&5"8%)3",$&!)%;".%0(0,0'9&
>9%')/&b5!>Z4&`.$)*&'30%6&,#.$&2#%&#%%01.)$&'"&
3"8%)3",$%&:"*&NL&9)#*%&b#.$&,#')*&QP&9)#*%Z6&#.$&)#-3&
2#%&10+).&-*";&78"'#%&'"&:8,:0,4&J3)&78"'#%&2)*)&
*),#'0+),9&%/#,,&(8'&#.9'30.1&#("+)&'3#'&-"8,$&()&%",$&
:"*&;*":0'&0.&'3)&";).&/#*G)'4&J30%&/)#.'&'3#'&:#*/)*%&
2)*)&;*"+0$)$&20'3&0.-).'0+)%&'"&0.-*)#%)&"8';8'4&<.&
'3)&0.0'0#,&;)*0"$&":&'3)%)&*):"*/%6&()'2)).&NTMV&#.$&
NTVR6&1*#0.&"8';8'&1*)2&LW&#..8#,,94&5"2)+)*6&".-)&
'3)&)#%9&20.%&2)*)&"+)*6&#..8#,&1*"2'3&$)-),)*#')$&'"&
N4OW&"+)*&'3)&.)I'&$)-#$)4&!0%0.1&;*0-)%&#.$&0/;"*'%&
.)-)%%0'#')$&#."'3)*&*"8.$&":&*):"*/%&%8-3&#%&'3)&
D"+)*."* %&D*#0.&C#1&!)%;".%0(0,0'9&>9%')/ 6&230-3&
/#$)&;*"+0.-0#,&1"+)*."*%&*)%;".%0(,)&:"*&(#,#.-0.1&
1*#0.&%8;;,9&#.$&$)/#.$&#.$&%'#(0,0%0.1&1*#0.&;*0-)%&
0.&'3)0*&;*"+0.-)%4&
?30,)&'3)&5!>&2#%&-)*'#0.,9&#&/#K"*&0/;*"+)/).'&".&
'3)&-"//8.)&%9%')/6&0'&2#%&:#*&:*"/&;)*:)-'4&J3)&G)9&
;*"(,)/&2#%&'3#'6&10+).&'3)&,#*1)&;";8,#'0".&#.$&,0/0')$&
,#.$&#+#0,#(,)6&)#-3&3"8%)3",$&".,9&*)-)0+)$&#&%/#,,&
#/"8.'&'"&:#*/4&J30%&;*"(,)/&2#%&#--).'8#')$&(9&'3)&
:#-'&'3#'6&%0.-)&,#.$&;#*-),%&3#$&$0::)*).'&%"0,&
-3#*#-')*0%'0-%6&%80'#(0,0'9&:"*&0**01#'0".6&,"-#'0".6&#.$&%"&
".6&#.$&%0.-)&)#-3&3"8%)3",$&3#$&'"&1)'&;#*-),%&:"*&#,,&
1*#$)%6&'3)&,#.$&'3#'&'3)9&1"'&2#%&:*#1/).')$&#.$&
%-#'')*)$4&J30%&,0/0')$&'3)&%-";)&:"*&)-"."/0)%&":&%-#,)&
'3*"813&0**01#'0".&#.$&/)-3#.0%#'0".4&@8*'3)*/"*)6&#%&
'30%&2#%&#&-".'0.8"8%&;*"-)%%6&#.&0.-*)#%0.1&;";8,#'0".&
0/;,0)$&:8*'3)*&,#.$&:*#1/).'#'0".4&@0.#,,96&%0.-)&'3)&
;*"-)%%&)/;3#%0%)$&3"8%)3",$&%0U)&#.$&$0%*)1#*$)$&
-#;#(0,0'96&/#.9&3"8%)3",$%&*)-)0+)$&,#*1)&,#.$&;#*-),%&
(8'&20'3&,0/0')$&,#("8*&:"*-)%6&#.$&+0-)&+)*%#& &'38%&
30.$)*0.1&#.&)::0-0).'&#,,"-#'0".&":&#&%-#*)&*)%"8*-)4&J30%&
;*"(,)/&2#%&)I#-)*(#')$&(9&8*(#.&/01*#'0".6&230-3&
:8*'3)*&*)$8-)$&'3)&*8*#,&,#("8*&:"*-)4&&
