CRITICAL APRAISAL
Evaluation Table
Full APA formatted citation of selected article.
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
(Parker, Giles, Graham, Suthers, Watts, O’Brien, & Searles, 2017).
(Scanlon, 2017).
(Ferguson, 2018).
(Menegueti, et al, 2019)
Evidence Level *
(I, II, or III)
Level III
Level II
Level III
Level II
Conceptual Framework
Describe the theoretical basis for the study (If there is not one mentioned in the article, say that here).**
The basis for the study was to minimize IDC usage rates by minimizing improper urinary catheterization and duration of catheterization.
The basis for the study was to boost nurses’ knowledge on how to reduce NSUH ICU and NSLIJHS ICU CAUTI.
The basis for the study was to lower the cases of CAUTIs and enhance quality.
The basis for the study was to analyze the impact of adopting a HWCs educational program and checklist for indwelling urinary catheter indication among critical patients on the incidence of CAUTI.
Design/Method
Describe the design and how the study was carried out (In detail, including inclusion/exclusion criteria).
The study design used was multiple pre-post control interventions. In four acute care hospitals in Australia, the complex approach will be adopted and analyzed.
The data will be collected from all adult inpatient wards excluding operating rooms, emergency departments, and day-only wards.
The study design used to collect data is scorecards. The scorecards that were used include patient care services scorecard, unit-based scorecards, collaborative care, and council scorecard. The data will be collected from CAUTI ICU patients and CAUTI NON-ICU patients.
The design that was used is non-probability sampling. In this study, it was optional for the nurses to attend education training for CAUTI prevention. CAUTI patients that were at risk in a hospital setting were involved in the study.
The design that was used to collect data was a Quasi-experimental study. It was carried out in nine beds general intensive care public hospital in Southeast Brazil. An exclusion criterion was not indicated.
Sample/Setting
The number and characteristics of
patients, attrition rate, etc.
500 patients per district will be used in the study. Patients using indwelling catheters.
20 hospitals in the organization will be involved in the study. Both CAUTI ICU patients and CAUTI NON-ICU patients will be involved in the study.
The research entailed two units, a 393- bed acute care hospital and 59 nurses. CAUTI patients that were at risk in a hospital setting were preferred.
230-247 patients per month participated in the study. Both male and female patients in general public ICU wards were studied. The study was done in four phases.
Major Variables Studied
List and define dependent and independent variables
Dependent variables
Training nurses and other clinical experts
Adherence to BCC
Independent variables
Length of stay with IDC
Catheter usage rate
Dependent variables
Opport ...
CLASS DISCUSSIONS. Post a detailed response of 250 word
CRITICAL APRAISALEvaluation TableFull APA formatted
1. CRITICAL APRAISAL
Evaluation Table
Full APA formatted citation of selected article.
Article #1
Article #2
Article #3
Article #4
(Parker, Giles, Graham, Suthers, Watts, O’Brien, & Searles,
2017).
(Scanlon, 2017).
(Ferguson, 2018).
(Menegueti, et al, 2019)
Evidence Level *
(I, II, or III)
Level III
Level II
Level III
Level II
Conceptual Framework
Describe the theoretical basis for the study (If there is not one
mentioned in the article, say that here).**
The basis for the study was to minimize IDC usage rates by
minimizing improper urinary catheterization and duration of
2. catheterization.
The basis for the study was to boost nurses’ knowledge on how
to reduce NSUH ICU and NSLIJHS ICU CAUTI.
The basis for the study was to lower the cases of CAUTIs and
enhance quality.
The basis for the study was to analyze the impact of adopting a
HWCs educational program and checklist for indwelling urinary
catheter indication among critical patients on the incidence of
CAUTI.
Design/Method
Describe the design and how the study was carried out (In
detail, including inclusion/exclusion criteria).
The study design used was multiple pre-post control
interventions. In four acute care hospitals in Australia, the
complex approach will be adopted and analyzed.
The data will be collected from all adult inpatient wards
excluding operating rooms, emergency departments, and day-
only wards.
