This document provides information about an industrial training completed by Mr. Shah Ravi S. at Cham Synthetics Pvt Ltd. in Porbandar, India. It includes details about the student's personal information, an acknowledgement of those who helped with the training, and an index of topics to be covered in the report such as the production, marketing, finance, and personnel departments. The report also gives a general overview of the net industry and details about Cham Synthetics Pvt Ltd., including its history, management structure, location factors, and contributions to the local economy.

1. A REPORT OF AN INDESTRIAL
TRAINING UNERGONE
AT
CHAM SYNTHETICS PVT LTD.
-: PREPARED BY :-
MR. SHAH RAVI S.
AN ISO 9001 : 2000 CO.

2. PERSONAL INFORMATION
Name : Shah Ravi S.
Faculty : BBA
Year : 2nd
Year BBA
Subject training : An Industial
Name of visited Unit : Report Cham Synthetics PVT Ltd.
University : Saurashtra University
College : K.H.M. Arts & Commers College
Academic year : 2012-2013
Date of visited : 25/12/2012 to 04/01/2013
Roll no. : 100
Guidence by : R. V. Keshwala

3. SHRI K.H.M. ARTS & COMMERCE
COLLEGE –PORBANDAR
This is to certify that Mr. Shah Ravi S. Student of S.Y.
BBA has completed his industrial practical training for 10 days
with a view of guidance and direction of following unit.
CHAM SYNTHETICS PVT LTD. – PORBANDAR
Place : Porbandar
Date :
Academic Year : 2012-2013
SIGNATURE OF GUIDE
( )

4. PREFACE
As a part of our academic study, we the student of
S.Y.B.B.A. are required to undergo a training programmed for
at last 10 days in an unit of industry, in ordered to obtained the
enough practical knowledge regarding business environment.
This training programme plays a vital role in the
development of a management student. The theoretical
knowledge and classroom discussion is not enough for
management student to know various angles of business unit.
Whithout practical knowledge, manegment students can not
become perfect professionals.
I have visited CHAM SYNTHETICS PVT LTD. –
PORBANDAR. It had provided golden opportunity for me to
enrich my knowledge by compering theoretically knowledge
with me managerial skill and application.
This report provides the information about the general
information of CHAM SYNTHETICS PVT LTD. –
PORBANDAR. i.e. Marketing, finance, personnel and
production field.

5. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It‟s a great pleasure for me to introduce the report, which I
have prepared with lots of interest and enthusiasm after being
undergone training at CHAM SYNTHETICS PVT LTD. – PORBANDAR.
As a student of S.Y.B.B.A., I heartily thankful to our
principal prof. J.S. Ramdatti, who gives us permission to take
visit of this unit.
I am in same regarded very thankful to out honorable prof.
,out project guide who had provided me valuable suggestions
and excellent guidance about the industrial training report.
I am very much thankful to the staff of CHAM SYNTHETICS
PVT LTD. – PORBANDAR. Who helped me directly or indirectly.
I am specially thankful to,
 Shri J.B. Majithiya
 Shri Y.L.Jadeja
 Shri V.R. Bamaniya
 Shri Bharatbhai Kava
Above persons gave me all such information which would
be helpful in preparation of this report.
So hoping for the enormous satisfaction and acceptance.
Thanking you,
Place : Porbandar your faithfully,
Date : (Shah Ravi S.)

6. INDEX
Sr. No. Topic Page
No.
1. (A) General Information about industry.
(B) general information about unit.
2. Research methodology
3. Production department
4. Marketing department
5. Personal department
6. Finance department
7. Future plan
8. Summery
9. Conclusion
10. Biblography

8. CONTENTS OF GENERAL
INFORMATION
Sr. No. Topic Page
No.
1. Over all view of net industry.
2. Highlights of unit visited.
3. Name and address of unit.
4. History of the unit.
5. Development and achievement of unit.
6. Size and form of unit.
7. Management body.
8. Location factors of unit.
9. Contribution.
10. Organization structure.

9. OVER ALL VIEW OF NET INDUSTRY
Net has so much value in today‟s fishing industry. No
fisherman can do fishing without taking the help of net. The
success of whole fishing industry because of net, Net is the basic
requirement for each and every fisherman, So net is playing
most important role in fishing industry, So from we can say that,
“Net is the Backbone of Fishing Industry.”
Before many years when the net were one or two types
only, there were no attractive designs and color. But with the
change in time and trend people started making many new types
of net.
 Main Industry.
In today‟s modern word, many new types of the nets are
coming in the market. Every company wants to make something
new and fisherman also want something new because when they
go to purchase the net they think that I want good quality net of
so and so company, The well-known companies making today
are Garaware Wol Net (Pune), Amar Nets (Pbr), Ruparo
(Mahuva), Tuff net (Bombay), Cham net (Pbr) and so on.