>"/)&":&'3)%)&;*"(,)/%&2)*)&#$$*)%%)$&20'3&*):"*/%&
'3#'&,0/0')$&*)$0%'*0(8'0".6&)I').$)$&').8*)&#.$&
20$).)$&'3)&%-";)&:"*&*).'0.1&"8'&,#.$4&J30%&,)$&'"&'3)&
$)+),";/).'&":&#&,#.$&*).'#,&/#*G)'6&(8'&'3)&
#1*))/).'%&').$)$&'"&()&0.:"*/#,&#.$&%3"*'H')*/4&
J3)&J30*$&B,).8/&":&'3)&NM'3&B#*'9&=".1*)%%&0.&OPPV&
)/;3#%0%)$&'3)&.))$&'"&).-"8*#1)&'3)&,#.$&*).'#,&
/#*G)'6&#.$&%0.-)&'3).&;",0-9&/#G)*%&3#+)&
)I;)*0/).')$&20'3&+#*0"8%&;0,"'&;*"K)-'%4&E;#*'&:*"/&
*).'0.1&,#.$H8%)&*013'%6&'3)*)&3#+)&#,%"&()).&#'')/;'%&
'"&/"*'1#1)&#%%)'%&'"&*#0%)&:0.#.-0.14&J3)&OPNQ& a"4&N&
e"-8/).' &-#,,)$&:"*&#&'*#.%0'0".&'"&,#*1)H%-#,)&:#*/%&

challenges
0.&=30.#&#.$&).-"8*#1)$&:#*/)*%&'"&*).'&"8'&'3)0*&
,#.$&'"&,#*1)&:#*/0.1&).'0'0)%6&-"H";)*#'0+)%&#.$&
#1*0-8,'8*#,&).')*;*0%)%4&J3)*)&0%&)+).&#& ,#*1)&:#*/ &
%8(%0$9&()0.1&')%')$&0.&#&:)2&;*"+0.-)%6&10+).&'"&
:#*/)*%&;,#.'0.1&/"*)&'3#.&#&-)*'#0.&;*"+0.-)H
%;)-0:0-&#*)#&":&1*#0.4&E,,&":&'30%&3#%&3#$&#.&)::)-'& &
'3)&[0.0%'*9&":&E1*0-8,'8*)&)%'0/#')$&'3#'&0.&OPNQ6&
#*"8.$&OSW&":&=30.# %&:#*/,#.$&3#$&()).&*).')$6&8;&
:*"/&#;;*"I0/#'),9&TW&0.&OPPV4&
["*)&*):"*/%&#*)&".&'3)&2#94&J3)&J30*$&B,).8/&":&
'3)&NV'3&=B=&=).'*#,&="//0''))6&-".-,8$)$&,#%'&9)#*6&
#0/)$&'"&;*"+0$)&:#/)*%&20'3&1*)#')*&;*";)*'9&*013'%6&
0.-*)#%)&:#*/)*% &;*";)*'9&0.-"/)&#.$&#,,"2&*8*#,&
*)%0$).'%&'"&().):0'&:*"/&/"$)*.0%#'0".4&>;)-0:0-#,,9Y&
b0Z&).$"2&:#*/)*%&20'3&/"*'1#1)&#.$&18#*#.'))&
;"2)*&:"*&-".'*#-'8#,&/#.#1)/).'&*013'%6&b00Z&
;*";"%)&'"&;8%3&:"*2#*$& -#8'0"8%,9&#.$&%')#$0,9 &
-",,#')*#,6&18#*#.'))&#.$&'*#.%:)*&":&:#*/)*% &
*)%0$).'0#,&;*";)*'9&*013'%6&b000Z&).$"2&:#*/)*%&20'3&
*013'%&:"*&;"%%)%%0".6&0.-"/)6&;,)$1)6&18#*#.'))6&
0.3)*0'#.-)&#.$&;#0$&20'3$*#2#,&":&%3#*)%&0.&
-",,)-'0+)&#%%)'%6&#.$&b0+Z&;*";"%)&'"&%8;;"*'&'3)&
$)+),";/).'&":&,#*1)H%-#,)6&;*":)%%0".#,0%)$&#.$&
/"$)*.0%)$&";)*#'0".%4&E&-".-*)')&)I#/;,)&0%&'3#'&0'&
