1. The Outlook for Russian LNG
Assessing the outlook for Russian
LNG projects against a backdrop
of sanctions and decline…
Nicholas Cobb
Managing Director / Independent Russia Analyst
Cobb Energy Communications LTD
23.03.2015

2. Introducing CEC…
Cobb Energy Communications (CEC) is an energy sector focused communications,
commodities and technical consultancy offering a wide variety of cost-
effective corporate services.Working with a range of organisations including
the UK Government, major international events organisers as well as small to
medium sized energy companies CEC is pleased to offer a bespoke, cost-
effective and friendly service. Our service specialism includes:
 Corporate & Political Communications
 Russia & the CIS Corporate Advisory
 Sanctions advice
 Research and consultancy
 UK & Russian Government Relations – Access to Russian
Government, Duma, MFA, Ministry of Energy, Orthodox Church
and Industry
 Energy and Commodities Brokerage
 Events Management & Production
 Project Funding and Deal Facilitation
 In-Country Agent Support in the UK, Germany, Canada, Russia & the
CIS
 Shale Gas & Gas Contracts Training / Consultancy
 Energy Research and Consultancy
For more information please visit www.cobbenergy.co.uk / email
nic@cobbenergy.co.uk
About the Speaker: Prior to founding Cobb Energy in late 2012, Nic
worked for a number of leading events and trade media companies
including the Daily Mail Group, Centaur Media PLC as well as Argus
Media Ltd – a leading hydrocarbon price assessment agency.
Having left DMG Nic setup Cobb Energy as a niche energy sector
communications and events consultancy designed with the client
needs at its heart. Nic has experience of working with senior
leadership teams from across the energy sector including the full
industry chain from upstream operators through to renewable
energy companies and government. In addition CEC offers a
comprehensive commodity brokerage service.
In late 2014 Nic launched the new 'Russian Corporate Advisory
Service' which offers clients an enhanced energy and government
relations service through proprietary contacts including former
Ambassadors, a former UK Energy Minister, senior diplomats as
well as well placed individuals within Russian and UK business. As an
independent energy analyst and Russia watcher Nic has worked with
a range of organisations including the BBC, PR Week, Bloomberg and
others and regularly writeson East-West energy relations. Nic is an
avid Russophile and a Trustee & Director of the Great Britain Russia
Society as well as the Chairman of the Westminster Russia Forum.
In addition Nic is also the Vice Chair of an in inner city school
governing board, and also stood as a candidate in the 2010 election.

3. What will be discussed?
• Overview of East – West energy relations – changing dynamic in serial decline…
• Makeup of the Russian hydrocarbon & LNG sectors…
– Who are the major players?
• Corporate governance – nature of the state-industrial complex
– In search of new markets
– Sanctions and how they impact business operations
• The Crimean Peninsula – stumbling block to future East-West energy cooperation
• Current, planned and projects under construction – overview and project
developments
• What does the future hold for Russian LNG?
• Q&A

4. Overview of East – West energy relations –
changing dynamic in serial decline…
• The summary – poor and declining political – energy – corporate relations with no immediate sign of resolution
• Traditionally strong relations with Western Europe:
– Westerngas supplies /Central & Eastern Europe dependent on Russian natural gas dating back to Soviet times
– Traditionally close post Soviet corporate links with Balkan and Central / East European state
– Westas a major recipient of Russian energy products
– Increasing ties with North American majors in Arctic exploration & knowledge transfer
• What are the factors impacting current relations between Moscow and Western energy relations?
– Ukraine , MH17, Crimea referendum and ongoing situation in Luhansk and Donetsk
– Propaganda and media war – Moscow, Brussels and Washington – difficult to tell the wood for the trees
– Geopolitical factors – Snowden, Syria and NATO-Russia tensions impacting policy making – despite corporate appetite to continue ‘business as
usual’ operationally captive to geopolitical factors and sanctions – commercial slowdownbeholden to political relations
– Traditionally murky corporate governance and historic actions – BP-TNK etc
• Moving ahead?
– Short to medium term slow down in in-country business between Russian and Westerncorporates with business as usual as far as possible
– As an inherently strategic sector – ‘energy’ and LNG may be the last to normalise
– Removal of sanctions may allow European partners and technical providers the chance resume operations but London and Washington may
drag feet for political gain
– Moscow is keen to re-establish commercial links – Russia remains a high risk business environment but requires Western expertise to realise
projects despite improving domestic capacity

