Veganism is the practice of abstaining from animal products and the philosophy that rejects using animals as commodities. Followers of veganism are known as vegans. In the 19th century, there were attempts to establish vegan communities in the United States and England. Amos Bronson Alcott opened the Temple School in Boston on strict vegetarian principles in 1834. In 1844, he also founded Fruitlands, a community in Harvard that opposed using animals for any purpose. In England in 1838, James Pierrepont Greaves opened Alcott House in Surrey, a community that followed a strict vegetarian diet. Members were involved in forming the British Vegetarian Society in 1847.