#,,"2%&-",,)-'0+),9H"2.)$& *8*#,&-".%'*8-'0".&,#.$&:"*&
-"//)*-0#,&8%) &'"&()&'*#.%:)**#(,)&#.$&*).'#(,)&#.$&
#0/%&'"&(80,$&#&8.0:0)$&/#*G)'&:"*&("'3&8*(#.&#.$&
*8*#,&-".%'*8-'0".&,#.$4&c'3)*&/#K"*&*):"*/%&0.-,8$)&
'3)&*)$8-'0".&0.&%-";)&":&,#.$&)I;*";*0#'0".&(9&,"-#,&
1"+)*./).'%4&&
@"*&%8*)6&'30%&0%&#&%'#')/).'&":&0.').'&#'&'30%&%'#1)&#.$&
'3)&)I').'&":&0/;,)/).'#'0".&*)/#0.%&'"&()&%)).4&
["%'&*):"*/%&'"&$#')&#*)&#'&'3)&;0,"'H')%'&%'#1)&#.$&
."'&-,"%)&'"&*",,"8'&#.$&)I)-8'0".&#'&.#'0".#,&,)+),4&
["*)"+)*6&%"/)&":&'3)%)&0.0'0#'0+)%&/013'&()&$0::0-8,'&
'"&0/;,)/).'&()-#8%)&,"-#,&1"+)*./).'%6&23"%)&
*)+).8)%&20,,&()&*)$8-)$6&/013'&";;"%)&'3)/4&
E--"*$0.1&'"&?"*,$&C#.G&$#'#6&".&#+)*#1)6&,"-#,&
1"+)*./).'%&*)-)0+)&RPW&":&'3)&'#I&*)+).8)%&:*"/&'3)&
-).'*#,&1"+)*./).'6&(8'&#*)&*)%;".%0(,)&:"*&VPW&":&
'"'#,&1"+)*./).'&%;).$0.14&J3)%)&$):0-0'%&#*)&8%8#,,9&
-"+)*)$&'3*"813&'3)&%#,)&":&-",,)-'0+),9&"2.)$&,#.$&
%)0U)$&:*"/&:#*/)*%4&!8*#,&,#.$&*):"*/&20,,&-8*'#0,&
'3)%)&#-'0+0'0)%&#.$&;8'&/"*)&%'*#0.&".&,"-#,&
1"+)*./).'% &:0%-#,&;"%0'0".%4&<.&%3"*'6&;*"1*)%%&0.&
,#.$&*):"*/&0%&#.&#*$8"8%6&%,"2&;*"-)%%4&
]#.$&*):"*/&2#%&0/;"*'#.'&#.$&,)$&'"&3013)*&"8';8'&
(8'&0'&$0$&."'&0.-*)#%)&*8*#,&0.-"/)%&0.&%3#*;&-".'*#%'&
'"&23#'&3#;;).)$&20'3&8*(#.&0.-"/)%4&=*8-0#,,9&0'&
#,%"&,)$&'"&20$)%;*)#$&0.-"/)&0.)78#,0'9&#-*"%%&'3)&
-"8.'*94&J38%6&#&$)-#$)&(#-G6&=30.)%)&;",0-9/#G)*%&
()1#.&%))G0.1&2#9%&'"&)I').$&$0*)-'&().):0'%&'"&
:#*/)*%4&<.&OPPR6&=30.#&0.'*"$8-)$&'3)&:0*%'&.#'0".#,&
$0*)-'&%8(%0$0)%&'"&:#*/)*%&#.$&()1#.&;3#%0.1&"8'&
#1*0-8,'8*#,&'#I)%4&J3)&$0*)-'&%8(%0$9&2#%&(#%)$&".&
'3)&,#.$&#*)#4&5"2)+)*6&'3)&8.0.').$)$&-".%)78).-)&
":&'30%&#-'0".&2#%&'3#'&,#.$"2.)*%&-"8,$&,)#+)&'3)&
,#.$&:#,,"2&#.$&%'0,,&1)'&%8(%0$0)%6&230,)&:#*/)*%&23"&
-8,'0+#')$&,)#%)$&,#.$&2"8,$&."'4&>0.-)&OPNQ6&'3)&
1"+)*./).'&3#%&/"+)$&'"2#*$%&,0.G0.1&$0*)-'&
