In this project, you will be expected to do a comprehensive literature search and survey, select
and study a specific topic in one subject area of data mining and its applications in business
intelligence and analytics (BIA), and write a research paper on the selected topic by yourself.
The research paper you are required to write can be a detailed comprehensive study on some
specific topic or the original research work that will have been done by yourself.
Requirements and Instructions for the Research Paper:
1. The objective of the paper should be very clear about subject, scope, domain, and the
goals to be achieved.
2. The paper should address the important advanced and critical issues in a specific area of
data mining and its applications in business intelligence and analytics. Your research
paper should emphasize not only breadth of coverage, but also depth of coverage in the
specific area.
3. The research paper should give the measurable conclusions and future research directions
(this is your contribution).
4. It might be beneficial to review or browse through about 15 to 20 relevant
technical articles before you make decision on the topic of the research project.
5. The research paper can be:
a. Literature review papers on data mining techniques and their applications for
business intelligence and analytics.
b. Study and examination of data mining techniques in depth with technical details.
c. Applied research that applies a data mining method to solve a real world
application in terms of the domain of BIA.
6. The research paper should reflect the quality at certain academic research level.
7. The paper should be about at least 3000-3500 words double space.
8. The paper should include adequate abstraction or introduction, and reference list.
9. Please write the paper in your words and statements, and please give the names of
references, citations, and resources of reference materials if you want to use the statements
from other reference articles.
10. From the systematic study point of view, you may want to read a list of technical papers
from relevant magazines, journals, conference proceedings and theses in the area of the topic
you choose.
11. For the format and style of your research paper, please make reference to CEC
Dissertation Guide (http://cec.nova.edu/doctoral/documents/nsu-cec-dissertation-
guides.html), Publication Manual of APA, or the format of ACM and IEEE journal
publications.
12. For the title page, please include course number, course name, term/date, your
name, contact information such as email and phone number.
Suggested and Possible Topics for Written Report (But Not Limited)
Supervised Learning Methods:
Classification Methods:
Regression Methods
Multiple Linear Regression
Logistic Regression
Ordered Logistic and Ordered Probit Regression Models
Multinomial Logis ...
In this module, we examined crimes against persons, crimes against p.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module, we examined crimes against persons, crimes against property, and white-collar crimes. These crimes are all treated differently by the legislature as well as the media. These differences are a reflection of how society views them. As you consider these differences, you should also consider how these differences have evolved over time.
Tasks:
Prepare a 3- to 5-page report that describes all of the following points:
The differences in the treatment of each type of crime by the legislature. Explore the different crime levels (misdemeanor
vs.
felony) and different punishments.
The differences in the descriptions utilized by the media. How does the media depict the different types of criminals? Have there been any changes?
The differences in the theoretical applications for these types of crimes. How do the theories differentiate between these types of criminal behavior?
Submission Details:
.
In this module, we explore how sexual identity impacts the nature of.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module, we explore how sexual identity impacts the nature of friendship for all of us. With the legalization of gay marriages and rise of alternative unions, as well as the sociocultural prevalence of much wider acceptance of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer identity definitions in society, we are witnessing expanded definitions, beliefs, and values regarding sexual self-identity and the dynamics of friendship.
Philosopher Michael Foucault argues that we have an opportunity to expand our understanding of friendship, beyond the state of the current realm, where our connections remain quite limited: “Society and the institutions which frame it have limited the possibility of relationships (to marriage) because a rich, relational world would be very complex to manage” (p. 207).
Your initial post should be at least 250 words and must provide a minimum of one cited reference in APA style. For assistance with APA style formatting, visit the
Library
or the
Excelsior OWL
.
Please answer one of the following:
How do you perceive changes in social stereotypes, issues, and judgments regarding sexualities as potentially impacting changes in friendship, in the relationships, cultural expressions, and understandings of friendships?
Do you think that the social expansion of acceptance of "LGBTQ" identities and relationships has an impact upon the dynamics of friendship generally in the society?
Do you think that this has changed your own perspective?
.
In this module, we have studied Cultural Imperialism and Americaniza.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module, we have studied Cultural Imperialism and Americanization. For this essay, you will address how Disney might be considered as a leading force of US imperialism. Do you agree with this concept? Why or why not? Give examples. This paper should be 2 pages, in APA style, 2-3 scholarly article as a minimum should be included in your essay.
.
In this Reflection Activity, you will be asked to think and write ab.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this Reflection Activity, you will be asked to think and write about an important issue or theme from the chapter. Your response will be submitted directly to the instructor, rather than shared with the class. First, read the prompt below. Then, respond to the question(s) asked at the bottom of the activity. Follow your instructor’s guidelines in terms of word count and content.