10. HIGHLIGHT OF UNIT VISITED
“Life means joy and quality means Cham.”
Cham is the one of the most trusted brand name in India for
“quality” and “customer belief” the only company had got ISO
9001:2000 certifications for net in India. Cham is one of the
leading firm in net industry.
Cham synthetics PVT LTD. Was Started on 4th
may 1983.
It was started under the guidance of family head late Mr.
Kanjibhai Cham. It is manufacturing largest numbers of nets and
ropes; day by day it established new plants like Cham Gill net
industry. Cham fishing Nets Corporation and Cham synthetic
Industry.
Approximately 200-250 employees are working in their
factory. They provide many facilities to their staff. They also
look for their employee‟s safety. They are working just like a
family. There is no strike still establishment of the company by
the employees.
Thus Cham is a developing company. It has become much
popular in the country as well as an international level.

11. NAME & ADDRESS OF THE UNIT
Name : Cham Synthetics PVT LTD.
Address : Cham Synthetics PVT LTD.
Bokhira Porbandar
Phone No. (0286) 2245868/2249328
Fax No. : (0286) 2245982
E-Mail : pkcham@sancharnet.in
Website : www.chamnets.com, www.ropes.com
Auditor : Mr. Ghathabhai & Co. (Ahemedabad)
Banker : State Bank of Saurashtra- Pbr Branch

12. HISTORY OF THE UNIT
The history of any industry means about its past
performance what the financial position of the unit in past how
they developed the unit and what is their present situation.
In case of Cham Synthetic Pvt Ltd. It came in to existence
since May 1983 it is a private limited company as it
management lies in the hand of Cham group.
The history of its promoters late Mr. Kanjibhai Cham is
very interesting, he was very genius efficient and heard
working, dynamics personality. A part from Cham Synthetics
the owner has many fishing and other industry. He used to
supply sea food abroad also and earn foreign exchange which is
very useful for the development of country.
 Achievement :-
Cham has achieved lot of name and fame in the net
industry. They are one of the leading groups in India today. In
two years only Cham groups has broken down the monopoly of
the master like Garaware and Samudra. So we can say that they
are in good position and this is the best achievement of Cham
group.

13. SIZE AND FORM OF THE UNIT
 SIZE :-
Indian government has divided industries in three
types according to their investment are as follow.
 Small scale industries.
 Medium scale industries.
 Large scale industries.
The investment of the Cham synthetics is
approximately 1 crrore so we may say that Cham synthetic is
small scale industries.
 FORM :-
In Indian business environment there are mainly five
categories of the forms of organization are as follow.
 Sole proprietorship firm.
 Partnership firm.
 Private limited firm.
 Joint stock company.
 Public company.
Cham synthetics is a private limited company.

14. MANAGEMENT BODY
PROMOTOR : Late Mr. Kanjibhai Cham
DIRECTOR : Mr. Premjibhai Cham
DEP. GEN. MGR. : Mr. Y.L. Jadeja
FINANCE DEPT : Mr. J.B. Majethiya
PERSONEL DEPT : Mr. Dineshbhai Gohel
PRODUCTION DEPT: Mr. Kishorbhai Joshi
MARKETING DEPT.: Mr. Bharatbhai Kava

15. LOCATION FACTORS OF THE UNIT
Success of a company is depended upon proper location
which affects the progress of the company. The location of any
company mainly depends on some factors such of raw materials
cheap labor, electricity, and transport etc.
(1) Raw Material
The main reason for location of the unit is
availability of raw material in required quality and quantity at
cheaper rate for Cham. The Cham synthetics purchase raw
material from IPCL, Bhavnagar, Pondicherry, and Chennai etc.
(2) Transportation
Generally there are 4 means for transportation.
 Railways
 Roadways
 Airways
 Waterways
(3) Proximity to market
Porbandar is situated on the coastal Areas, it‟s huge
population earn their lively hood by fishing and nets are at the
most requirement of fishing.

16. Thus, this unit sells their product first in local market
after that they also sell their product all over the country for that
they have appointed required numbers of dealers in different
states of the country.
(4) Power
Continuous regular reasonable and sufficient power
supply is a soul of the entire organization.
“No Power, No Production.”
This unit requires electricity for the whole day 24
Hours which it gets from GEB at fair prices.
(5) Lobours
Efficient and skilled labours supply enhances the
increase production as Porbandar is a developed city, unit gets
experienced labours at a fair range.
(6) Finance
Finance is just like a blood in human body without
finance a business can not run.
Cham can get easily get finance from its banker.

17. Contribution
Cham synthetics PVT LTD. established in 1983. His trade
mark KINGFISH fishing nets through which it exports it‟s
products to all over India.
The company itself is a part of highly diversely industrial
group with interest in wide range of business activities with the
impressive track records they have already established there is
no dought that they mean business.