5. The Russian Energy & LNG Sectors ‘At a Glance’
Who are the Major Players in Russian
Gas Sector?
• Baltic LNG
• Gazprom
• Itera
• Lukoil
• Northgas
• Novatek
• Rosneft
• Sakhalin Energy
• SeverEnergia
• Soyuzneftegaz
• Surgutneftegas
• Tatneft
• TNK-BP
• TyumenNIIgiprogas
• Yuganskneftegaz
Novatek:
• Russia’s largest independent gas
producer – seventh largest gas
publically traded producer globally
• Founded 1994
• Publically traded company on London
and Moscow Stock Exchanges and
owned by:
– Leonid Miichelson – CEO – 28% share
– Volga Group – 23%
– Total SA – 16%
– Gazprom – 9.4%
• Operations:
– Yurkharovskoye field (full ownership)
– South Tambeyskoye field (full
ownership)
– Termokartskoye field (Part ownership
with Total SA)
– Malo – Yamalskoye field – (Acquired via
purchase of Tambneyneftegas)
– 51% stake in Sibneftegaz (With Itera)
– Joint project with Gazprom in Yamal –
with Total SA
– Developing Sabetta Port in JV with RF
Government
– Host of other companies
• Sanctions:
– Limited access to long term finance
over 90 days
– No interests in Crimea
Russian LNG Operators Case Studies:
Gazprom:
• Headquartered Moscow
• Founded 1989
• State enterprise and owned by RF Government
• Management - state oriented –Chairman - ViktorZubkov
• Number of employees – 393,000
• Global energy company with worlds largest gas reserves
• Market share – 17% global and 72% national
• Currently only producer and exporter of LNG
• Major operations include aviation, banking, production and
exploration, transport and support services
• Major projects include: Nord Stream, Sakhalin II, Shtokman,
South Stream, Yamal Megaproject and producing assets
• International trading arm
• Extensive interest in LNG exports and project development
• Sanctions – subject to major sanctions
Make-Up of Russian Corporate Sector:
• Flat business structure
• Pre-dominance of state interests
• Close tie between business and the national interest
• Good opportunities for the right company

6. Russia in Search for New Gas Markets…
Russia seeks to expand its global gas client base…
• Rapid re-alignment of Russian economy Eastwards
•With increase in US Shale and increased production Russia
looks to Far East and Asia to ensure project viability
• Russia supplies 5% of global market from Sakhalin - aims to
boost to 20% in 2030
•Ukraine – Russia tensions stokes interest for Western regas
terminals
• Russia liberalises export markets – major investments into
Northern projects – e.g. $27bn investment into Yamal
• Northern sea routes open up trade with Asia
•Up to a point will always trade with Western partners but
diversifying exports to include:
• Japan
• South Korea
• China – undetermined impact on US exports
• Major energy cooperation and integration
• $400bn supply deal over three decades
• Major new pipeline projects – Altai & West-
East Pipelines
•On the ‘doorstep’ term supply
• Other Asian buyers
• Change in official attitude – diplomatic re-alignment

