Utility-scale Electricity Storage Technologies: Global Markets

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Utility-scale Electricity Storage Technologies: Global Markets
Published on January 2011

Report Summary

THIS REPORT CONTAINS

Descriptions of various types of electric energy storage (EES) technologies, including pumped-hydro, compressed-air energy,
lead-acid batteries, sodium-sulfur batteries, vanadium-redox-flow batteries, flywheels, superconducting magnetic storage and
supercapacitors
Analysis of global market trends, with data from 2009, estimates for 2010, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs)
through 2015
Evaluations of EES-related patents issued during the past 3 years
Comprehensive profiles of major companies.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

BCC's goal in conducting this study was to assess and describe the current status and assess the potential growth of the worldwide
utility-scale electricity storage (UES) technology industry and the market for associated storage technologies. More specifically, the
study included the following objectives: (1) summarize existing UES technologies and promising emerging technologies that are under
development; (2) evaluate the existing UES technology industry, focusing on the manufacturers and providers of major components
for viable storage technologies; and (3) assess market potential for UES technologies over a 5-year period from 2010 through 2015.

REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY

With the exception of the recent period immediately following the global economic turndown, global demand for electricity is expected
to continue to increase through at least the next two decades. However, much of the world's electricity generation industry is in the
midst of a turning point. In support of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reduction regulations and industry trends, the electricity
generation sector is in the process of transitioning generally away from coal- and oil-fired electricity production, and toward the
installation of increasing proportions of renewables. However, many renewable energy resources are intermittent in nature: Solar cells
only generate electricity when the sun is shining, and wind turbines only generate power when sufficient wind is blowing. To meet
consumer electricity demand, which is often not aligned with available renewable power production capacity, very large-scale energy
storage technologies are needed.

The purpose of this report is to provide a regional assessment of the UES market potential, as well as existing and projected future
market sizes. This is an important scope, because UES markets vary substantially based on regional characteristics and on the
technology in question. Two UES technologies, compressed air energy storage (CAES) and pumped hydrologic storage (PHS) are
considered in this report, because these two technologies are capable of storing sufficient energy to be relevant at the utility scale '
hundreds to thousands of megawatts (MWs) generation capacity. Pumped hydrologic storage and compressed air energy storage
require substantially different geologic and climatic conditions (sufficient topographic relief, land area, and water for PHS; and
sufficient subsurface geology for CAES). Within this context, this report identifies the basis and installation/market potential for UES
demand in each region, within the 2010'2015 timeframe.

Utility-scale Electricity Storage Technologies: Global Markets (From Slideshare) Page 1/17


INTENDED AUDIENCE

This study reviews UES technologies, along with relevant market and production information, technological descriptions and issues,
applications, and market factors and potential, and gives an overview of supporting incentives and regulations in major worldwide
markets. This study will be of interest to current and potential manufacturers and suppliers of UES technologies and components, as
well as venture capitalists, entrepreneurs, and entrepreneurial companies interested in entering or expanding into the UES technology
sector. It will also be of interest to corporate planners and strategists, companies involved in the production of combustion turbines,
hydro turbines, compressors, pumps, and other infrastructure required for the implementation of UES technologies, as well as other
energy efficiency advocacy groups, and other public- and private-sector interest groups and market analysts.

SCOPE OF REPORT AND METHODOLOGY

The scope of this investigation includes the major viable UES technologies that are currently being implemented in the power
generation industry. These technologies are implemented to temporarily store electricity during periods of available generation
capacity, for subsequent use during periods of increased demand, in support of load leveling and grid balancing. The energy storage
technologies discussed in this report are increasingly deployed in support of intermittent renewable energy sources, such as solar and
wind energy, which frequently generate power outside of peak demand periods. In these cases, UES technologies can facilitate
delivery of renewable power to end users during periods of high and peak use, in support of utility level regulations and greenhouse
gas (GHG) emissions reduction strategies, which are increasingly common in the global electricity market.

Installation and operation of UES technologies can include various products and components such as injection pumps, wellheads,
compressors, expanders, gas turbines, hydro turbines, dams, centrifugal pumps, and a suite of other equipment and facilities. Other
important requirements for installation of UES technologies may include, depending upon the specific technology employed, sufficient
geological resources such as subterranean caves, aquifers, or abandoned/sealed mine shafts, or surface features such as an existing
reservoir or reservoir site, typically located in areas of high topographical relief, and frequently including substantial biological and
other natural resources. Although substantial amounts of water and air may be required for operation of UES technologies, these
specific requirements are not considered UES products within this report, because they are supplied at relatively little to zero direct
cost, unlike mechanical and other components, which must be purchased separately.