The most visible manifestation of the Renaissance comes from artistic genius and innovation, but the defining feature of the period is an outlook or worldview called humanism. Both of these developed in a particular set of circumstances, a unique historical context that characterized the northern Italian city-states and that we call the Renaissance. Their dominance of Mediterranean trade made these Italian cities into prosperous commercial centers where powerful merchants displaced the old landed aristocracy in positions of power and influence. The resulting social structure bore little resemblance to the traditional ordered society of the Middle Ages. Another point of uniqueness was Italian cities’ relatively independent political development that led first to republican forms and then to despotism. In the process, they laid the foundations for modern political thought.
Of these two sets of circumstances, the political and the economic, which do you think was most important in creating an environment ripe for the Renaissance to flourish? Why?
.
In this lab, you will observe the time progression of industrializat.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this lab, you will observe the time progression of industrialization and human development to help you write up a scientific paper that centers on the following:
If current human development does not change, will groundwater sustainability be affected? Explain your observations.
Human Impacts on the Sustainability of Groundwater
Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that is needed for survival and well-being depends either directly or indirectly on the natural environment. Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, while also helping to fulfill the social and economic requirements of present and future generations.
Part 1
:
Background Information
Planet Earth’s surface is over 70% water, but less than 1% of the water on Earth is considered accessible, usable freshwater for sustaining humans’ and other organisms’ lives. Of the accessible freshwater, approximately 99% is located in aquifers, natural underground water chambers, and other groundwater sources. Unfortunately, humans are depleting the aquifers faster than they can be recharged by the hydrological cycle. Therefore, three quarters of groundwater is considered nonrenewable.
Conditions
The main reason we using groundwater resources mainly for drinking and irrigation. As a result, this not only decreases an important source of freshwater—it also can cause pollution of that groundwater by saltwater intrusion. The recharge rate of groundwater is further hindered by land clearing and deforestation caused by human development. When land is cleared for human development, more flooding occurs, the
transpiration rate
(the amount of water that evaporates into the atmosphere from plants) is reduced, and rainwater is inhibited from adequately
percolating
(penetrating the soil) into the ground to allow for aquifers and groundwater to be recharged.
Figure below shows Saltwater Intrusion
:
(Wright & Boorse, 2010)
Impacts
Forty percent of the world’s food is produced via irrigation. As a result, if the current rate of groundwater usage continues, food production could be drastically reduced worldwide. This reduction in food supply would be detrimental in sustaining the projected worldwide human population of over 10 billion within the next 50 years.
Part 2:
Timeline
Use the Hydrologic Cycle Figure below to understand the impact of industrialization and human development on ground water over 3 centuries.
(Wright & Boorse, 2010)
The table below shows the impacts
:
Reference
:
Wright, R. T., & Boorse, D. F. (2010).
Environmental science: Toward a sustainable future
. (11th ed.) White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley.
.
In this module we have discussed an organizations design and how it.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module we have discussed an organization's design and how it lays out the foundation for an organization to operate. An important part of an organization's design is its structures and roles.
Write a 1-2 page paper analyzing an organization's structure and roles and cover the following:
Write a 1 paragraph introduction to briefly explain an organization's structure and roles
Discuss the importance of having an organizational structure.
Explain the importance of roles within an organization.
Provide 2 resources.
.
In this lab, you will gather data about CO2 emissions using the .docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this lab, you will gather data about CO
2
emissions using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site (Earth System Research Laboratory, n.d.) to help you write up a scientific report centered around known phenomena of CO
2
emissions, related to the following question:
Would you expect to see an increase or decrease in CO
2
emissions in the data over the past 40 years? Why?
Part 1
:
Introduction
The natural balance that occurs between global atmospheric cooling and warming processes provides an important contribution to the Earth’s varied climates.
Troposphere gases
Planetary albedo from clouds low in the troposphere, sulfur dioxide (SO
2
) from active volcanoes, snow, and ice all reflect incoming solar radiation back into space. This causes a
cooling
effect on climates within a geographical area.
Clouds
high
in the troposphere and greenhouse gases such as water vapor(H
2
O), carbon dioxide (CO
2
) , methane (CH
4
) , and nitrous oxide (N
2
O) have a
warming
effect.
Along with the solar activity, these cooling and warming processes help ensure that the planet’s average surface temperature is a net value that is above freezing, helping to ensure that life is possible.
Theory on CO
2
Emissions
It has been hypothesized that anthropogenic effects (conditions caused by human activity) that are associated with industry, agriculture, and fossil fuel use have enhanced these warming processes by contributing greenhouse gases such as N
2
O, CH
4
,and CO
2
into the troposphere. As a result, CO
2
is believed to contribute the most to the atmospheric warming process.
Pollution
Pollution
is a substance that produces a detrimental change in the environment because of its composition and abundance. Anthropogenic sources of CO
2
fit this description because of the perception that there is evidence of a positive correlation between the increases in anthropogenic CO
2
and increases in temperature. In turn, as temperatures increase, climates can change worldwide, unbalancing ecosystems across the globe.
