astronomical origins of life

1. Astronomical
origins of life
Done by : dalal farahat
Mariam alshuweihi

2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
- Introduction
- Objectives
1.1:How the basic elements of life were forged long ago in the universe
1.2:The chemical composition of the universe
:1.3: Earth formation from elements created in the universe
1.4: How elements came together to form life on earth
1.5:The role of four chemical elements of life
1.6:The link between our DNA and the Stars
2.1:urvival of microorganisms
2.2: Microorganisms in Extreme Environmental Conditions
2.3: ontribution to Astrobiology
- Conclusion
01: The Birth Of The Universe
02: Astrobiology

3. Introduction
Among all that excites our curiosity in this
existence, from the vastness of the sky to the
multitude of microscopic organisms, some of the
mysteries of the universe are simply beyond our
comprehension, but life itself remains the greatest
miracle of all time, and Science is able to tell us
today that the Universe is part of our life more
than we realize.

4. This main objective of our research is to study the journey of life, through time
and space and the specific objectives are:
 To understand the pathways and processes leading from the origin of
planetary bodies to the origin of life.
 To investigate the planetary and molecular processes that set the physical
and chemical conditions of life
 To understand the connection between the human body and the universe.
 To investigate whether microorganisms survive in space
Objectives :

5. 0.1: The birth Of The Universe
MERCURY
SATURN
MARS
NEPTUNE
JUPITER

6. 1.1: How the basic elements of life were
forged long ago in the universe:

7. 1.2:The chemical composition of the universe:
the Life cycle of a star (credit By
Cheryl Hellman, university of Arkansas
at little Rock)
The collision of two neutron stars, seen in an
artist's rendering, created both gravitational
waves and gamma rays.

8. the periodic table below shows the potential stellar environments
where elements form based on our current knowledge

9. 1.3: Earth formation from elements
created in the universe :
• Earth has an atmosphere that consists of 78%
nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases
• water surfaces consist of hydrogen and oxygen
• he solid crust consists of 62% oxygen, 22%
silicon,6.5% aluminum and bits of iron, calcium,
potassium, sodium
• The intermediate mantle contains mostly oxygen and
silicon and some iron, magnesium
• The inner core is a solid sphere made of iron and
nickel metals.

10. 1.4:How elements came together
to form life on earth:
• he earliest recorded traces of life on
Earth are thought to date back 4.2
billion years
• Carbon is the basis of all
biochemical compounds
• There are many natural factors that
helped to sustain life on Earth
• four elements common to all living
organisms are oxygen (O), carbon
(C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N)

11. 1.5:The role of four chemical elements of life:
carbon is essential to life and is
frequently found in the middle of a
complex chain of elements
1-Carbon :
is necessary because it bonds with
carbon quickly. Hydrogen's high
level of electronegativity allows it to
play this role.
2-Hydrogen :
it joins with more hydrogen atoms to
build complicated chains to produce
proteins and lipids. Additionally, water
contains oxygen
3-Oxygen :
nitrogen is crucial for both humans and
all organic life because, along with
carbon, it is a component of every
protein
4-Nitrogen:

12. 1.6: The link between our DNA and the Stars:
The structure of the DNA double helix. The atoms
in the structure are color-coded by element and
the detailed structures of two base pairs are
shown in the bottom right. (Credit: Wikipedia)
The elements in the human body. While, by mass, we are
mostly Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen, there are
dozens of elements essential to life processes in the
human body. Image credit: OpenStax college, Anatomy &
Physiology, Conexion's Web site.

13. 0.2 : Astrobiology

14. 2.1: Survival Of Microorganisms :
Over the last few decades, there have been major
changes in what scientists consider to be the
limits of the habitable environment. It has
been shown that many microorganisms not
only can tolerate extreme environmental
conditions, but often require these extreme
conditions to survive. Microbes can survive
hundreds of millions of years later.

15. 2.2: Microorganisms in Extreme
Environmental Conditions:
Piezofil
Alkaline
And acidophilic
fungus
Psychrophile:
Thermophiles
and
Hyperthermophiles

16. 2.3 : Contribution To Astrobiology
Currently, there is no direct evidence of life on another planet, so
the concept of habitability is inevitably constrained by
knowledge of life on Earth. So the question arises: is there an
environment on Earth similar to what we expect to find in other
worlds?
Today, based on the increased knowledge gained of the Earth's
extreme environment, many planets in our solar system appear
to have provided conditions suitable for the origin of life at
some point in their history. Among them, Mars and Europa are
two candidates that appear to be more vulnerable to sustaining
life.

17. •Mars as seen from orbit by NASA’s
Viking mission. (Image credit: NASA/JPL
Mars
Evidence suggests that Mars had an Earth-like environment and supports the
hypothesis that life may have prospered in the early days of Mars .But after the first
hundreds of millions of years, the environmental history of these two planets
diverged dramatically, and today the surface states of Mars are not life-friendly
Nevertheless, this extremely dry environment hosts a relatively large
community of intra-rock photosynthetic microorganisms in the evaporation
of rock salt crusts. Dry Valley in Antarctica is one of the coldest and driest
regions on the planet
Habitats within such rocks are thought to be on the edge of the polar ice
caps of Mars and are mostly composed of water ice. Recent studies
suggest that the dark dune patches on Mars, a transient geomorphological
formation of the frost-covered polar regions of Mars, may contain bioactivity.

18. The surface of Europa is a very hostile environment and is constantly exposed
to the strong radiation belt of Jupiter. However, this emission of ions, protons,
and electrons does not penetrate ice for more than about 5 feet. Therefore, life
can be found in regions of Europa protected from radiant flux,. In addition,
biological systems can live within the ice sheet, just as microorganisms do on
Earth. There may also be crevices or crevices protruding from the subglacial
bottom.
Europa

19. conclusion
2022
1950
Living material contains about twenty different sorts of atom combined into a set of
relatively simple molecules. Astrobiologists tend to believe that abiotic material will give rise
to life in any place where these molecules exist in appreciable However, it is worth pointing
out that, despite our current advances, we are just beginning to explore and characterize
microorganisms living in extreme environments. Most of the deep subterranean and sub-
ocean environments remain unknown, and just a few numbers of microbes have been
cultured and described. Therefore, for the coming decade, exciting discoveries in the
microbial world have the potential to make a great impact on our way of thinking about the
nature of life and thereby provide fundamental contributions to astrobiology.

20. Thank YOU