The market analysis provided in this report is based on a variety of data sources. These include the most recent government,
industry, and academic data regarding the projected level of demand for utility-scale electricity storage technologies that could
potentially translate into UES projects. These data were supplemented with an evaluation of major EOR projects that have been
announced, or that are currently being proposed. Therefore, this report provides a comprehensive review of available data to provide
a realistic, robust, and accurate assessment of this quickly changing market.

Emerging UES technologies anticipated to be commercially viable within the next 5 years are summarized, but are not included in the
market assessment of this report. BCC analyzes each major viable utility-scale energy storage technology, determines its current
market status, examines its impact on future markets, and presents forecasts of growth over the next 5 years. Technological issues,
including the latest trends, are assessed and discussed, as are the current and likely regulatory environments in support of this
industry.

BCC analyzes the industry on a worldwide basis in terms of its manufacturing and the deployment of its technologies or
products. BCC examines government roles in support of EOR technologies worldwide, including regulatory support, government
requirements, and promotional incentives for various UES technologies as relevant and available. BCC provides a review of the most
relevant UES technologies, discusses recent trends in capacity installation and unit sales, and provides industry overviews and
market assessments for each UES technology.

Worldwide Markets



The following table provides a review of the major worldwide markets that were assessed in support of this study.

TABLE A

LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY

Market Countries/Regions Included
North America United States, Canada, Mexico
Europe All European nations except Iceland, including the portion of Russia located west of the Ural Mountains.
Asia/Australia All Asian countries (excluding the Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan). The Philippines were considered, but
other South Pacific islands are not included. However, many Asian countries do not have significant installed UES capacities.

Source: BCC Research

METHODOLOGY

Both primary and secondary research methodologies were used in preparing this study. Background information, including reviews of
each UES technology and its implementation status, were collected from government and industry sources. Specific citations and
references are provided as needed to support this study, and website links to government and industry studies, white papers, and
other relevant information are provided as relevant and available.

BCC's research of present and historic market trends was conducted primarily via phone interviews and Internet research, relying on
personal interviews and available governmental data. Provided internal company data and annual documentation of sales relevant to
each UES technology were also reviewed in order to prepare market assessments. Based on the results of our surveys and research,
BCC analyzed the potential applications for each technology, and forecast remaining 2010 sales and sales through 2015.

Market sizes and installed capacity figures were calculated based upon data obtained from surveyed parties, as well as published
government and industry data sources. Additionally, when available, the data provided in this report were compared with other
industry data to ensure relevance, applicability, and accuracy.

TABLE B

RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES

Portion of BCC Report Information Source Primary or Secondary
Review of UES technologies and products Scientific, government, and industry research Secondary
Regulatory support for UES Government documents Primary and secondary
Industry structure and market overview Industry interviews, industry and government data Primary
Major companies and company profiles Industry interviews, published financial and trade information Primary
Market assessment and projections Industry interviews, industry and government documents and data, BCC Research calculations
Primary

Source: BCC Research

INFORMATION SOURCES

Both primary and secondary research methods were used in preparing this report. BCC surveyed more than 60 companies and



industry insiders to obtain the data for this study. Included were manufacturers of UES technologies, distributors of UES technologies,
engineering firms involved in the UES industry, emerging technology developers, and current and former UES project developers,
worldwide. Additionally, BCC compiled data from current financial and trade information, industry associations, and government
sources.

ANALYST CREDENTIALS

Robert Eckard has more than a decade of experience working in the energy and environmental industries. Currently pursuing a PhD
in water and energy resources at the University of California at Davis, Robert also runs a small industry research and technical
consulting company, with an emphasis on energy/water/ environmental sectors. Robert has provided economic analysis market
assessments, environmental analysis, and technical water and energy reports to state and local governments, other consultants, and
private companies and individuals throughout the U.S., Australia, and Singapore. He also works as a subcontractor under the U.S.
Department of Energy (DOE), providing analysis in support of electric power generation, including fossil and renewable energy
technologies. Previously, he has produced reports for BCC Research on the global markets for residential and commercial solar
thermal technologies, industrial- and utility-scale solar thermal technologies, distributed generation (DG) technologies,
energy-efficiency technologies, and enhanced oil recovery. Robert takes great pride in providing high-quality, well-researched, and
thorough analysis.