The study design used to collect data is scorecards. The
scorecards that were used include patient care services
scorecard, unit-based scorecards, collaborative care, and council
scorecard. The data will be collected from CAUTI ICU patients
and CAUTI NON-ICU patients.
The design that was used is non-probability sampling. In this
study, it was optional for the nurses to attend education training
for CAUTI prevention. CAUTI patients that were at risk in a
hospital setting were involved in the study.
The design that was used to collect data was a Quasi-
experimental study. It was carried out in nine beds general
intensive care public hospital in Southeast Brazil. An exclusion
3. criterion was not indicated.
Sample/Setting
The number and characteristics of
patients, attrition rate, etc.
500 patients per district will be used in the study. Patients using
indwelling catheters.
20 hospitals in the organization will be involved in the study.
Both CAUTI ICU patients and CAUTI NON-ICU patients will
be involved in the study.
The research entailed two units, a 393- bed acute care hospital
and 59 nurses. CAUTI patients that were at risk in a hospi tal
setting were preferred.
230-247 patients per month participated in the study. Both male
and female patients in general public ICU wards were studied.
The study was done in four phases.
Major Variables Studied
List and define dependent and independent variables
Dependent variables
Training nurses and other clinical experts
Adherence to BCC
Independent variables
Length of stay with IDC
Catheter usage rate
Dependent variables
Opportunities for improvement
Independent variables
CAUTI reduction processes.
Dependent variables
Education intervention
4. Independent variables
CAUTI rates
Catheter rates.
Dependent variables
HCWs education
Indwelling urinary indications
Independent variables
CAUTI incident rates
Urinary catheter utilization
Measurement
Identify primary statistics used to answer clinical questions
(You need to list the actual tests done).
A total number of 500 patients per Health district will be used
to detect a 40% fall (15-9%) in relative IDC insertion rates with
a power of 0.8 and alpha 0.05.
Adoption and implementation of the NSUH CAUTI reduction
processes and best practices selected in 20 hospitals in the
organization.
The statistics used to answer the clinical question are a 393- bed
acute care hospitals and 59 nurses. 120 patients with uri nary
catheters were admitted. The total number of catheter days and
CAUTI rates were compared.
230 to 247 patients were used to answer the clinical question.
The study was carried out in a 9-beds general ICU unit of a
tertiary-care-public affiliated hospital in southeast Brazil. The
study consisted in the implementation of the protocol insertion
and maintenance of indwelling urinary catheters.
Data Analysis Statistical or
Qualitative findings
(You need to enter the actual numbers determined by the
statistical tests or qualitative data).
Qualitative analysis
5. Patient safety will be improved through embracing and a solid
examination of clinical practice and practice transformation.
There was a decrease of about 50% in IDC insertion after the
interventions were adopted.
Descriptive statistics.
The direct cost of NSUH ICU CAUTI was reduced by 89%,
while NSLIJHS ICU CAUTI reduced by 81% after the
implementation of the intervention in 2015. Additionally, the
number of NSUH& NSLIJHS ICU Catheter days reduced by
58% and 56% consecutively.
Quantitative/descriptive statistics.
Total catheter days reduced by 10.1%, and CAUTI incidence
reduced by 74% after the education intervention.
Quantitative findings
The rate of urinary catheter utilization reduced from phase I to
Phase IV from 73.1%, 74.1%, 54.9%, and 45.6% respectively.
Findings and Recommendations
General findings and recommendations of the research
There are reduced research studies using a control design in
CAUTI intervention appraisals. More research should be done
to develop more interventions o reduce ICD use or CAUTI
rates.
The NSUH non-ICU units’ outcomes lagged slightly behind.
More resources should be allocated to improve their outcomes.
The urinary catheter days and CAUTI incidence rates reduced
after education intervention was implemented.
From the beginning of the study to the end the rate of CAUTI
were decreased from 14.9 to 1.1 episodes per one thousand
catheters-days.
Appraisal and Study Quality
6. Describe the general worth of this research to practice.
What are the strengths and limitations of study?
What are the risks associated with implementation of the
suggested practices or processes detailed in the research?
What is the feasibility of use in your practice?
This article is worthy because it addresses the clinical issue at
hand extensively.