18. Organization structure
Organization is defined to John M. Pififfner as follow
“organization is essentially a matter of relationship man to man ,
job to job, department to department.”
DIRECTOR
Deputy General Manager
Finance
Head
Supervisor
Cleark
Worker
Marketing
Head
Supervisor
Salesman
Supervisor
Personal
head
Supervisor
Workers
Production
head
Operator
Helper
Workers

20. Research Methodology
For understanding the research methodology let us first
understand the meaning of research method, methodology.
 Research
Application of human intelligence in systematic manner.
For the solution of a problem whose result is not available
immediately is called research.
 Method
Scientific technique or tolls used to collect reliable
information and data is called method.
 Methodology
Methodology is a progress of systematic acid in depth
study or area of investigation bashed as collection, completion
presentation and interpretation of relevant details of the data.
Now, let us study the required details of the research
methodology.
(a) Primary Data
(b) Secondary Data

21. (a) Primary Data
Primary data means the information collected through
personal meeting, discussion with concern office and filling up
questioner.
Form the view point of my study, I have collected some
information by personally meeting and discussion held with
concern authority or the company.
(b) Secondary Data
Secondary data means the information which has been
collected from Magazine, Pamphlets, find Prospectus. The data
which is collected by some other agency and are used for further
studies is called secondary data.
I have collected most of the information about the
company by talking the help of this three methods which are as
under.
 By quarries
 By other project reports
 By other pamphlets
So, our research methodology is very simple because our
aim behind it was only exam oriented.

23. Contents of Production
Department
Sr. No. Particular Page
No.
1. Introduction
2. Raw-Materials
3. Organization structure of production
4. Machinery used for making a product
5. Production process chart
6. Details about production process
7. Production capacity
8. Size and range of nets
9. Production policy

24. Introduction
Production department is one of the most important
department of the company. Production is the heart of the
company. It we have finance, personal marketing department,
but if we don‟t have any product there is no mean of industry
that manufacturing process run efficiently without block for
manufacturing raw material is necessary.
 What is Product ?
“Product is anything that can be offerd to market for
attention, acquisition, use or consumption that can might satisty
a need or want.”
Cham Synthetics produces net on the basic of „man-
machine‟ organization i.e. production is made by the joint
efficient of workers and machines to achieve both productivity
and sufficient for desirable result.
In this department I have given all the information about
net, raw materials now nets are production etc.

25. Raw – Materials
In production process raw material is the heart, it is the
basic requirement of any of the manufacturing firm, these raw
materials are then converted in to finished goods by some
processing.
The raw materials by Cham and places from where they
get them are given below. Most of the raw materials are
available in India and only few essentials materials are brought
from outside.
 The basic raw materials required i.e. Mono yank, HDPE
and poly propylene are brought from Korea, Goa,
Ratnagiri, Chennai and Bhavnagar.
 Some raw materials are manufacturing in their one plants
and other require raw materials are purchasing from
outside.
 When they are purchasing the raw materials it is already
colored by manufacture, the main color of raw materials
are Blue, White and Green.
 The Cham synthetics PVT LTD. Purchase its plastic bags
from Jamnagar. These plastics bags are durable their size
are 33” × 50”, 28” × 50”.

26. Production Chart
Production Head
Supervisor Store Keeper
Operator
Helper & Spool Winder
Fitter & Turner
Wanders

27. Machinery used for making a product
In order to products finished goods from available raw
materials and machineries is required handmade production can
be done but in today‟s ever changing and competitive world
quick and large production is required which is possible only
with help of advanced machineries.
At Cham synthetic PVT LTD. The plant is equipped with
modern sophisticated and world famous machineries and all the
machineries are foreign collaborated. The name of various
machinery at Cham synthetic PVT LTD. and their uses are
given below.
1. Korean Machine
This machine is used to manufacturing fishing nets like
HDPE and mono philament. This machine‟s capacity is about
150kg. per day.
2. Toyo Cogyo Machine
This machine is used to manufacturing poly propylene this
machine was imported from Japan. The capacity of this machine
is about 70kg. Per day.

28. Production Process Chart
Design Development
Purchasing Raw – Material
Checking of Raw – Material
Fill up the Spool
Load the Spool in Machine
Knotting of Yarn
Quality Control
Sewing
Heating & Ironing
Checking
Packing
Final Nets

29. Detail About Production Process
 Design Development
The first and foremost step is that directors of the company
decide to launch a new model. Then the technician designs some
model according to their ideas and demand of the market.
 Purchasing Raw-Material
Some Raw Materials are manufacturing in their own plant,
where as other raw Materials are purchasing from outside, the
main Raw Materials they are purchasing like poly propylene,
HDPE and monophilament.
 Checking of Raw-Material
They are checking the Raw Materials by length starching
machine, in this machine they check the strength of Raw-
Materials they are also checking the gage of yarn.
 Fill up the Spool
After checking the Raw-Materials they are filling the spool
with help of machine, for filling the spool first of all we have to
load empty spool in the machine, and to attach the yarn with
spool and after processing full of yarn.
 Load The Spool in Machine
After filling the spool with the yarn, we have to load
that spool in the machine. These machines have a technique of

30. wrapping. In this machine, there are two types of hook which
are upper and lower.
 Knotting of Yarn
In the machine two hooks are attached with each other as
they are making wrap between two yarns. The machine have a
technique to convert the wrap in to the knot, we can obtain
readyment net.
 Quality control
If there is any defect in the prepared yarn, then it is
automatically removed in the roller number 3. Here all the
components are placed on the quality control machine and are
checked through.
 Sewing
After the quality control of net, if there are defective nets
then is go for sewing. In this step sewers are sewing defective
nets. After the sewing the nets it go for a new process step.
 Heating & Ironing
When the nets are prepared after sewing, it go for a new
step which is called heating and ironing, in this step the nets are
heated 7 ironed by the machine, in the machine the temperature
is kept on 140°
C, after completing this step, the net become very
strong and smooth.

