This document discusses the utilization of visual effects in Hollywood horror movies from early cinema to modern times. It outlines how visual effects have been used to create illusions and scary creatures, from basic camera tricks in early films to complex CGI techniques today. Some examples discussed include the exorcist using practical effects for the head-spinning scene and CGI later for the spider walk. Modern films like The Conjuring and Hollow Man used CGI extensively to create demonic creatures and make actors invisible. While early films relied on practical effects, today visual effects artists seamlessly blend practical and digital effects to bring directors' visions to life.

1. Utilization of Visual Effects in Horror Movies
of Hollywood
Horror Movies give us shocks and brings out our worst fears.
Horror movies are as popular as other Genre films among the audience.
Hollywood Horror Movies are about Ghosts, Vampires, Witches, Evil Spirits etc and to make
these horrible creature realistic Visual Effects plays an important role in Hollywood
Industry.
From the earlier days, films used Visual effects to produce illusions and tricks that have
startled audiences over the years.
At the beginning of cinema, the Father of special effects, George Méliès successfully created
‘tricks’ within his films like ‘The Haunted Castle’, ‘A Terrible Night’ etc.
Méliès used his camera to produce haunting effects.
In early films mainly camera was used to create effects such as simple jump-cuts or
superimpositions; after that optical effects came such as dissolves, wipes, skip frame, blow
ups, double exposures etc.

2. Some of the Classic Horror movies of 1960s are ‘Psycho’, ‘The Birds’, ‘The Innocents’, ‘The
Haunting’ etc without the influence of Computer.
Modern techniques like Cel animation, scale modeling, claymation, digital composition,
animatronics, prosthetic makeup, morphing and computer-generated Imagery are used
widely for creating amazing visual special effects.
Some of the best VFX used Hollywood Horror movies are ‘The Conjuring’, The Ring’, ‘Alien’,
‘Sinister’, ‘The Fly’ and the list goes on.

3. One of the early 1970s film ’The Exorcist’ directed by William Friedkin, is the first horror
film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Many publications regarded it as ‘one of the greatest horror films of all time’.
The filmmaker used practical effects like a rubber dummy of Linda Blair was used when
Regan’s head twisted 360 degree which looked real due to lighting on set, a hidden tube was
attached to Linda Blair’s chin that shot out the thick green slime for the vomiting scene.
Dick Smith was the makeup artist in this film.
The most horrible scene of Regan’s spider walk down the stairs of the MacNeil home was
created with the help of wires but later wires were erased with the help of CGI.
The Horror filmmaker James Wan made ‘The Conjuring’ (2013) and ‘The Conjuring
2’(2016). In ‘The Conjuring’ film VFX artist Juan Vargas created computer generate Chair
(which moves of its own), Glass and Crucifix. VFX artist David Ridlen created CGI sheet, bird
and necklace.
The scene of Lorraine’s visions; shot completely in front of green screens and the special CGI
effects were added with VFX in the post-production stage.
The demon Valak was produced by visual effects. CGI helped to show demon coming out of
portrait and flying.

4. Paul Verhoeven’s Science fiction horror film ‘Hollow Man’ was nominated for Academy
Award for Best Visual Effects in 2001.
Actor Kevin Bacon was digitally removed from the footage to capture the effect of
invisible Sebastian.
Motion Capture technique was widely used in the film.
Visual effects Supervisor Craig Hayes replaced actor Kevin Bacon with a digital clone to
form an outline of his performance.
Every body parts of Kevin Bacon were scanned to make the clone more like Bacon.
The crew used Volume-rendering software to replicate inside of Bacon’s body.
Special effects supervisor Scott Anderson created three-dimensional digital model of the
inside of Bacon’s body to create the ‘transformation scene’ where Sebastian becomes
invisible.

5. Special effect of the ghost appearing and disappearing in the film ‘Lights Out’ (2016)
was done by using a split-screen technique.
The filmmaker took the shot with Diana and without Diana, the Director simply turned
the camera on with Diana and turned it off and she walked off and again he turned the
camera on.
The director of the film David F. Sandberg utilised different forms of light sources from
flashlights to cell phones and gunfire.
In the film when Diana appears in Rebecca’s room, the crew replaced passing car
headlights with the flashing neon sign in the post-production stage.
Another commercially successful film is ‘Poltergeist’ made in 1982.
It received BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects.

6. The sequence of ‘Flying Objects’ took nine month for optical department to get right.
The crew worked on wide range of tonalities for the background.
There was a closet in the film which had all the glowing blue spectral light and to get
that effect, technicians used strobes lights, Las Vegas spotlight, smoke machines, four
large wind machines and fish tanks were put in front of the beams to give the light a
ghostly presence.
At the time of the film ‘Poltergeist’ CGI (Computer generated Imagery) was not much in
use, the technicians had to depend on the props and physical effects.
A 6-foot model home was constructed for the end shot of destruction.
The FX crew decided to put thick cables through the model and to simply pull it into a
funnel attached to a high powered vacuum.
FX members worked for extra two month to make the effect perfect after the model
destruction shot was completed.
Industrial Light and Magic (ILM) worked on VFX of this film.

7. Kevin Mack, Visual effects supervisor of the film ‘Ghost Rider’ (2007) and Visual effects
team at Sony Pictures Image-works handled the difficult task of creating Computer-
generated fire on a shot-by-shot basis.
Directed by Mark Steven Johnson, this film is based on Marvel Comics character.
VFX team designed the skull flame smaller and blue to display emotion not fury.
Kevin’s team also created computer-generated motorcycles, chains, water, dementors
and buildings.
There were 800 Visual effects shots.
The film had lot of fire and smoke effects created by Australia’s Iloura, the main VFX
house of the film.
Iloura’s VFX supervisor Glen Melenhorst worked on 450 visual effects shots of which 30
percent were fire related.
VFX team at Iloura used Autodesk’s Maya for modelling and animation and then
switched to Autodesk 3DS Max where they used Max plug-in FumeFX from Sitni Sati to
create the fire and to convey emotion.
For compositing The Foundry’s Nuke was used.
From mid 1990s, the power of Computer generated Imagery allowed filmmakers to
create new creatures, new world and more scares.
The best visual effects can be achieved by using both practical and digital effects.
Today, CG tools are used more as an ‘enhancement’ to the existing live action.
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