It promotes scholarly interaction. Besides, it also provides
robust, valid, and most reliable results because two methods
were used.
Cost-effectiveness is the risks associated with its
implementation.
It is highly feasible in my practice.
The study is worthy because it provides data for three
consecutive years on reduction of CAUTI.
The scorecards used, provided different information from
different areas. However, a lot of resources were required in the
implementation of the interventions.
Economic risks
Loss of patient’s confidentiality and privacy
The information provided is appropriate for further testing.
The article is worthy and valuable because it had some level of
control, there were no randomization.
Its strength was evaluating nurse knowledge using pre-test and
post-test. Lack of randomization and gathering of a small
sample size is its limitation.
There are little and at times no harm to patients.
It is highly feasible in my practice.
This article is worthy because it uses Quasi-experimental
design.
7. The limitation of this study is that the aggregated data for
patient days and catheter days by month was the only data
present.
Loss of patient’s confidentiality and privacy is part of the ri sks
associated with implementation.
Further research can be done on the study. All participants were
exposed to the same EBHR formulation in each study period.
Key findings
There is limited interventional research that aims to decrease
IDC use or CAUTI rates in Australia.
The NSUH non-ICU units’ outcomes lagged slightly behind
After the implementation of education intervention and
evidence-based urinary protocol, there was a great decrease in
total catheter days and CAUTI rates.
Health Care Workers’ training and assessment of indwelling
urinary catheters indications on daily basis were successful in
the decrease of catheter utilization rates. In addition, it is
effective in reducing the incidence of CAUTI among critical
patients admitted to an intensive care unit.
Outcomes
The study will improve patient safety through embracing and a
solid examination of clinical practice and practice
transformation.
The resources used to implement NSUH CAUTI interventions
were highly reduced in 2015.
There was a great decrease in total catheter days and CAUTI
rates after the implementation of the education program.
There was a great reduction of indwelling catheter usage and
incidence density of CAUTI among critical patients admitted to
general ICU.
General Notes/Comments
8. The article provided robust evidence from both qualitative and
quantitative research. It will also add to the evidence-based
through improving comprehension of interventions to minimize
CAUTI.
Re-dosing education for nurses and other clinical staff enhances
reduction of CAUTI cases.
The research gives additional evidence proper education and
training of nurses and enhances quality of care for indwelling
urinary catheters and how to prevent CAUTIs.
The article is valuable because it showed that HWCs traini ng
and implementation of a daily checklist for reviewing the
indication of indwelling urinary catheters had a long-term
positive impact on reduction of the CAUTI rates in the general
ICU.
Part 3B: Critical Appraisal of Research- Best Practice based on
my appraisal
According to Menegueti, et al (2019), the health care
industry has been rapidly changing and more research have been
done to advance the field. CAUTI is an infection that a patient
can contract while in the hospital. About 75% of urinary tract
infections are related to the use of indwelling catheters
infection. Approximately 15-25 percent of hospitalized patients
receive urinary catheters during their hospital stay. They can
develop CAUTI due to prolonged use of the urinary catheter.
These kinds of CAUTIs price the particular private hospitals in
the USA around 400.00 zillions US dollars annually. (McNeill,
2017). The main objective of this discussion is to provide the
best evidence-based practices from the previously reviewed
research concerning the reduction of CAUTI in hospitalized
patients.
The best evidence-based practices for reducing CAUTI
infections among hospital patients with a urinary catheter is
HWCs training and implementation of a daily checklist for
reviewing the indication of indwelling urinary catheters. It has
9. been determined that satisfactory catheter care and attention in
addition to managing can certainly help reduce chances
regarding CAUTIs. (Gesmundo, 2016, l. 38). These evidence-
based practices provide a long-term positive impact on
reduction of CAUTI rates in the general ICU (Menegueti, et al,
2019).
Menegueti, et al (2019) also suggests that early removal
of indwelling catheters is the best approach to prevent CAUTI.
Training health caregivers to control infections by observing
hand hygiene will go a long way in preventing CAUTI
incidences for patients admitted in the ICU. The WHO-
modified EBHR formulation containing 0.5% glycerol will
enhance skin tolerance than the initial formulation. Besides, it
offers the best balance between skin tolerance and antimicrobial
efficacy. Constant nurse training will increase their knowledge
on how to prevent CAUTI incidences. They can also learn the
best practices to prevent CAUTI and mentor other health
caregivers.