7. The Sanctions List…
Types of Sanctions (EU):
• Individuals & Organisations:
– 151 persons and 27 entities linked to Ukraine crisis
– Wide range of organisations including commercial entities
– Ban on all imports and exports to Crimea
• Sectoral sanctions:
• EU nationals and companies may no longer buy or sell new bonds, equity or similar financial instruments with a maturity exceeding 30
days, issued by:
– five major state-owned Russian banks, their subsidiaries outside the EU and those acting on their behalf or under their control.
– three major Russia energy companies and
– three major Russian defence companies.
• Services related to the issuing of such financial instruments, e.g. brokering, are also prohibited.
• EU nationals and companies may not provide loans to five major Russian state-owned banks.
• Embargo on the import and export of arms and related material from/to Russia, covering all items on the EU common military list.
• Prohibition on exports of dual use goods and technology for military use in Russia or to Russian military end-users, including all items in
the EU list of dual use goods. Export of dual use goods to nine mixed defence companies is also banned.
• Exports of certain energy-related equipment and technology to Russia are subject to prior authorisation by competent
authorities of Member States. Export licenses will be denied if products are destined for deep water oil exploration and
production, arctic oil exploration or production and shale oil projects in Russia.
• Services necessary for deep water oil exploration and production, arctic oil exploration or production and shale oil projects
in Russia may not be supplied, for instance drilling, well testing or logging services.

8. Russian LNG Projects and Planned Developments…
Operational…
Sakhalin LNG
Planned…
Baltic LNG Vladivostok LNG
Under Construction…
Shtokman
Projects on hold – Far Eastern LNG

9. Gazprom LNG Projects – Sakhalin II
Sakhalin Overview:
• Sakhalin Energy Investment Company Ltd. (Sakhalin Energy) is the Sakhalin II project operator –
Parent Gazprom
• The Sakhalin Energy shareholders:
– Gazprom Sakhalin Holdings B.V.(a subsidiary Gazprom – 50 per cent plus one share)
– Shell Sakhalin Holdings B.V. (a subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell plc. – 27.5 per cent
minus one share)
– Mitsui Sakhalin Holdings B.V. (a subsidiary of Mitsui and Co., Ltd. – 12.5 per cent)
– Diamond Gas Sakhalin B.V. (a subsidiary of Mitsubishi Corporation – 10 per cent)
• Major development project includes 1999 - Present:
– Lunskoye A Installed 2006 with production of 50mn cubic feet of production, 16,000
bls of crude and 50,000bls per day of condensates
– Piltun-Astokhstkoye A Platform – Mothballed 1990 but re-activated 1998 -90,000 bls
of crude per day and 1.7mn cubic meters of associated gas
– Piltun-Astokhstkoye B Platform – Established 2007 - 70,000bls of crude per day
– Extensive E&P activity
– Onshore gas processing facility – NE Sakhalin Island with extensive gas, condensate
and crude processing facilities
– Extensive modernisation of regional infrastructure
– Trans-Sakhalin pipelines – Connects all offshore to processing facility – LNG and
crude export facilities
– Oil export terminal
• Sakhalin II LNG Export Terminal:
– First of its kind in Russia
– Located Prigorodnoye – Aniva Bay and built in cooperation with Japan’s Chiyoda
Corporation / Toyo Engineering Corporation – designed to shout down in case of
seismic event
– Produces 9.6mn tons of LNG per year
– Accounts for 4% of worlds LNG

10. Sakhalin LNG (Continued)
Sakhalin LNG Clients Include (amongst others):
• Kyushu Electric Power Company
• Shell Eastern Trading Ltd
• Tokyo Gas
• Toho Gas
• Korea Gas Corporation
• Hiroshima Gas Co. Ltd
• Tōhoku Electric Power Company
• Osaka Gas
• Chūbu Electric Power Company
• Tepco
• Gazprom M&T – Chartering
• Utilities and Importers in India, Taiwan, UK, Mexico and others
Sakhalin LNG II LNG Includes:
• Two 100,000 cubic metres (3,500,000 cu ft) LNG storage tanks
• An LNG jetty
• Two LNG processing trains, each with capacity of 4.8 million tons of LNG per year
• Two refrigerantstorage spheres, 1,600 cubic metres (57,000 cu ft) each (gross
capacity) for propane and ethane storage
•A diesel fuel system
• A heat transfer fluid system for the supply of heat to various process consumers
• Five gas turbine driven generators with a total capacity of around 129 MW
electrical power
• Utility systems including instrument air and nitrogen plants and diesel fuel systems
• A waste water treatment plant to treat both sewage water and coil-containing
water