Table of Content

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
REASONS FOR COMPLETING THIS STUDY 1
INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
SCOPE OF REPORT AND METHODOLOGY 2
WORLDWIDE MARKETS 3
TABLE A LIST OF GLOBAL MARKETS CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY 4
METHODOLOGY 4
TABLE B RESEARCH INFORMATION SOURCES 5
INFORMATION SOURCES 5
ANALYST CREDENTIALS 5
RELATED REPORTS 6
BCC ONLINE SERVICES 6
DISCLAIMER 6

Chapter-2: SUMMARY

SUMMARY 7
SUMMARY TABLE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY SALES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 8
SUMMARY FIGURE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGY SALES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 8

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW

TABLE 1 UES TECHNOLOGIES CONSIDERED IN THIS REPORT (MW) 9



WHAT ARE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES' 9
WHAT ARE UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY '(CONTINUED) 10
BRIEF HISTORY 11
COSTS AND ECONOMIC VIABILITY 12
PUMPED HYDROLOGIC STORAGE 12
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE 13
BENEFITS OF UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 14
GRID BENEFITS 14
Load Leveling 15
FIGURE 1 STYLIZED REPRESENTATION OF A DAILY LOAD CURVE 16
Capacity Factor/Dispatch for Intermittent Renewables 16
Peaking Power Support 17
OFFSET OF NEEDED PEAKING POWER GENERATION CAPACITY 18
OFFSET OF NEEDED RENEWABLE GENERATION CAPACITY 19
ECONOMIC BENEFITS 20
Energy Arbitrage 20
Investment Deferral 20
RENEWABLE ENERGY DISPATCH AND TIMING BENEFITS (ABILITY TO MEET RENEWABLE ENERGY TARGETS, ETC.) 20
Renewable Energy Dispatch and'(Continued) 21
FIGURE 2 EXAMPLE OF OFFSET RENEWABLE GENERATION: WIND GENERATION PROFILE FOR CALIFORNIA (MW) 22
DRAWBACKS OF UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 22
PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS AND LAND REQUIREMENTS 23
WATER USE 23
ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS 24
ENERGY LOSS DURING STORAGE 25
ECONOMIC RISK 25
DESCRIPTION OF UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEM COMPONENTS 26
PUMPED HYDROLOGIC STORAGE 26
FIGURE 3 SALINA (OKLAHOMA) PUMPED STORAGE PROJECT 27
FIGURE 4 PHS SYSTEM UTILIZES SEAWATER, OKINAWA, JAPAN 28
FIGURE 5 EXCAVATED PHS CONCEPT 29
Pumps and Turbines 29
FIGURE 6 CROSS SECTION OF A REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE 30
FIGURE 7 REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE DURING ASSEMBLY 31
FIGURE 8 GENERATOR FOR A REVERSIBLE PUMP TURBINE 31
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE 32
FIGURE 9 HUNTORF CAES 33
FIGURE 10 MCINTOSH CAES 33
Compressed Air Energy Storage'(Continued) 34
FIGURE 11 SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF A CAES SYSTEM 35
Air Compressors 35
FIGURE 12 AXIAL AIR COMPRESSOR (LEFT) AND RADIAL AIR COMPRESSOR (RIGHT) 36
Intercoolers and Aftercoolers 36
Recuperators 37
Expanders 37
FIGURE 13 AIR EXPANDER 38
Gas Turbine 38
FIGURE 14 STANDARD GAS TURBINE WITH COMPRESSOR SECTION 39



Generators 39
FIGURE 15 MCINTOSH GAS TURBINE (BOTTOM), GENERATOR (TOP), AND EXHAUST (RIGHT) 40
UTILITY APPLICATIONS 40
TABLE 2 UTILITY APPLICATIONS OF PHS AND CAES 41
EMERGING UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES 41
FIGURE 16 COMPARISON OF PHS, CAES, AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 42
OVERVIEW OF SMALL-SCALE AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 42
CAES Heat Storage and Advanced Adiabatic CAES 43
Lead-Acid Batteries 43
Lithium-Ion Batteries 43
Sodium-Sulfur Battery Systems 44
Vanadium Redox Battery Systems 44
Zinc-Bromine Battery Systems 44
Ultracapacitors 44
Flywheels 44
REVIEW OF RELEVANT EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND POTENTIAL FOR MARKET READINESS 45
FIGURE 17 COMPARISON OF PHS, CAES, AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 45
Review of Relevant ' (Continued) 46