%8(%0$0)%&'"&,#.$&;,#.')$&"*&1*#0.&3#*+)%')$4&
<.&>);')/()*&OPNR6&'3)&1"+)*./).'&*),)#%)$&$)'#0,%&
#("8'&'3)&;0,"'& '#*1)'&;*0-) &%8(%0$9&;*"1*#//)&:"*&
-"''".&#.$&%"9()#.%4&J30%&;",0-9&*);*)%).'%&#&.)2&
#;;*"#-3&'"&#1*0-8,'8*#,&%8;;"*'&'3#'&20,,&*)$8-)&
1"+)*./).'&0.')*:)*).-)&0.&;*0-)%&#.$&,)'&'3)&/#*G)'%&
3#+)&#&1*)#')*&*",)4&J3)&%8(%0$9&8.$)*&'30%&
;*"1*#//)&0%&-#,-8,#')$&#%&'3)&$0::)*).-)&()'2)).&#&
'#*1)'&;*0-) &%)'&(9&'3)&1"+)*./).'&():"*)&;,#.'0.1&
#.$&'3)&/#*G)'&;*0-)&0.&)#-3&;*"+0.-)4&
<.&#$$0'0".&'"&*)-"1.0%0.1&'3)&.))$&'"&0.-*)#%)&
;*"$8-'0+0'96&'3)&1"+)*./).'&#,%"&0.'*"$8-)$&
%8(%0$0)%&:"*&%))$%6&:)*'0,0%)*%&#.$&#1*0-8,'8*#,&
/#-30.)*94&>8(%0$0)%&#*)&#+#0,#(,)&:"*&3013H78#,0'9&
%))$%6&%8-3&#%&3013H"0,&%"9()#.6&0.$8%'*0#,H8%)&-"*.&
#.$&3013H;*"')0.&23)#'&+#*0)'0)%4&J3)%)&#*)&8%8#,,9&
;#0$&$0*)-',9&'"&:#*/)*%&(8'6&0.&%"/)&#*)#%6&'3)9&#*)&
;#0$&'"&%))$&%8;;,0)*%6&23"&#*)&'3).&%8;;"%)$&'"&;#%%&
0'&".&'"&:#*/)*%4&@)*'0,0%)*&%8(%0$0)%&#,%"&2"*G&0.&#&
%0/0,#*&2#94&[#-30.)*9&%8(%0$0)%&#*)&;#0$&'"&
/#-30.)*9&$)#,)*%6&23"&#*)&)I;)-')$&'"&;#%%&0'&".4&<.&
'3)&J2),:'3&@0+)HA)#*&B,#.6&'3)&1"+)*./).'&#0/)$&'"&
0.-*)#%)&'"'#,&#1*0-8,'8*#,&/#-30.)*9&;"2)*&'"&N(.&
_?&#.$&'3)&#1*0-8,'8*#,&/)-3#.0%#'0".&*#')&'"&SPW&
(9&OPNL4&5"2)+)*6&'3)&;"2)*&'#*1)'&2#%&#-30)+)$&(9&
OPNO6&#.$&'3)&/)-3#.0%#'0".&*#')&*)#-3)$&LTW&
0.&OPNQ4&
c'3)*&1"+)*./).'&%8;;"*'&/)#%8*)%&0.-,8$)&#&
/0.0/8/&;*0-)&%-3)/)&:"*&*0-)&#.$&23)#'6&EJ&
*):8.$%&"*&2#0+)*%&#.$&'*#.%;"*'&'#I&2#0+)*%4&J3)&
1"+)*./).'&3#%&#,%"&%"813'&'"&0.-*)#%)&0.+)%'/).'&
'3*"813&'3)&)I').%0".&":&:0.#.-)&+0#&'3)&!8*#,&=*)$0'&
="H";)*#'0+)%&'3#'&;*"+0$)&,"#.%&'"&:#*/)*%&:"*&0.;8'&
;8*-3#%)%6&/#-30.)*9&#.$&"'3)*&0.+)%'/).'%4&

Roads to be travelled

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Viewers also liked

Viewers also liked (7)

Roads to be travelled