References
Ferguson, A. (2018). Implementing a CAUTI Prevention
Program in an Acute Care Hospital Setting. Urologic Nursing,
38(6), 273–302. https://doi.org.ezp.waldenulibr
ary.org/10.7257/105 3- 816X.2018.38.6.27 3.
Gesmundo, Meters. (2016) Improving nurses’ understanding
upon catheter-associated urinary: system contamination
(CAUTI) avoidance. Kai Tiaki Medical Study, 7(1), 32-40.
McNeill, M. (2017). Back in principles: precisely how
evidence-based nursing jobs training can easily stop catheter-
associated urinary: system attacks. Urological Nursing jobs,
37(4), 204-206. doi: 15. 7257/1052- 816X. 2017. thirtyseven. 5.
204
Menegueti, M. G., Ciol, M. A., Bellissimo-Rodrigues, F.,
Auxiliadora-Martins, M., Gaspar, G. G., Canini, S. R. M. da S.,
11. 4
Discussion Week 9
Introduction
Evidence-based practice is essential in providing
quality care, promotes patient outcomes and quality of life.
Nurses should standardize the use of evidence-based practice to
maximize their performance. Evidence dissemination is vital
because it enhances nurse's awareness and enables them to
implement evidence-based practice.
Most Inclined Dissemination Strategies
The dissemination of evidence-based practice aims
to enhance and encourage the spread of information concerning
evidence-based interventions to improve patient outcomes
(Melnyk, & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). The first strategy that I
will utilize in disseminating evidence-based practice
information is user-friendly manuals and guidelines. Examples
of manuals and procedures include practice guidelines and
treatment manuals provided to all individuals in the
organization. I will create policies and manuals that are friendly
to the target group. Similarly, evidence-based treatment
manuals serve different purposes. The information contained in
different practice guidelines and manuals can be learned
quickly. Hence there is no need to use a lot of resources in
hiring experts to implement the programs.
The second strategy that will be used to disseminate evidence-
based practice is electronic poster presentation. Adapting the
use of electronic poster presentation is a way to utilize space
and is more economical "green" (Betz, Smith, Melnyk & Tessa,
2018). The electronic poster presentation is displayed on a large
computer screen. This type of dissemination can be instituted in
the entire health care facility on computers in different sections
that can reach wider onlookers. Using electronic poster
presentation is vital because it is economical and make use of
available space. It has been proved that electronic poster
presentation results in the effective dissemination of evidence -
based practice. My organization has recently inaugurated the
12. service of electronic poster presentations due to its
effectiveness.
Least Inclined Dissemination Strategy
The dissemination strategies that I would least incline to
are online modules and workshops. Online modules lack
feedback from the audience. For instance, the nurses are
assigned education modules and given a check box to tick yes or
no if they have read the modules. Additionally, the nurses can
mark the check box to indicate that they have read the
information while they haven't. In my opinion, the workshop's
effectiveness will depend in attendance and is limited to the
length of time of the workshop.
Barriers that may be Encountered
There are different barriers that I may encounter while utilizing
the dissemination strategies that I am most inclined to. I find
that electronic poster presentation lacks sufficient space for
information. Another barrier could be a lack of interest from the
medical staff. Most human beings are resistant to change that
needs to be adopted. Developing attractive and user-friendly
manuals should assist in getting the attention of the medical
staff.
Conclusion
In conclusion, all medical experts should always use evidence-
based practice to enhance patients' outcomes and quality of life.
Dissemination of evidence-based practice enhances and
encourages the spread of information concerning evidence-
based interventions to improve patients' outcomes. In addition,
the use of evidence-based practice interventions reduces
medical costs. The utilization of EBP to achieve the best
outcomes are linked to the performance of nurses, therefore,
enhancing and maximizing the nurse’s performance is crucial
(Gallagher-Ford, Buck, & Melnyk, 2018).
References
Betz, C. L., Smith, K. A., Melnyk, B. M., & Tassa, T. (2018).