Chapter-4: REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES FOR CAES AND PHS ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES' 47
UNITED STATES REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES 48
FEDERAL 49
U.S. Internal Revenue Service 49
Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit 49
TABLE 3 RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TAX CREDIT: IN-SERVICE DEADLINE 2013 (¢/KWH) 50
Qualifying Advanced Energy Manufacturing Investment Tax Credit 50
Clean Renewable Energy Bonds 51
Clean Renewable ' (Continued) 52
Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds 53
U.S. Department of the Treasury 54
Renewable Energy Grants 54
U.S. Department of Energy 55
Green Power Purchasing Goal 55
Loan Guarantee Program 56
Innovative Technology Loan Guarantee Program 56
Temporary Loan Guarantee Program 57
Smart Grid Investment Grant Program 58
Initiative to Expand Hydropower 59
Renewable Electricity Production Incentive 59
U.S. Department of Agriculture 60
USDA Rural Energy for America Program ' Grants and Loan Guarantees 60
SELECT STATE-LEVEL STANDARDS AND INCENTIVES 61
Alaska 62
Renewable Energy Grant Recommendation Program 62
Arizona 63
Renewable Energy Business Tax Incentive 63



Property Tax Assessment for Renewable Energy Property 64
Renewable Energy Standard 65
TABLE 4 ARIZONA RENEWABLE ENERGY AND DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE QUOTAS (RETAIL ELECTRICAL LOAD % [% OF
RENEWABLE ENERGY QUOTA]) 66
California 67
Renewable Portfolio Standard 67
Renewable ' (Continued) 68
Colorado 70
Renewable Energy Property Tax Assessment 70
TABLE 5 2009 COLORADO RENEWABLE ENERGY PROPERTY TAX ASSESSMENT COST THRESHOLD VALUES ($/KW) 70
New Energy Economic Development Grant Program 71
Requirement for Investor-Owned Utilities 72
TABLE 6 COLORADO RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD QUOTAS FOR INVESTOR-OWNED UTILITIES, 2007'2020 AND
BEYOND 73
Distributed Generation Carve-out (Investor-Owned Utilities Only) 73
TABLE 7 COLORADO RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD QUOTAS FOR WHOLESALE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION OR
RETAIL DG CARVE-OUT, 2011'2020 AND BEYOND (%) 73
Requirement for Cooperatives and Municipal Utilities 73
TABLE 8 COLORADO RENEWABLE PORTFOLIO STANDARD QUOTAS FOR ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES AND MUNICIPAL
UTILITIES, 2008'2020 AND BEYOND (%) 74
Credit Multipliers 74
Hawaii 75
Farm and Aquaculture Alternative Energy Loan 75
High Technology Business Investment Tax Credit 76
Renewable Energy Project Bond Program 77
Iowa 77
Alternative Energy Law (AEL) 77
Energy Replacement Generation Tax Exemption 78
Maine 79
Renewable Portfolio Standard 79
TABLE 9 MAINE RENEWABLES PORTFOLIO STANDARD CLASS I STANDARD SCHEDULE, 2008'2017 AND BEYOND (%) 80
Maine Wind Energy Goals 80
Maryland 81
Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard 81
TABLE 10 MARYLAND RENEWABLE ENERGY PORTFOLIO STANDARD COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS, 2006'2022 AND
BEYOND (%) 82
Michigan 85
TABLE 11 MICHIGAN RENEWABLE ENERGY STANDARD, ANNUAL BENCHMARKS, 2012'2015 86
Renewable '(Continued) 87
Renewable '(Continued) 88
New Mexico 89
Interconnection Standards 89
New York 90



Renewable, Clean Energy and Energy Efficient Product Manufacturing Incentive Program 90
Renewable, (Continued) 91
Oklahoma 92
Zero-Emission Facilities Production Tax Credit 92
Oregon 93
Business Energy Tax Credit 93
Business ' (Continued) 94
Business ' (Continued) 95
Pennsylvania 96
DECD Alternative Clean Energy Program 96
DECD ' (Continued) 97
Loans 98
Grants 98
Loan Guarantees 98
Texas 99
Austin ' Renewables Portfolio Standard 99
Renewable Generation Requirement 100
TABLE 12 TEXAS RENEWABLE GENERATION REQUIREMENT COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE, 2007'2015 (MW) 101
Department of Rural Affairs ' Renewable Energy Demonstration Pilot Program 103
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES: EUROPE 104
European Union 104
EU Climate and Energy Package: Renewable Energy Targets 104
An Energy Policy for Europe 105
European Council Action Plan (2007'2009) Energy Policy for Europe 106
Seventh Framework Program for Research and Technological Development 107
TABLE 13 ENERGY RESEARCH UNDER FP7 107
Strategic Energy Technology Plan: Toward a Low Carbon Future 108
Directive on the Taxation of Energy Products and Electricity 108
Austria 109
Klima: Aktiv Program 109
Targets for Renewables: 2007'2010 Government Program 110
Belgium 110
Offshore Domanial Concessions for Wind and Ocean Energy Production 110
Offshore Wind Plant in the North Sea 111
Federal Green Certificate Scheme 111
Flanders: Green Certificate Scheme: 112
Wallonia: Green Certificate Scheme: 112
Denmark 113
Energy Research Programme 113
Electricity Supply Act 113
Subsidies for Renewable Electricity Generation 114
Replacement Scheme for Wind Turbines on Land 115
Agreement on Danish Energy Policy 2008'2011 116
Promotion of Renewable Energy Act 117
Feed-in Premium Tariffs for Renewable Power 118
Feed-in '(Continued) 119
France 120