31.  Checking
After heating and ironing net go in the store room. In the
store room, they are checking the weight and strongness of the
nets.
 Packing
After the completing of all the process, the nets go for a
packing. In this step, they are packing the nets in to the plastics
begs which are already printed with the label of the company.
 Final Nets
In this step we can get final nets, which are ready for sale,
as per the requirement of the dealers company provide them
nets.

32. Production Capacity
The production capacity of the product is directly or
indirectly related with success of the company. Because if the
company got success but they are not able to produce the
product in time their success will not last long, so company has
to keep the production capacity high.
The production capacity of Cham synthetics PVT LTD. of
each and every types are as follows.
1. Monofilament 70kg.
2. HDPE 140kg.
3. Polypropylene 125kg.

33. Size and Range of Nets
Cham synthetics PVT LTD. is manufacturing mainly 3
types of nets which are HDPE, monofilament and P.P. size
range of these nets are as under.
(1) Monofilament nets
Denier Size
(In mm)
Mesh Size
(In mm)
Depth Size
(In md)
420 0.23 30 to 200 50 to 500
630 0.28 30 to 200 50 to 500
840 0.32 30 to 200 50 to 500
1050 0.36 30 to 200 50 to 500
1260 0.40 30 to 200 50 to 500
(2) HDPE Nets
Size
(In mm)
ply Mesh Size
(In mm)
Depth Size
(In md)
0.50 2×3 20 to 200 50 to 400
0.75 3×3 20 to 200 50 to 400
0.85 4×3 20 to 420 50 to 400
1.00 5×3 20 to 420 50 to 400
1.25 6×3 20 to 420 50 to 300
1.50 8×3 20 to 420 50 to 300
1.60 9×3 20 to 420 50 to 300
2.00 12×3 20 to 420 50 to 300
(3) Polypropylene
Product Size (In mm)
500 Denier Nets 20 to 1000

34. Production Policy
“Production Policy” is the most important policy of a
company. Every company has their own production policy.
Production policy helps to design the product successfully and
also to produce and sell it properly. If a company has good
production policy surely, it will get success.
“Cham” also has its own different production policy, the
production policy of “Cham” group is as follows.
“To produce the best quality and providing product
according to market demand”

36. Contents of Marketing Department
Sr. No. Particular Page
No.
1. Introduction
2. Organization structure of Marketing
3. Product Planning and development
4. Market Research
5. Pricing Policy
6. Channel of Distribution
7. Advertisement
8. Sales promotion
9. Branding & Slogan of Company

37. Introduction
In today‟s ever changing and dynamic world, marketing
management has its own importance as well as separate identity
in every organization. Because organization producing any item
has to sell its product, in absence of marketing company cannot
sell its product and cannot earn profit, which are the main goal
of any unit.
As marketing has this much importance is necessary for
every person to know “what does marketing actually mean. To
know the meaning of marketing in detail the following
definition is highlighted.”
“Marketing is a social and management process by which
an individual or group obtain what they need or want through
creating, offering and exchanging the product of voice and
others.”
- Philip Kotler

38. Marketing Chart
Director
Deputy General Manager
Marketing Sales Supervisors
Salesman officers
Consumers Assistants

39. Product Planning and Development
Product Planning
“Good Product is key to market success.” Hence, the
product is the most tangible and important component of
marketing programmed, without a product. there is nothing to
distribute nothing to promote and has broad meaning it can be
defined as under.
“Product is anything that can be offered to market for
attention acquisition use or consumption that might satisfy a
need or want.”
Philip Kotler
In Cham first of all with help of marketing research new
types are designed which is passed by the directors. The product
is planned properly with a great care, because if the product fails
the reputation of company goes down, this is Cham product is
planned well.

40. Product Development
In today‟s business scenario a company cannot satisfy all
his customers with a single product or a same product for a
longer period of time, the existing products require
modifications because of changing consumer need and tastes.
New technologies short life cycle and increased domestics and
foreign concept, product development there for is one of the
major marketing tasks.
The new product is developed in the company for the
following reasons.
 To satisfy customers
 To face competition
 To get more market share
 To recognize the latest demand
 To maintain sales volume
 To attract new customers
 To restrict the entry of new competitor
Cham synthetics is also developing a new product because
of the above reasons they special research and development
team who is constantly in search of new models of nets.

41. Market Research
“Marketing research is a systematic gathering, recording
and analyzing the data about marketing problems to facing
decision marketing.”
Condiff & Sftil
This includes marketing research, sales research, product
research, advertising research, business economic analysis,
export marketing research, motivation research etc.
In case of Cham synthetics is useful in different types of
fishing purpose and this company does not adopt special market
research program but always try to expand their market to make
certain useful changes in its product.
In present Era, globalization, spreading all over the
country and business, there for any industry that competition to
other.