13. Disseminating evidence through
presentations, publications, health policy briefs, and the media.
In B.
Gallagher-Ford, L., Buck, J. S., & Melnyk, B. M. (2018).
Leadership strategies for creating and
sustaining evidence-based practice organizations. In B.
M. Melnyk, & E. Fineout Overholt, Evidence (4th ed., pp. 328-
343). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based
practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th
ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.
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Reply # 1 Discussion Week 9
Hello Jewel,
I enjoyed reading your post.
Facilitate dissemination
In my opinion, publications in Peer-Reviewed journals
could be another tactic for disseminating EBP change to a wide
range of healthcare workers. This will also require the findings
for EBP to be seriously assessed and validated for easier
comprehensive implementation. Journals such as JAMA,
AAACN, AORN and AJMWH are some of the most reputable
journals that can be used to advance and disseminate knowledge
of EBP (Melnyk et al., 2017).
How to overcome barriers
I agree with the information you provided about poster
presentations. Poster presentation information is limited, and
the poster should appeal to the eye, which will end up being
costly in most cases. Presentations can indeed have a barrier,
such as a lack of feedback from the target audience (Birken et
al., 2017). However, using research studies and clinical
15. Facilitate dissemination
I like the way you discussed the strategies you would use
to disseminate EBP research. Meetings can indeed disseminate
evidence-based information since they don’t consume much
time for research (LoBiondo-Wood, Haber, & Titler, 2018).
Meetings will allow for provided information discussion,
questions, and clarifications.
How to overcome barriers
I like the information you provide about social media
since it is very detailed. The recent media revolution is the
fastest and one of the most efficient ways to get the right
message to a targeted audience. Lots of people expend
significant time on social media due to the past year's
improvement in technology. I will suggest ensuring that the
media used is a trusted and professional site to add credibility
to the information. Social media is also the right way of
disseminating current evidence-based research; a population
relies on the information obtained from cyberspace and the
online environment (Aarons, Moullin & Ehrhart, 2018). Most
nurses continue their education and have time-consuming jobs,
and social media could allow them to research the information
independently. Most nurses have computer literacy, and that
could help them comprehend the information better.
References
Aarons, G. A., Moullin, J. C., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2018). The role
of organizational processes in
Press. https://books.google.com/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=ycM9DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA121&dq=diss
eminating+an+EBP+re
search%5D%5C&ots=boK0MKE1fM&sig=TDkzq89F8HzO4fU3
VumAZ3KLKjk
16. LoBiondo-Wood, G., Haber, J., & Titler, M. G.
(2018). Evidence-Based Practice for Nursing and Healthcare
Quality Improvement-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
https://books.google.com/books?
hl=en&lr=&id=nklmDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=dissemi
nation+STRATEGIES +IN+EBP&ots=N-
0z9RH4gm&sig=z_A8PpQwJ5oSuLosas0guSRezLQ
Main Post Discussion 2-
The clinical question of interest on this assignment is how to
prevent hospital-acquired infections among hospitalized adults.
Hospital-acquired infections, also known as healthcare-
associated infections (HAI), are nosocomially acquired
infections that are typically not present or might be incubating
at the time of admission (Monegro, 2020). Nosocomial
infections are acquired after admission to the hospital, manifest
within 48 hours after hospitalization and include: catheter -
associated urinary tract infections, central line-associated
bloodstream infections, surgical site infections, ventilator-
associated pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, and
Clostridium difficile infections (Monegro, 2020).
The next step in the EBP process, searching for the evidence,
search for literature reveals body of evidence that can show best
practices we can use to solve clinical problems (Laureate,
2018).
For my search I choose CINAHL Plus and TRIP Database with
Full-Text databases to answer my PICOT question. I searched
keywords “hospitalization or inpatient”. From the search
options, I selected the following limiters: Boolean/Phrase, also
searched within the full text of the articles, Full text, Peer
17. reviewed Journals, English Language, Evidence-Based Practice,
All adult, Inpatients. The result was 1,593 articles, which was
not related to my topic of interest. I then searched key word
“CAUTI Prevention”, which narrowed down the result to 42
articles. This time the articles were more related to what I was
looking for but not heading to answering my PICOT question
yet. I then tried the combining approach and searched “CAUTI
Prevention” AND “Inpatient”, resulting in 19 articles that were
more relevant to my clinical question.
