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1. What Is a Research
Methodology
In a research proposal

2. Research Proposal
Title page
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology/Research Design
Reference list

3. Research Proposal
A research proposal describes what you will
investigate, why it’s important, and how you will
conduct your research.

4. BUILDING A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH TYPE
WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE USED

5. BUILDING A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Introduction
Restate the problem
Use statistics, cause and effect, etc.,
Restate the hypothesis/research question

6. Restate the problem
Collazo, 2022
Rodriguez v. City of Los Angeles, 2011
“On a late evening in June 2009, Christian Rodriguez
visited his girlfriend’s house at Mar-Vista Gardens, a City of
Los Angeles Housing Project, with a CGI safety zone in
effect (Bell, 2016). “

7. Research Methodology section
 allows readers to evaluate the reliability and
validity of your research and your research proposal
 discusses what you plan to do and how you plan to
do it

8. Introduction - Restate the problem
Blood spatter analysis and its validity and reliability in
murder investigations has been a topic of extensive scrutiny
and debate within the forensic science community and the
legal system. However, concerns about the limitations,
precision, and subjectivity of blood spatter studies continue
to raise questions regarding its role and significance in the
criminal justice system despite its long-standing presence as
a forensic tool. Due to these controversies and challenges
surrounding the utilization of blood spatter analysis, there is
a need for investigation…

9. Introduction - Restate the problem
The issue at hand is the lack of proper security
measures taken by individuals when using
social media applications, leading to potential
risks and vulnerabilities in their online activities.
This challenge is significant as it impacts the
security and privacy of countless users,
emphasizing the need for increased awareness
and caution in the digital realm.

10. Introduction - Restate the problem
Looking at research, sex offenders have had consistent
recidivism rates over the past several decades. In a
study conducted in 2003, “nearly 4 out of every 10
(38.6 percent) sex offenders in the study were returned
to prison within 3 years” (Przybylski, 2015). More
long term studies were discussed in the article by
Przybyski which showed over time more and more
offenders committed new sex crimes or violent crimes,
even after 15 years of no offending

11. Introduction - Restate the hypothesis /
question
Collazo, 2021, p 2
“The following question guided this study: Do local citizens
believe communities are safer and more secure when civil gang
injunctions are used?
This project seeks to evaluate the importance of
education as a deterrent to juvenile gang
involvement.

12. Introduction - Restate the hypothesis /
question
What effect does daily use of Twitter
have on the perception of a young person’s
personal appearance?
 How do the US and the UK community
corrections for people who do not have high
school diplomas?

13. Introduction - Restate the hypothesis /
question
This research aims to investigate how criminal
justice programs and the justice system can lower
crime rates and hopefully abolish recidivism within
teens who have crimes
associated with social media.

14. What is your research type
 “This qualitative study determined how residents felt about CGIs
and their efficacy in fostering safer communities Merriam (2019)
describes Qualitative research focuses on obtaining the reasons,
motives, actions, and opinions to gain insight and allows researchers
to delve deeply into a topic.”
 Qualitative methods, such as voluntary tests, will be utilized to
identify whether an individual can be tricked into buying
information given to them through a social bot powered by
artificial intelligence.

15. What is your research type
 The purpose of this phenomenological study is to understand and discover
the efficacy of education on police misconduct for the citizens of Port
Isabel, Texas through the services received from the Port Isabel, Texas,
police department
 Using a t-test, linear regression, and ANOVA, this research will confirm that
bail reform had minimal (if any) influence on aggravated assault arrests in
Philadelphia.

16. What is your research type
 “It will aim to look at many factors of officer interactions through
surveys and personal statements.
 Qualitative methods like surveys and interviewing with a
college population will help us researchers understand the
low reporting rate for dating violence.

17. What is your research type
 The research design utilized in this study was a mixed method design.
 Bayesian modeling will support for the null hypotheses pertaining to the three
research questions. The qualitative section will utilize semi-structured
interviews with ten participants from the Texas Fraternal Order of Police and
the Combined Law Enforcement Associations of Texas.

18. What is your research type
By asking them questions that seeks to collect both
quantitative and qualitative data, questions such as “Have
you ever experienced being hurt by another inmate? If so,
how many times?” and “If you are currently participating
in a prison rehabilitation program, do you feel these
incidents have affected your progression in any way

19. WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
Who or what will you study (e.g., high school
students in New York; local newspaper archives
1976-80)?
How will you select your subjects (e.g., probability
sampling, non-probability sampling)?
When and where will you collect your data?

20. Probability and non-probability
 Probability sampling involves random selection, allowing you
to make strong statistical inferences about the whole group.
 Non-probability sampling involves non-random selection
based on convenience or other criteria, allowing you to easily
collect data

21. WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
 The 12 – 15 participants for this study will be chosen using a
purposeful sampling method from a pool of current instructors at police
training facilities or individuals who have served as an instructor at a facility
in the last five years.

22. WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
 This researcher conducted in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of
11 Ohio law enforcement officers with varied demographic backgrounds.
Following data collection and qualitative analysis….
 The sample population consisted of three groups: a test group (OMIS upon release
and later committed a crime), a positive control (OMIS upon release and later re-
imprisoned for noncriminal parole violations), and a negative control group
(offenders without mental illness upon discharge who later committed a crime).

23. WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
 Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique used to obtain the
sample. Data was collected using questionnaires through an online survey.
It is estimated that population will be approximately 200 user of Southern
California telecom system.
 Ten teachers from an Eastern Virginia school district will be selected to participate
in this study. Individuals with experience working with distressed students were
selected through purposive criterion and snowball sampling.

24. WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
 Cluster sampling is a probability sampling technique that will be used to
obtain the sample. Data will be collected using questionnaires through an
online survey.
 Community members from two Los County cities will be
chosen using a purposeful criterion and snowball sampling.
One-on-one semi-structured interviews will be used to
collect the data, and the current study will use reflective
memos in the data analysis.

25. WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
 By asking them questions that seeks to collect both quantitative and
qualitative data, questions such as “Have you ever experienced
being hurt by another inmate? If so, how many times?” and “If you
are currently participating in a prison rehabilitation program, do you
feel these incidents have affected your progression in any way

26. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Research methods are specific procedures for
collecting and analyzing data.
Developing your research methods is an integral part
of your research design.

27. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
When planning your methods, there are two key
decisions you will make.

28. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
First, decide how you will collect data. Your methods
depend on what type of data you need to answer
your research question:

29. First
Decide how you will collect data. Your methods
depend on what type of data you need to answer
your research question:

30. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Qualitative vs. quantitative: Will your data take the
form of words or numbers?
Primary vs. secondary: Will you collect original data
yourself, or will you use data that has already been
collected by someone else?
Descriptive vs. experimental: Will you take
measurements of something as it is, or will you
perform an experiment?

31. Second
Second, decide how you
will analyze the data.

32. Second
• For quantitative data, you can use
statistical analysis methods to test
relationships between variables.
• For qualitative data, you can use
methods such as thematic analysis to
interpret patterns and meanings in the
data.

33. Is it Qualitative ?
Qualitative
Can’t be analyzed statistically, and not generalizable to
broader populations.
Difficult to standardize research, at higher risk
for research bias.

34. Is it Quantitative?
• Requires statistical training to analyze data.
• Requires larger samples.

35. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
The purpose of this qualitative transcendental
phenomenological study was to explore the lessons learned by
educational leaders and teachers in the social emotional
development of K-12 students after the COVID-19 pandemic.

36. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
The researcher of this phenomenological qualitative multiple
case study aimed to examine how community trust between the
police and the community they serve is strengthened based on
the perspectives of college-aged African American males

37. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Descriptive analysis used relative frequency and standard
deviation, while quantitative analysis used binary logistic
regression.

38. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
What data collection tools and procedures will you
use (e.g., surveys, interviews, observational
studies, experiments)?
Why?

39. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
For the qualitative strand of research, semi-structured interviews
will be conducted followed by reviewing lesson plan artifacts.
Three research questions will address in this explanatory
sequential mixed methods design.

40. WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
The researcher will use three data analysis instruments in the
data collection process: questionnaire, semi-structured
interviews, and focus group. The questionnaire sample size is
drawn from the available population of KMOs, KMRs, and IMOs.

41. WHY ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Semistructured interviews are an effective method
for data collection when the researcher wants: (1) to
collect qualitative, open-ended data; (2) to explore
participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a
particular topic; and (3) to delve deeply into personal
and sometimes sensitive issues.

42. WHY ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Qualitative research can help researchers to access
the thoughts and feelings of research participants,
which can enable development of an understanding of
the meaning that people ascribe to their experiences.

43. WHY ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Semistructured interviews are an effective method
for data collection when the researcher wants: (1) to
collect qualitative, open-ended data; (2) to explore
participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a
particular topic; and (3) to delve deeply into personal
and sometimes sensitive issues.

44. WHY ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Surveys are great for conducting qualitative research
because they are able to pull in such profound and
diverse feedback from respondents. They can even
make researchers aware of insights they had not
previously considered as a possibility!

45. WHY ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE
USED
Researchers use quantitative methods to observe
situations or events that affect people. Quantitative
research produces objective data that can be clearly
communicated through statistics and numbers.

46. The Research Proposal Section must
include
• The type of research you conducted
• How you collected and analyzed your data
• Any tools, methods or materials you used in the
research
• How you mitigated or avoided research biases
• Why you chose these methods

47. BUILDING A RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH TYPE
WHO ARE THE POPULATION AND SAMPLE
WHAT ARE THE RESEARCH METHODS TO BE USED

48. Rubric
 https://csufullerton.instructure.com/courses/3407083/assignments/36050329#