42. Pricing policy
“What price should be charged for the product?” it is a
very critical question, the object of the firm i.e. to earn profit is
very much depended upon the correct price decision setting one
price of product differ from person to person i.e. whole seller,
retailer, customers.
“Decision concerning price to be followed for a period
time may be called price policy.”
The following points highlighted are the main pricing
methods which are adopted by the company.
(a) Cost plus pricing.
(b) Target returns pricing.
(c) Perceived value pricing.
(d) Going rate pricing.
(e) Sealed bid pricing.
At Cham synthetics PVT LTD. are fixed on the basis of
“going rate method”. Under going rate method the prices and
demand of the competitions products are considered.
In order to sell commodities a price to be fix, we
commonly observe two types of customers, one who consider
the price factor and are habituated to buy the product having
lowest price available in the market.

43. Channel of Distribution
“A channel of distribution for a product route taken by the
title to the goods as they move from the producer to the ultimate
consumer on industrial users”
Distribution is an important part of any producing unit, the
term distribution in contest of physical distribution conveys a
meaning of transporting of goods to ultimate consumer different
channels of distribution refers to the study to process and
produces relating to,
 Changes to be used between plant and consumer.
 Degree to selectivity among also seller and retailer.
 Efforts to gain co-operation of the trade.
 Direct Distribution
Here the producers directly sell their product to ultimate
consumer.
Manufacturer
Consumer
 Indirect Distribution
In case of indirect distribution there is always a
middlemen, in case of Cham synthetics there is following
channel of distribution.
Manufacturer
Sub Dealers
Consumer

44. Advertisement
In recent years, the advertisement becomes the most
popular and also effective factor to increase the sales, All type
of company it may be small size or big size or medium size
always give their advertisement of its product.
“Advertisement is causing to known to remember to do.”
-Wood
“Advertisement is any form of paid non personal
presentation of ideas, goods or services for the purpose of
reducing people to buy.”
-Weeler
In Cham synthetics is done through pamphlets, newspaper,
catalogues, magazine etc.
“Their quality is their Advertisement.”

45. Sales Promotion
Sales promotion is the mixture of marketing mix a dinner
is tasteless with other ingredients if salt is absent similarly, we
cannot think of marketing mix in absence of promotion mix, to
be different from competitors company adopts several effective
sales promotion measure which would result in raise in the sales
such as discount, free samples, after sales services, discount
coupon, free scheme etc. it can be defined as under.
“All those activities done by the company that helps to
increase the sale of the company can be called sales promotion
activity.”
 At customer level.
 At dealer level.
Cham Prefer both customer as well as dealer level of sales
promotion, they believe that their process are so low and the
quality is good that is the biggest sales promotion for customer.

46. Branding & Slogan of Company
The word “Brand” is a comprehensive term, a brand is a
name term, symbol or design as a combination of them which is
intended to identify the goods or services of them from their
competitors.
The Cham synthetics PVT LTD. brand name is
“KING FISH fishing nets”
Some slogans are used in branding trademark, the slogan
with right meaning attract the consumer to purchase the
particular product.
The slogan selected by Cham synthetics for their product
areas under.
1. “Deep inside the sea yet flying high.”
2. “Quality comes first and cost comes second.”

48. Contents of Personal Department
Sr. No. Particular Page
No.
1. Introduction
2. Recruitment Selection & Placement
3. Training & Development
4. Time Keeping System
5. Wages & Salary Administration
6. Personal Record
7. Employees Welfare Facility
8. Industrial Relation

49. Introduction
“Employees are the biggest strength of the unit.” Because
if we have finance. A good product but if we don‟t have good
employee to work in our company than it will not possible for
the owner to run the company. So company has great
importance in the company. In the same way personnel
department is very important is every organization, we can‟t
image an organization where there is no personnel department.
“Personnel management is planning, Organization,
direction and controlling of procurement, development,
compensation, integration, maintenance and separation at human
resource to the end that individual organization and societal
objectives are accomplished.”
-Edward Flippo
Thus, it is said that “Mind your men and men will mind
everything.”

50. Recruitment Selection & Placement
 Recruitment
Recruitment is the process of discovering the potential
application for actual of anticipated organization vacancies the
selection ration by attracting a large number of applicants for the
job. It helps management to select suitable employees for
different job opportunities.
“Recruitment is the process of searching for prospective
employee and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the
organization.”
-Edwin & Flippo
 Source of Recruitment
Before an organization being requiting application, it
should consider the most likely source of the types of the
employee it needs.
Source of Recruitment
Internal External
In case of the unit, there is no relevance to recruitment
function as it is a small scale unit with less number of labour.

51.  Selection
Selection is the most important part of the organization.
Because if a wrong person is selected in the organization than it
will ruin the whole organization, this is becomes hard to select a
man, it is a negative function because is attempts to eliminated
applicants leaving only the best to be selected, thus is can be
defined in the following way.
“Selection is the process in which candidates for
employment are divided into two classes those who are to be
offered employment and those who are not.”
- Dale Yoder
In case of Cham synthetics PVT LTD. first of all they
decide whether they want skilled, semi-skilled or unskilled
workers.
If they required unskilled worker they are easily available
from the local market. If they need semi-skilled workers they
give preference to ITI requirement of the job and finally if they
give advertisement in newspapers basic of their performance in
an interviews selection is done.
 Placement
This is the next stage after selection placement means
placing the employees to its position for which has been
selected.
Thus the above three steps any company has to follow it,
first of all they required the candidates and then company select
best candidates among them and last they give placement to
them.