11. Vladivostok LNG – Train One2018
The Vladivostok LNG – a National Priority….
• Vladivostok LNG project to be sped up as
a national priority to boost Eastern
exports / boost global market share
• Project is part of the development of the
Unified gas Supply System of Russia
(UGSS) to boost APAC market exports
• Main export target – Japan (Worlds
fourth largest energy consumer)
• Project will include no less that 15mn
tons per year of LNG
– Train ONE – 5mn tones to be
commissioned in 2018 – behind
schedule
– Gas supplied via Yakutia, Irkutsk
and Sakhalin III (major expansion
of Sakhalin gas production)
• Project composition – Gazprom,
Japanese Ministry of the Economy –
Russian Agency for Natural Resources
and Energy
• Current status – feasibility study
completed, MOU’s signed (2012) and
preliminary works underway

12. Baltic LNG & Regas Terminal
The Baltic LNG Terminal ‘At a Glance’…
• To be built close to Ust – Luga seaport – current status is
investment stage
• Being built in cooperation with Government of Leningrad
Oblast – looking for investors to take 49% investment stake
• Supplied with gas from UGSS
• Aim to be completed in 2018 – main markets to be European
(small and large scale) with Latin America designated as
potential targets
• Ensures security of supply to Kalingrad Oblast – good potential
for bunkering and small scale LNG in Baltic region
• Plant to boast 10mn tons of LNG with possible expansion to
15mn tons per year if decision made to expand production
Proposed LNG Regas Terminal – Kaliningrad
• Designed to ensure Kaliningrad’s energy security
– Home of Baltic Fleet
• New terminal will link to underground storage facility at Kaliningradskoye
• MOU signed between Kaliningrad Oblast Government and Gazprom –
planned that late 2017 terminal will be able to receive first deliveries –
total capacity will be 9mn tons a day
• Current status – planning and land allocation

13. Yamal LNG – Sabetta - 2016
Yamal LNG Overview:
• Operator – Yamal LNG – JV with Novatek (60%) / Total (20%) and
CNPC (20%)
• To be supplied by S.Tamboy and Shtokman– one of world’s largest
fields at estimated 3.8 trillion cubic feet of natural gas –
collaboration between Statoil, Total and Gazprom
• Located on Ob River – ice locked for nine months of the year
• Key capacity to include output of 16.5mn tons per year – three LNG
trains
• 5550 workers involved in projects
• Major regional infrastructure inclluding intl. airport, roads and rail
infrastrictire
• Will be largest Arctic development project with 200 wells, 3 LNG
trains and gas storage and processing terminal
• Has spurred development of ice-breaker class tankers – each able
to transport 170,000 cubic meters
• Significant environmental problems – major hurdles to overcome
• Funding – suffering from sanctions – RF Government direct
investment of 150bn Roubles - $2bn in December
• CNPC – Yamal LNG in LNG supply – 20 yr contracted linked to
Japanese Crude Cocktail
• Linked to development of Sabetta Port – JV with RF Government
and Novatek – major hydrocarbonport and settlement
• Status – on track

14. Conclusions…
The Negatives…
• East-West political and business relations to remain strained for some time
• Decreasing appetite for sanctions / sectoral sanctions in areas of Europe
• Russian economy remains volatile as it re-focuses to diversify partners – return to Western focus highly unlikely
• European business remains keen to continue Russian partnerships but hampered by sanctions
• Mind change Eastwards with less emphasis on European and US exports – firm focus on APAC region
• Until Crimea situation resolved energy relations / access to technology etc will remain limited
The Positives…
• Despite differences relatively healthy
• Projects are continuing – many coming on stream in next 3-5 years
• Investment being replaced by Eastern and Chinese partners
• Domestic technical abilities improving
• Moscow still keen to export to W Europe
• Business can still be done – sanctions are largely risk based – domestic governance also improving

15. Any Questions?