A brief introduction to ESRD and causes ,symptoms,risk factors and management.

1. End Stage of Renal Disease
NURYA ALI

2. Contents:
• What is ESRD
• Kidney function
• Causes of ESRD
• Risk factors
• Symptoms
• Diagnostic Aids
• Management

3. What is ESRD?
• End-stage kidney disease means that the final stage of
kidney disease, and kidneys are not functioning well
enough to meet the needs of daily life.
• End-stage renal disease is a condition in which the
kidneys no longer function normally.

4. How kidneys work?
Kidneys eliminate remove wastes and extra fluid from your
body and poisons from the body, and remove acid that is
produced by the cells of your body and maintain a healthy
balance of water, salts, and minerals such as sodium,
calcium, phosphorus, and potassium in your blood.
When the kidneys can no longer perfume this function, a
person becomes very ill and ultimately dies.

5. causes
• Diabetics: cannot break down glucose (sugar)
correctly, and levels remain high in the blood
and damage the glomeruli in the neutrons.
• Hypertension: the increased pressure that is
forced upon the small vessels in the kidneys
leads to damage that makes the vessels
unable to perform their blood-filtering duties.

6. Causes:
• Hypertension: the increased
pressure that is forced upon
the small vessels in the
kidneys leads to damage
that makes the vessels
unable to perform their
blood-filtering duties.
• Diabetics: cannot break
down glucose (sugar)
correctly, and levels remain
high in the blood and
damage the glomeruli in the
neutrons.

7. Risk factors
1- Autoimmune diseases
like systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus)
2-Genetic disorders
such as polycystic kidney disease
3-Exposure to toxic drugs
including:
• certain antibiotics
• chemotherapy
• contrast dyes
4-pain relievers

8. • OTHER SYMTOMS:
• nausea and vomiting
• dry skin and itching
• changes in skin color
• bone pain
• confusion and
difficulty
concentrating

9. DIAGNOSTIC
FINDINGS

10. Treatments

11. Peritoneal
dialysis

12. Kidney transplant
• Kidney transplants allow
people with severe kidney
disease to avoid or discontinue
dialysis.
• However, even a successful
kidney transplant is not a cure.
• Anyone who receives a kidney
transplant must take
immunosuppressive drugs for
life (These are drugs that
prevent the body from
rejecting the donated Organ),
unless they received a kidney
donated by their identical twin.