52. Training and development
 Training
“Training is the organized procedure by which people
learn knowledge and or skill for a definite purpose.” Thus
training is an organized systematic process of improving skill
and technical knowledge for better performance of a person.
Ther are following means for providing training.
 On the job training
 Of the job training
 Practical training
In case of Cham training to the worker is provided as per
they need.
 Development
Development means growth of an individual in all respect.
In practice the term development is related to the executives or
managers.
In case of Cham the skill of new employee is developed
through training, guidance more over the unit also waits experts
from outside to train them.
Training and development helps in reduction of labor turn
over, less damage to material, high employees moral… so we
can say that training and development is necessary task for
every unit.

53. Time keeping system
Time is the most valuable thing for a business. If the time
discipline is loose, the production becomes slow.
Time keeping system is deferent in all the industries Cham
synthetics is working for 24 hours. So the workers are working
in their shifts in having duration of 8 hour.
The can be classified on the basis of time as under
A first shifts - 07: 00AM to 03: 00 PM
B second shifts - 03: 00PM to 11: 00 PM
C third shifts - 11: 00AM to 07: 00 AM

54. Wages and salary administration
Every employee has to use him mental or manual energy
in performing his duties. Thus what every compensation is paid
to as employee for the time and effort in doing the job is termed
as wages and salaries.
Practically a wage is a remuneration paid to the labors who
are engaged in physical on manual hard work in production
process.
„Salary is used for these payments which are made to
Clarks, supervisors and managers for doing clerical,
administrative and professional work.
In Cham synthetics wages and salaries are paid at the end
of the month as per time wage system. The amount to be paid is
however dependent upon qualification, capacity, skill etc…
Thus after been consideration of other aspects wages and
salaries are paid.

55. Personal Records
Personal records are the records of up to date information
about the present employees of the organization, it is a reliable
sources for the management to get information. About
employees at the time of decision making regarding promotion
increment in wages, transfer, retirement and etc… This
information is kept in the computers.
The basic information about personal are
 Name
 Father‟s Name
 Age
 Education Qualification
 Date of Appointment.

56. Employees Welfare Facilities
Welfare of employees is also the function of every
enterprise managers have to look after welfare activities of
employees. There for, management offers goods payments, good
working conditions and other facilities to the employees.
The Cham synthetics PVT LTD. also play attention
towards welfare activities.
 They provide medical facilities
 They provide bus facilities
 They provide canteen facilities
 They provide bonus to the employees every year on
Diwali festival.
 They provide job satisfaction to employees by offering
good payment, good working condition and suitable
placement.
All this is in interest of unit itself, employees and the whole
nation.

57. Industrial Relation
Every unit has to maintain harmonious relationship with
the different groups of society i.e. employees, investor,
customers and external persons like suppliers satisfaction to
them so that their full co-operation may be obtained in
established the objectives.
Cham synthetics PVT LTD. not only keep good
relationship with not only society but also with creditors, bank,
and customers. The good industrial relationship creates a good
impression in market.

59. Contents of Financial Department
Sr. No. Particular Page
No.
1. Introduction
2. Financial Planning
3. Capital Structure
4. Cash Management
5. Management of Working Capital
6. Manufacturing & Trading A/C
7. Profit & Loss A/C
8. Balance Sheet
9. Ratio Analysis
10. Leverage Analysis

60. Introduction
“Money is a good but a bad master.” In today‟s ever
changing and dynamics world, the money has become more
importance than the man who is the real maker of the money.
In today‟s age, Finance is a life blood of and business
activity. If the circulation of blood in the human body is
sufficient than human being works in speed but if the circulation
of blood is insufficient than human being becomes lazy,
likewise, if Finance is sufficient in business the business works
smoothly and if finance is not sufficient than the business dose
not work smoothly, thus we can say that
“Finance is the master key which provides smoothness to
all managerial activities.”
“Financial management is concern with planning,
organizing, direction and controlling funds to minimize cost of
capital and maximize return or investment.”

61. Financial Planning
Growth in sales is an important objective of most firms.
An increase in a firm would need assets to sustain the higher
growth in sales; it has to invest in addition of plant and
machinery to increase its production capacity. Also it would
need additional current assets to produce and sell more goods.
The firm would have to acquire raw material and concern this in
to finished goods after incurring manufacturing expenses. It may
have to sell goods or credit because of the industry norms or to
push up states.
At present the share capital of the company is Rs. 10 lakh.
They have also obtained secured loan from outside of Rs.
83,958 and whenever the need a rises they use C.C. which is
granted by SBS is up to the limit of whatever they need.