Wind Energy Programme 120
Electricity Law 2000 120
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership 120
Hydropower Revival Plan 121
Germany 122
Green Power 122
Renewable Energy Sources Act (Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz EEG) 2004 123
Renewable Energy '(Continued) 124
2009 Amendment of the Renewable Energy Sources Act 125
KfW Renewable Energies Program (KfW-Programme Erneuerbare Energien) 126
Greece 126
Development Incentives for Renewable Energy Sources 126
Italy 127
RES Promotion ' Decrees Implementing Directive 2001/77/EC 127
Portugal 128
Wave Energy Pilot Zone 128
Renewable Feed-in Tariffs 128
Spain 128
Offshore Wind Power Regulations 128
Feed-in Tariffs for Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources 129
New Regulatory Framework for Administrative Procedures for Renewable Energy Facilities 130
Cabinet of Ministers Ruling for Wind and Solar Thermal Electric Energy Quotas 130
United Kingdom 131
Renewable Energy Strategy 2009 131
Offshore Wind Capitol Grants Scheme 132
INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY SUPPORT AND INCENTIVES: ASIA AND AUSTRALIA 133
Australia 133
Renewable Energy Target 133
Clean Energy Program 133
Renewable Energy Demonstration Program 134
Improving Grid Accessibility 134
China 135
Preferential Tax Policies for Renewable Energy 135
Medium- and Long-Term Development Plan for Renewable Energy 135
Wind Power Concession Programme 136
India 137
Indonesia 137
National Energy Blueprint 137
New Zealand 138
Marine Energy Deployment Fund 138
Thailand 138
Strategic Plan for Renewable Energy Development 138

Chapter-5: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE

INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION 139
FIGURE 18 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE FOR PROCUREMENT/INSTALLATION OF PHS AND CAES TECHNOLOGIES 140
UTILITY-SCALE ELECTRICITY STORAGE DEVELOPERS 140



ENGINEERING AND PROJECT MANAGEMENT CONTRACTORS 141
COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS AND FABRICATORS 142
CONSTRUCTION AND PROCUREMENT CONTRACTORS 142
RAW MATERIALS PRODUCERS 143
GLOBAL INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 143
NORTH AMERICA 143
Industry Trends 143
FIGURE 19 CUMULATIVE TOTAL PHS INSTALLATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES, BY CAPACITY (MW) 144
Major Industry Players 145
TABLE 14 MAJOR NORTH AMERICAN UES COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS AND ENGINEERS 146
Major North American UES Industry Facets 146
EUROPE 147
Industry Trends 147
Industry Trends (Continued) 148
FIGURE 20 PHS INSTALLATIONS IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES, TOTAL INSTALLED CAPACITY (MW) AND PERCENTAGE OF
TOTAL GENERATION CAPACITY AS PHS (%) 149
TABLE 15 MAJOR EUROPEAN UES COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS AND ENGINEERS 150
Major European UES Industry Facets 150
ASIA AND AUSTRALIA 151
Industry Trends 151
FIGURE 21 CUMULATIVE TOTAL PHS INSTALLATIONS IN CHINA, BY CAPACITY (MW) 152
TABLE 16 MAJOR ASIAN UES COMPONENT MANUFACTURERS AND ENGINEERS 153
Major European UES Industry Facets 153
UES INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS 154
TABLE 17 MAJOR UES INDUSTRY GROUPS AND ORGANIZATIONS 154

