3. Objetivo
Obtener un conocimiento GENERAL del manejo USUAL de pacientes con las patologías a
discutir desde la sospecha diagnóstica, hasta el las pautas de seguimiento post-
tratamiento, pasando por los aspectos más relevantes de tratamientos con intención
curativa.
19. TNM
N1:
movable LN
N2:
Fixed Matted LN
N3:
Infraclavicular LN, or
Supraclavicular LN, or
Axillary + internal mammary LN
T1: up to 2 cm
More than 2,
less than 5 cm
T3: more than
5 cm
M0: No distant
metastasis
M1: Distant
metastasis
T4: Chest wall or
Skin involvement
LN: Lymph nodes
CLINICAL
Enough tnm to guide
therapy for breast cancer
20. TNM
N1:
1-3 axillary ln
N2:
4-9 axillary ln
N3:
More than 10 axillary LN
Infraclavicular LN, or
Supraclavicular LN, or
Axillary + internal mammary LN
T1: up to 2 cm
More than 2,
less than 5 cm
T3: more than
5 cm
M0: No distant
metastasis
M1: Distant
metastasis
T4: Chest wall or
Skin involvement
LN: Lymph nodes
PATHOLOGICAL
Enough tnm to guide
therapy for breast cancer
38. Mastectomía radical modificada
A.Resección de la mama (en rosado)
B.Disección de ganglios axilares – Nivel I
C.Disección de ganglios axilares – Nivel II
D.Disección de ganglios axilares – Nivel III
Lumpectomía
(cuadrantectomía) – Cirugía
preservadora de mama
QUIRÚRGICO
61. Workup – Stages I-IIB Comments
H&P
Diagnostic bilateral mammogram
Breast ultrasound
Pathologic review
Determination ER / PR
Determination Her2
Genetic counseling High risk for hereditary cancer
Breast MRI Optional
Counseling for fertility In premenopausal; pregnancy test
Further workup as needed Complete blodd count, liver function tests
Bone scan if symptoms or high alk-phosphatase
Abdomen CT in high alk-phosphatase or symptoms
Chest CT if pulmonary symptoms
Breast cancer
https://www.nccn.org
62. Workup – Stages IIIA T3, N1, MO Comments
H&P
Diagnostic bilateral mammogram
Breast ultrasound
Pathologic review
Determination ER / PR
Determination Her2
Genetic counseling High risk for hereditary cancer
Breast MRI Optional
Counseling for fertility In premenopausal; pregnancy test
Complete blood count
Liver function tests, alk-phosphatase
Chest / abdomen +/- pelvis CT
Bone scan
PET-CT Optional
Breast cancer
https://www.nccn.org
63. Workup – Prior to preoperative
systemic therapy
Comments
H&P
Diagnostic bilateral mammogram
Breast ultrasound
Pathologic review
Axillary assessment Physical exam, ultrasound or other imaging as necessary,
and percutaneous biopsy of suspecious nodes
Determination ER / PR
Determination Her2
Genetic counseling High risk for hereditary cancer
Breast MRI Optional
Counseling for fertility In premenopausal; pregnancy test
Further workup as needed Complete blodd count, liver function tests
Bone scan if symptoms or high alk-phosphatase
Abdomen CT in high alk-phosphatase or symptoms
Chest CT if pulmonary symptoms
Breast cancer
https://www.nccn.org
64. Clinical suspicion
Suspiscious
mammo…
Breast skin changes Nipple abnormalities
Core-needle biopsy
(ie US-guided)
Breast mass
TNM/Stage/Biology
Stage I Stage II
Resectable stage
III
Unresectable
stage III
Metastatic
65. Luminal Her2+ TNBC
Stage I LRT (RT if BCS)
Genomic (Chemo if HR)
Hormonal
LRT (RT if BCS)
Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab
Hormonal if HR+
LRT (RT if BCS)
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Stage II LRT (RT if BCS)
Genomic (Chemo if HR)
Hormonal
LRT (RT if BCS)
AC, followed by Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab
Hormonal if HR+
RT if LN+
LRT (RT if BCS)
Adjuvant chemotherapy
RT if LN+
Stage III Neoadjuvant AC-Paclitaxel
Surgery – RT
Hormonal
Neoadjuvant AC-Paclitaxel + Trastuzumab
Surgery – RT
If not-pCR: T-DM1; else, Trastuzumab
Hormonal if HR+
Neoadjuvant AC-Paclitaxel +/-
Carboplatin
Surgery – RT
If not-pCR: Capecitabine
Low-Risk Metastatic (Bone
and soft tissue metastases,
only)
Ovarian ablation (premenopausal) + AI +
cdk4/6 inhibitor + Denosumab
CLEOPATRA: Docetaxel + Trastuzumab + Pertuzumab +
Denosumab
Single-agent paclitaxel
Visceral crises Single/combined chemo, followed by
hormone
CLEOPATRA Single/combined chemo
Breast cancer pattern of care
LRT: Loco-regional therapy (ie, surgery +/- radiation); RT: radiation therapy; BCS: breast-conserving surgery, HR: Estrogen or progesteron receptor positive, AC: Doxorubicin +
Cyclophosphamide; LN+: positive regional lymph-nodes; pCR: pathologic complete response, T-DM1: Trastuzumab emtansine; AI: Aromatase inhibitor
66.
67. Drug MOA Included in Main toxicities
Doxorubicin Topoisomerase II inhibitor
(anti DNA agent)
A in AC Alopecia
Nausea/Vomiting
Myelosuppression
Mucositis
Cardiac toxicity, 2ry leukemias
Cyclophosph
amide
Alkilating agent (anti DNA
agent)
C in AC Myelossuppression
… See doxorubicin
Paclitaxel Anti microtubule agent
(mitosis poison)
Paclitaxel, alone or in combination Muscle and joint pain
Myelosuppression
Peripheral neuropathy
Capecitabine Antimetabolite (anti
Thymidilate synthase)
Capecitabina, alone or in combination Diarrhea
Hand-foot syndrome
Myelosuppression
Trastuzumab Anti HER-2 monoclonal
antibody
In many Her2+ settings Cardiac toxicity (reversible)
T-DM1 Anti Her2 - Antibody-drug
conjugate
In many Her2+ settings Neuropathy
Thrombocytopenia
Cardiac toxicity
68. Drug MOA Included in Main toxicities
Tamoxifen Selective estrogen
receptor modulator
Anti estrogen for both premenopausal, and post
menopausal women
Hot flashes
Weight gain
Thromboembolic complications
Corpus uteri neoplasms
AI Anti-estrogen through
aromatase inhibition
Alone, or in combination (Anastrozol, Letrozol,
Exemestane)
Hot flashes
Joint pain
Osteoporosis
Dyslipidemia
Fulvestrant ER inactivator Alone, or in combination Hot flashes
Injection-site reaction
Cdk4/6
inhibitor
Cell-cycle inhibitor Alone (abemaciclib) In combination with AI or
Fulvestrant (ribociclib or palbociclib)
Neutropenia
Prolongued QT
Diarrhea, etc.