62. Capital Structure
The central issue before financial manager is to determine
the proportion of country department. The mix of country and
debt is known as firms “capital structure”. The capital structure
of the company may be the sum of owner‟s capital i.e. debenture
loan etc… Every company have its own capital structure, as the
source of funds are different in every company but the financial
manager must strive to obtain the best financing mix or
optimum capital structure too his firm. Thus capital structure is
mix of different financial sources.
Particular Amt. Amt.
Share capital
Add :
Borrowed capital
Unsecured loan
10,00,000
83,958
10,00,000
83,958

63. Cash management
Cash is one of the current assets of a business. It is needed
at all the times to keep the business going. A business concern
should always keep sufficient cash for meeting its obligations,
any shortages of cash will hamper the operations of concerns
any excess of it will be unproductive.
Cash management has assumed importance because it is
most significant of all the current assets, it is required to meet
business obligation and it is unproductive when not used.
Cash management deals with following.
 Cash inflows and outflows
 Cash flow within the firm
 Cash balance held by the firm at a point of time.

64. Management of working capital
The term working is commonly used for the capital
requirement for day to day working in a business concern such
as, for purchasing raw material, for meeting day to day
expenditure on salaries, wages, rent etc… The important point is
that money invested for such expenses is returned after goods
sold, in cash of sales and at the time of collection from debaters
in credit sales. Thus working capital is required for every
business. There are generally two concept of working capital.
(1) Gross working capital
(2) Net working capital
The company even if a small unit or a large unit needs the
working capital. Every company has some amount of working
capital no company can run the business without working
capital. So company needs working capital from the following
sources.
(1) Issuing shares / debenture / bonds
(2) Retained profits
(3) Term loan
(4) Depreciation fund
(5) Trade credits
(6) Advance from customers
(7) Public deposit
(8) Government assistance

65. Ratio Analysis
Ratio analysis is an important technique of financial
analysis, the relation between two related items of financial
statements is known as ratio, a ratio is thus number expenses in
terms of another, a ratio is customarily expressed in three
different ways.
(1) In proportion between two figures
(2) In form of percentage
(3) To express it in rates (times)
(A) Profitably ratio
(1) Gross profit ratio = Gross profit × 100
Sales
For 2012, = 13, 56,605 × 100
1, 91, 06,283
= 7.10 %
For 2011, = 12, 23,634 × 100
1, 56, 69,889
= 7.81 %
Comment:
The gross profit ratio for the year 2011 is 7.81 %,
whereas for the year 2012 is 7.10 % which shows
decrease as compared to last year.

66. (2) Net profit ratio = Net profit × 100
Sales
For 2012, = 24, 634 × 100
1, 91, 06,283
= 0.13 %
For 2011, = 90, 451 × 100
1, 56, 69,889
= -0.47 %
Comment:
The Net profit ratio for the year 2012 is 0.13 %,
whereas for the year 2011 company was suffered in Net
loss -0.47 % which shows that profitability of the
business has increase as compared to last year.
(3) Returned an capital employed ratio
= Net profit × 100
Capital employed
For 2012, = 24, 634 × 100
17, 95, 327
= 1.37 %
For 2011, = 90, 451 × 100
17, 70, 692
= -5.11 %

67. Comment:
The returned on capital employed ratio for the year
2011 is -5.11 %, because of loss and this year 2012 is
1.33 % profit so, the probability of the company
increases.
(B) Liquidity Ratio :
(1) Current ratio = Current Assets
Current liability
For 2012, = 38, 92, 250
1, 14, 00, 167
= 0.34: 1
For 2011, = 34, 82, 618
1, 12, 08, 432
= 0.31: 1
Comment:
This current ratio for the year 2011 is 0.31: 1,
whereas for the year 2012 is 0.34: 1 which indicates that
ratio has increase as compared to last year. It is good for
the company.

68. (2) Quick ratio = Quick Assets
Quick liability
For 2012, = 19, 21, 700
1, 14, 00, 167
= 0.17: 1
For 2011, = 15,23, 533
1, 12, 08, 432
= 0.14: 1
Comment:
This Quick ratio for the year 2011 is 0.14: 1, whereas
for the year 2012 is 0.17: 1 which shows increase in
current year.
(C) Proprietary Ratio
(1) Debt Equity Ratio = Long Term Liabilities × 100
Share Holder‟s Fund
For 2012, = 83, 958 × 100
17, 95, 327
= 4.68 %
For 2011, = 90, 451 × 100
17, 70, 692
= 5.11 %

69. Comment:
Debt Equity ratio for the year 2011 is 4.68 %,
whereas for the year 2012 is 5.11 % which shows ratio
has increase as compared to last year.
(2) Proprietary Ratio = Proprietor‟s Fund × 100
Total Assets
For 2012, = 17, 95, 327× 100
1, 31, 11, 535
= 13.70 %
For 2011, = 17, 70, 692× 100
1, 44, 70, 293
= 12.24 %
Comment:
Proprietary ratio for the year 2011 is 12.24 %,
whereas for the year 2012 is 13.70 % which shows ratio
has increase as compared to last year.
(D) Turnover Ratio
(1) Stock Turnover Ratio = Sales
Average Stock
For 2012, = 1, 91, 062, 83
11, 88, 063
= 16.08 Times

70. For 2011, = 1, 56, 69, 889
13, 22, 368
= 11.85 Times
Comment:
Stock turnover ratio for the year 2011 is 11.85 Times
Whereas compared for the last year 2012 is 16.08
Times which indicates that efficiency of the company to
make the sales has increased.
(2) Assets Turnover Ratio = Sales
Total Assets
For 2012, = 1, 91, 062, 83
1, 31, 11, 535
= 1.46 Times
For 2011, = 1, 56, 69, 889
1, 44, 70,293
= 1.08 Times
Comment:
Total Assets turnover ratio for the year 2011 is 1.08
Times. Whereas for the year 2012 is 1.46 which shows
ratio has increased as compared to last year.