Chapter-6: COMPANY PROFILES

PUMPED HYDROLOGIC STORAGE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 155
TURBINES 155
ABB, Ltd. 155
North American Corporate Headquarters 155
TABLE 18 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ABB, LTD. 156
Alstom Hydro S.L. 157
Alstom Power, Inc. 157
TABLE 19 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ALSTOM HYDRO S.L. 158
American Hydro 158
TABLE 20 COMPANY OVERVIEW: AMERICAN HYDRO 159
Andritz Hydro GmbH 159
Andritz Hydro Corp. 160
TABLE 21 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ANDRITZ HYDRO GMBH 161
Ansaldo Energia 161
Milano Offices 161
TABLE 22 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ANSALDO ENERGIA 162
B. Maier Wasserkraft GmbH Anlagenbau 162
TABLE 23 COMPANY OVERVIEW: B. MAIER WASSERKRAFT 163



Bharat Heavy Electricals, Ltd. 164
TABLE 24 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BHARAT HEAVY ELECTRICALS, LTD. 165
Chongqing Lisong Electromechanical Equipment Co., Ltd. 165
TABLE 25 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CHONGQING LISONG ELECTROMECHANICAL EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. 166
Converteam Group SAS 166
Converteam, Inc. 166
Converteam Electric Machinery 166
TABLE 26 COMPANY OVERVIEW: CONVERTEAM GROUP SAS 167
Dongfang Electric Co., Ltd. 167
Dongfang ' USA 168
TABLE 27 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DONGFANG ELECTRIC CORP. 168
Ebara Corp. 169
Ebara America Corp. 169
TABLE 28 COMPANY OVERVIEW: EBARA CORP. 170
Gilbert Gilkes & Gordon, Ltd. 170
Gilkes, Inc. 170
TABLE 29 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GILBERT GILKES & GORDON, LTD. 171
Global Hydro Energy GmbH 171
TABLE 30 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GLOBAL HYDRO ENERGY GMBH 172
Gugler Water Turbines GmbH 173
TABLE 31 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GUGLER WATER TURBINES GMBH 173
Harbin Electric Machinery Co., Ltd. 174
Harbin Electric, Inc. 174
TABLE 32 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HARBIN ELECTRIC MACHINERY CO., LTD. 175
Hitachi, Ltd. Power Systems Co. 175
Hitachi Power and Industrial Systems Division 175
Hitachi Power Systems America 175
TABLE 33 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HITACHI, LTD. POWER SYSTEMS CO. 176
Hunan Lingling Hengyuan Generating Equipment Co., Ltd. 177
TABLE 34 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HUNAN LINGLING HENGYUAN GENERATING EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. 178
Hyundai Ideal Electric Co. 178
TABLE 35 COMPANY OVERVIEW: HYUNDAI IDEAL ELECTRIC CO. 179
IMPSA International, Inc. 179
USA ' IMPSA International 179
TABLE 36 COMPANY OVERVIEW: IMPSA INTERNATIONAL, INC. 180
Ingeteam Energy, SA 180
Ingeteam Energy, SA 181
TABLE 37 COMPANY OVERVIEW: INGETEAM ENERGY SA 182
JSC Turboengineering-Ruselprom 182
Ruselprom Trade Office 182
TABLE 38 COMPANY OVERVIEW: JSC TURBOENGINEERING-RUSELPROM 183
Kirloskar Brothers, Ltd. 183
Kirloskar Brothers, LLC 183
TABLE 39 COMPANY OVERVIEW: KIRLOSKAR BROTHERS, LTD. 184
Litostroj Power d.o.o. 185
Litostroj Power ' Litostroj Hydro, Inc. 185
TABLE 40 COMPANY OVERVIEW: LITOSTROJ POWER D.O.O. 186
MarelliMotori 186



Marelli USA, Inc. 186
TABLE 41 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MARELLIMOTORI S.P.A 187
Mavel a.s. 187
Mavel a.s. 187
TABLE 42 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAVEL A.S. 188
Meidensha Corp. 188
Meiden America, Inc. 189
TABLE 43 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MEIDENSHA CORP. 189
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 190
Mitsubishi Electric Power Products, Inc. 190
TABLE 44 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES & MISUBISHI ELECTRIC 191
OJSC Power Machines 191
TABLE 45 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OJSC POWER MACHINES 192
OJSC Turboatom 192
TABLE 46 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OJSC TURBOATOM 193
Orengine International, Ltd. 194
TABLE 47 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OREGINE INTERNATIONAL, LTD. 194
Ossberger GmbH + Co. 195
Ossberger Turbines, Inc. 195
TABLE 48 COMPANY OVERVIEW: OSSBERGER GMBH + CO 196
Parsons Peebles Generation, Ltd. 196
TABLE 49 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PARSONS PEEBLES GENERATION, LTD. 197
Rainpower Norway AS 197
TABLE 50 COMPANY OVERVIEW: RAINPOWER NORWAY AS 198
Reivax Automação e Controle S/A 199
Reivax North America, LLC 199
TABLE 51 COMPANY OVERVIEW: REIVAX S/A AUTOMACAO CONTROLE 200
Rittmeyer AG 200
U.S. Sales Office 200
TABLE 52 COMPANY OVERVIEW: RITTMEYER AG 201
Sicmemotori SpA 201
North American Business Manager 201
TABLE 53 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SICMEMOTORI SPA 202
SPP Pumps 203
SPP Pumps, Inc. 203
TABLE 54 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SPP PUMPS 204
Sundyne Corp. 204
TABLE 55 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SUNDYNE CORP. 205
TES Vsetin a.s. 205
U.S. Sales Agent 205
TABLE 56 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TES VSETIN 206
Toshiba Hydro Power 206
Toshiba Hydro Power 207
TABLE 57 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TOSHIBA POWER SYSTEMS CO. 208
Tyco Flow Control ' Tamar Designs 208
TABLE 58 COMPANY OVERVIEW: TYCO TAMAR DESIGNS 209
UCM Resita Turbines 209
TABLE 59 COMPANY OVERVIEW: UCM RESITA SA 210