To find significant information about my clinical question I
choose keywords related to my PICOT question, searched
combined keywords, and set limits to further narrow the result.
It is good to note that using “or” instead of “and” is helpful for
it does not limit the results to items that have both keywords
used (Walden University Library, n.d.-a). While trying to use
specific keywords is important, using judgment and relationship
words should be avoided since they may exclude relevant
articles to the topics (Walden University Library, n.d.-b).
In my opinion exploring relevant articles to resolve clinical
issues is a skill that improves with practice.
I also noticed that combining the searches can generate
narrowed down number of articles more specific to the clinical
issue.
Reference
Laureate Education (Producer). (2018). The Value of Clinical
Inquiry [Video file]. Baltimore,
MD: Author.
Monegro, A. F. (2020, September 3). Hospital Acquired
Infections – Stat Pearls - NCBI
Bookshelf.
Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK441857/.
Walden University Library. (n.d.-a). Keyword Searching:
18. Finding articles on your topic: Boolean terms. Retrieved June
17, 2019, from
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/boolean
Walden University Library. (n.d.-b). Keyword Searching:
Finding articles on your topic: Select keywords. Retrieved June
17, 2019, from
http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/library/keyword/search-
strategy
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Response Posts:
Hi Josephine,
I found your work fascinating. Depression is one of the most
frequent mental illnesses affecting more than 350 million
individuals worldwide (Guo, Sun, Hu, Nicholas, & Wang,
2019). I have a lot of faith in cognitive behavioral therapy and
natural medicine as first line of treatment for Depression and
other Psychiatric conditions. I had been researching a lot lately
about adverse effects of psychiatrist medications. Studies
suggest that SSRIs may elicit or aggravate symptoms such as
anxiety and agitation during the first days or weeks of treatment
(Näslund, Hieronymus, Emilsson, Lisinski, Nilsson, & Eriksson,
2017). After I read your work, I felt curious about trying this
topic search on the school database. I found Psychology
Databases Combined Search and it works with other 4 databases
related to Psych: PsycARTICLES, PsycBOOKS, PsycEXTRA,
and PsycINFO Databases. I searched Depression Treatment. My
results from this search were 32,197 which is a considerable
amount to search through.
References
Guo, Y., Sun, J., Hu, S., Nicholas, S., & Wang, J. (2019).
Hospitalization Costs and Financial Burden on Families w ith
19. Children with Depression: A Cross-Section Study in Shandong
Province, China. International Journal Of Environmental
Research And Public
Health, 16(19). https://doi-
org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.3390/ijerph16193526
Näslund, J., Hieronymus, F., Emilsson, J. F., Lisinski, A.,
Nilsson, S., & Eriksson, E. (2017). Incidence of early anxiety
aggravation in trials of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in
depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 136(4), 343–351.
https://doi-org.ezp.waldenulibrary.org/10.1111/acps.12784
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Response Posts#2:
Hi Karena,
Exceptional your PICOT Post. Diabetes is a crucial issue in the
modern times. A PICOT method is outfitted for giving proof-
based solutions for such a problem and is normally intended to
identify precise search targets and points.
The PICOT approach will help distinguish Diabetes research
articles for research, talk about different outcomes, and show
the significance of articles in decision making.
Filters are a key to find and recognize an exceptional source for
creating proof-based rules fundamental in clinical. Finding
accurate data is dependent on the source of information
(Boswell and Cannon, 2018).
I also applied Boolean operators to narrow down my results.
The benefit of Boolean operators improves the findings of
searches, which in turn helps millions who surf the Web every
20. day (Papiewski, 2015).
References
Boswell, C., & Cannon, S. (2018). Introduction to nursing
research. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Papiewski, J. (2017, April 25). Advantages & disadvantages of
boolean logic. Sciencing. Retrieved June 26, 2020, from
https://sciencing.com/advantages-disadvantages- boolean-logic-
12115642.html