71. (3) Fixed Assets Turnover Ratio = Sales
Fixed Assets
For 2012, = 1, 91, 062, 83
12, 97, 790
= 14.72 Times
For 2011, = 1, 56, 69, 889
15, 27, 994
= 10.26 Times
Comment:
Fixed Assets turnover ratio for the year 2011 is 10.26
Times whereas compared for the year 2012 is 14.72
Times which shows ratio has increased as compared to
last year, so it shows efficiency and profitability of
business.

72. Leverage analysis
Leverage is defined as “The tendency for the profit to
changes as a faster rate than sales.”
o Christ and Roden
Leverage has been defined as “The mechanical advantage
gained by the use of levers.”
It physics, lever is an instrument involving points
 Point where the effort is applied
 A fixed point called fulcrum and point where the work is
done.
There are two types of Leverages
(1) Operating leverages
(2) Financial leverages
(1) Operating leverages :
Operating leverages is used in connection with the
fixed cost involved in the production in order to maximize
the operating profit.
Operating leverages = Contribution
EBIT
For 2012, = 24, 26, 584
1, 72, 677
= 14.05 %

73. For 2011, = 17, 81, 432
94, 625
= -18.83 %
Interpritation
It is defined as “The ability of a firm to use fixed
financial changes to magnify the effect of changes in EBIT
on the earning per share.”
(2) Financial leverages :
“Financial leverages is the phenomenon of using
funds obtained at a fixed cost in the hope of increasing the
return to the equity share holder.”
Financial leverages = EBIT
EBIT-1
For 2012, = 1, 72, 676
193, 114
= 1.85 %
For 2011, = 94, 625
-46, 356
= -2.04%
Interpritation
Financial leverage of the company shows the
relationship between profited after tax and operation
profit. The financial leverage of the firm increases so this
is good for the company.

75. Future Plan
It is necessary for each and every organization to made
plan for it future. In order to get success in future and to survive
for long time, It is almost must for every company to decide its
future plan.
At present Cham synthetics company is producing fishing
Nets, Ropes and also Exporting fish in outside the countries
etc… They become popular in all their product market.
So far as Cham synthetics is concerned its basic future
plan to reducing the cost of production by reducing expenses
and increase the production capacity with the use of new
machines imported from Korea and to improve the satisfaction
of the employees and consequently to increase their
productivity.

77. Summary of all the report
“Cham” is the most trusted brand name in India of quality
and customer belief. It was started on 4th
May 1983 under
guidance of family head late Mr. Kanjibhai Cham was pioneer
of the company.
 Production Department :
They have established a well sophisticated unit on Bokhira
all whether road. They are using totally different types of
machine for manufacturing. The main product of the raw
materials from India, Korea, Goa, and Bhavnagar etc. they are
producing different types of Net like Monofilament, HDPE,
Polypropylene.
 Marketing Department :
Good products are key to market success. They are
planning the product with great care as they belief in customer
satisfaction. They adopt going rate pricing policy and cost plus
pricing policy. They are a strong channel of distribution. They
deal with completion with perfect attention.
 Personnel Department
Personnel Department is most efficient department. They
recruit the staff as per their requirement and they take personal
interview and they do placement. They provide one month

78. training to the staff on the job. They are giving many benefits to
the employees have medical facility etc…and many other also.
 Finance Department
Finance is the most important department of the firm.
Finance is planned well. They have well financial background
and sale network. They have share capital as their own capital
and also borrowed capital. They have department like
administration, account department, financial department etc…
thus finance is managed well and good.

80. Conclusion
I was visited the Cham Synthetics PVT LTD. of
Porbandar. It is continuing its production from many years and
due to quality maintained. It has created a very good reputation
in national level.
At last, I conclude that Cham Synthetics PVT LTD. is very
well managed company. It is expand their business with starting
new unit and increase their capacity.
The relationship between employees and employer are
very good. All the department are co-ordinate properly and
formal way although it may create homely environment.
I enjoy every much with the staff of unit, it is memorable
experience for me.

82. Bibliography
I have referred many books for preparing this report. I
have books on accountancy as well on management. The
following are the books I have referred for preparing this report.
 Marketing Department:
Marketing Management: Philip Kotler
Marketing Management: William Stanton
 Personnel Department:
Management of HRD: Dr. C. B. Memoria
Personnel Management: Edward Filippo
 Finance Department:
Finance Department: B. S. Shah
Finance Management: I. M. Pandey
 Books of Account:
Company Account: B. S. Shah