VAP Hydro EOOD 211
TABLE 60 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VAP HYDRO EOOD 212
Voith Hydro GmbH + Co. KG 212
Peak Hydro Services, Inc. 212
TABLE 61 COMPANY OVERVIEW: VOITH HYDRO GMBH CO. KG 213
Wasserkraft Volk AG 213
TABLE 62 COMPANY OVERVIEW: WASSERKRAFT VOLK AG 214
COMPRESSED AIR ENERGY STORAGE PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS 215
ALMIG KOMPRESSOREN GMBH 215
ALMiG USA Corp. 215
TABLE 63 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ALMIG KOMPRESSOREN GMBH 216
ALSTOM POWER 216
U.S. Sales 216
TABLE 64 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ALSTOM POWER 217
ANSALDO ENERGIA 217
Milano Offices 218
TABLE 65 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ANSALDO ENERGIA 219
API HEAT TRANSFER, INC. 219
TABLE 66 COMPANY OVERVIEW: API HEAT TRANSFER, INC. 220
ATLAS COPCO GAS AND PROCESS GMBH 220
Atlas Copco Compressors, Inc. 220
TABLE 67 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ATLAS COPCO GAS AND PROCESS 221
BAUER COMP HOLDING GMBH 221
Bauer Compressors, Inc. 222
TABLE 68 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BAUER COMPRESSORS 223
BRAYTON ENERGY, LLC 223
TABLE 69 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BRAYTON ENERGY 224
BTEC TURBINES, LP 224
TABLE 70 COMPANY OVERVIEW: BTEC TUBINES, LP 225
DRESSER-RAND 225
TABLE 71 COMPANY OVERVIEW: DRESSER-RAND 226
ELLIOTT CO. 227
Ebara Corp. 227
TABLE 72 COMPANY OVERVIEW: ELLIOTT CO. 228
GE ENERGY 228
TABLE 73 COMPANY OVERVIEW: GE ENERGY 229
MAN DIESEL & TURBO SE 229
MAN Diesel PrimeServ 229
TABLE 74 COMPANY OVERVIEW: MAN DIESEL & TURBO SE 230
PARKER HANNIFIN 230
TABLE 75 COMPANY OVERVIEW: PARKER HANNIFIN 231
R&D DYNAMICS CORP. 231
TABLE 76 COMPANY OVERVIEW: R&D DYNAMICS CORP. 232
SIEMENS ENERGY 233
TABLE 77 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SIEMENS ENERGY 234
SOLAR TURBINES, INC. 234
TABLE 78 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SOLAR TURBINES, INC. 235
SOLARCAT, INC. 235



TABLE 79 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SOLARCAT, INC. 236
SSS GEARS 236
SSS Clutch Co., Inc. 236
TABLE 80 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SSS GEARS, LTD. 237
STRUTHERS WELLS 238
TABLE 81 COMPANY OVERVIEW: STRUTHERS WELLS 239
SUSTAINX 239
TABLE 82 COMPANY OVERVIEW: SUSTAINX, INC. 240

Chapter-7: MAJOR MARKETS AND TRENDS IN PRICE AND PERFORMANCE

REGIONAL MARKETS AND TECHNOLOGY CHARACTERISTICS 241
UES MARKET PREREQUISITES 242
TABLE 83 PREREQUISITES FOR UES TRACTION IN REGIONAL MARKETS 243
DEMAND FOR UES TECHNOLOGIES 243
INFRASTRUCTURE SUFFICIENCY 243
SITING CONSIDERATIONS 244
GLOBAL MARKET CENTERS 245
NORTH AMERICA 245
TABLE 84 MAJOR HISTORIC UES PROJECTS IN NORTH AMERICA (MW) 246
TABLE 85 FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION PHS PERMITTING ACTIVITY SINCE 2007 (MW) 247
FIGURE 22 LOCATIONS OF SELECT PROPOSED PHS PROJECTS 248
TABLE 86 NORTH AMERICAN CAES PROPOSED CAES PROJECTS SINCE 2007 (MW) 249
Key Drivers for the North American Market 249
FIGURE 23 CO-OCCURRENCE OF WIND RESOURCES AND GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS SUITABLE TO CAES 250
Growth Potential for the North American Market 251
North American Market Projected Trends 252
North American ' (Continued) 253
TABLE 87 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN PHS NEW CAPACITY AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 254
FIGURE 24 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN PHS MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 254
TABLE 88 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN CAES NEW CAPACITY AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 255
FIGURE 25 PROJECTED NORTH AMERICAN CAES MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 256
PHS Storage/Appurtenances 256
EUROPE 256
TABLE 89 MAJOR HISTORIC UES PROJECTS IN EUROPE (MW) 257
TABLE 89 (CONTINUED) 258
Europe (Continued) 259
TABLE 90 ANNOUNCED EUROPEAN PHS PROJECTS (MW) 260
FIGURE 26 ANNOUNCED EUROPEAN PHS CAPACITY, BY COUNTRY (MW) 261
TABLE 91 EUROPEAN CAES ANNOUNCED CAES PROJECTS SINCE 2007 (MW) 262
Key Drivers for the European Market 262
Key Drivers '(Continued) 263
FIGURE 27 CO-OCCURRENCE OF WIND RESOURCES AND GEOLOGIC FORMATIONS SUITABLE TO CAES 264
Growth Potential for the European Market 264
European Market Projected Trends 265
European Market ' (Continued) 266
TABLE 92 PROJECTED EUROPEAN PHS NEW CAPACITY AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 267
FIGURE 28 PROJECTED EUROPEAN PHS MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 267



TABLE 93 PROJECTED EUROPEAN CAES NEW CAPACITY AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 268
FIGURE 29 PROJECTED EUROPEAN CAES MARKET SIZES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 269
ASIA/AUSTRALIA 269
TABLE 94 MAJOR HISTORIC UES PROJECTS IN ASIA AND AUSTRALIA (MW) 270
Asia/Australia (Continued) 271
TABLE 95 ANNOUNCED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN PHS PROJECTS (MW) 272
Key Drivers for the Asian/Australian Market 273
Key Drivers ' (Continued) 274
FIGURE 30 OCCURRENCE OF SALT FORMATIONS SUITABLE TO CAES 275
Growth Potential for the Asian/Australian Market 275
Asian/Australian Market Projected Trends 276
TABLE 96 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN PHS NEW CAPACITY AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 277
FIGURE 31 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN PHS MARKET SIZES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 278
TABLE 97 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN CAES NEW CAPACITY AND MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 279
FIGURE 32 PROJECTED ASIAN/AUSTRALIAN CAES MARKET SIZES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 279
OVERVIEW OF THE GLOBAL UES TECHNOLOGY MARKET AND REGIONAL COMPARISON 280
TABLE 98 GLOBAL PHS MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL COMPARISON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 281
FIGURE 33 GLOBAL PHS MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL COMPARISON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 281
TABLE 99 GLOBAL CAES MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL COMPARISON, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 282
FIGURE 34 GLOBAL CAES MARKET SIZES, REGIONAL COMPARISON, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 282
TABLE 100 TOTAL PROJECTED UES NEW CAPACITY, THROUGH 2015 (MW) 283
FIGURE 35 TOTAL PROJECTED UES NEW CAPACITY, 2008-2015 (MW) 283
TABLE 101 TOTAL PROJECTED UES MARKET SIZES, THROUGH 2015 ($ MILLIONS) 283
FIGURE 36 TOTAL PROJECTED UES MARKET SIZES, 2008-2015 ($ MILLIONS) 284

Chapter-8: APPENDIX I

APPENDIX I 285
CURRENCY CODES 285
ABBREVIATIONS OF UNITS OF MEASUREMENT 285
ACRONYMS 285
ACRONYMS (CONTINUED) 286
ACRONYMS (CONTINUED) 287

Chapter-9: APPENDIX II

APPENDIX II 288
REFERENCES 288


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