Strategies
Strategies and prediction models can be used to decrease or eliminate the effects that are associated with a particular pollutant. First, the cause of the pollution must be identified. Then, scientists can create innovate ways to reduce or eliminate its production.
Part 2:
Earth System Research Laboratory
Click on the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division Website.
or
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/
(Earth System Research Laboratory, n.d.). Here you will identify important sources of CO
2
emission to help you complete your lab assignment.
Reference
Earth system research laboratory: Global monitoring division
. (n.d.). Retrieved from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Research Web site: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop//
.
In this five-page essay, your task is to consider how Enlightenment .docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this five-page essay, your task is to consider how Enlightenment philosophes sought change in their societies. Select a theme from Voltaire's Candide (for example, religion, government, slavery, marriage, patriarchy, etc.) and explain how Voltaire satirizes it as a way of calling for reform. Contextualize Voltaire's argument by incorporating one or two articles from the Encyclopedie, which you can find here:
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/
Your bibliography should include two or three sources: Voltaire's novel and one or two Encyclopedie articles. About five double-spaced pages, Due on 02/21/2017
.
In this module, we examined crimes against persons, crimes against p.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module, we examined crimes against persons, crimes against property, and white-collar crimes. These crimes are all treated differently by the legislature as well as the media. These differences are a reflection of how society views them. As you consider these differences, you should also consider how these differences have evolved over time.
Tasks:
Prepare a 3- to 5-page report that describes all of the following points:
The differences in the treatment of each type of crime by the legislature. Explore the different crime levels (misdemeanor
vs.
felony) and different punishments.
The differences in the descriptions utilized by the media. How does the media depict the different types of criminals? Have there been any changes?
The differences in the theoretical applications for these types of crimes. How do the theories differentiate between these types of criminal behavior?
Submission Details:
.
In this module, we explore how sexual identity impacts the nature of.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module, we explore how sexual identity impacts the nature of friendship for all of us. With the legalization of gay marriages and rise of alternative unions, as well as the sociocultural prevalence of much wider acceptance of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer identity definitions in society, we are witnessing expanded definitions, beliefs, and values regarding sexual self-identity and the dynamics of friendship.
Philosopher Michael Foucault argues that we have an opportunity to expand our understanding of friendship, beyond the state of the current realm, where our connections remain quite limited: “Society and the institutions which frame it have limited the possibility of relationships (to marriage) because a rich, relational world would be very complex to manage” (p. 207).
Your initial post should be at least 250 words and must provide a minimum of one cited reference in APA style. For assistance with APA style formatting, visit the
Library
or the
Excelsior OWL
.
Please answer one of the following:
How do you perceive changes in social stereotypes, issues, and judgments regarding sexualities as potentially impacting changes in friendship, in the relationships, cultural expressions, and understandings of friendships?
Do you think that the social expansion of acceptance of "LGBTQ" identities and relationships has an impact upon the dynamics of friendship generally in the society?
Do you think that this has changed your own perspective?
.
In this module, we have studied Cultural Imperialism and Americaniza.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module, we have studied Cultural Imperialism and Americanization. For this essay, you will address how Disney might be considered as a leading force of US imperialism. Do you agree with this concept? Why or why not? Give examples. This paper should be 2 pages, in APA style, 2-3 scholarly article as a minimum should be included in your essay.
.
In this Reflection Activity, you will be asked to think and write ab.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this Reflection Activity, you will be asked to think and write about an important issue or theme from the chapter. Your response will be submitted directly to the instructor, rather than shared with the class. First, read the prompt below. Then, respond to the question(s) asked at the bottom of the activity. Follow your instructor’s guidelines in terms of word count and content.
The most visible manifestation of the Renaissance comes from artistic genius and innovation, but the defining feature of the period is an outlook or worldview called humanism. Both of these developed in a particular set of circumstances, a unique historical context that characterized the northern Italian city-states and that we call the Renaissance. Their dominance of Mediterranean trade made these Italian cities into prosperous commercial centers where powerful merchants displaced the old landed aristocracy in positions of power and influence. The resulting social structure bore little resemblance to the traditional ordered society of the Middle Ages. Another point of uniqueness was Italian cities’ relatively independent political development that led first to republican forms and then to despotism. In the process, they laid the foundations for modern political thought.
Of these two sets of circumstances, the political and the economic, which do you think was most important in creating an environment ripe for the Renaissance to flourish? Why?
.
In this lab, you will observe the time progression of industrializat.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this lab, you will observe the time progression of industrialization and human development to help you write up a scientific paper that centers on the following:
If current human development does not change, will groundwater sustainability be affected? Explain your observations.
Human Impacts on the Sustainability of Groundwater
Sustainability is based on a simple principle: Everything that is needed for survival and well-being depends either directly or indirectly on the natural environment. Sustainability creates and maintains the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony, while also helping to fulfill the social and economic requirements of present and future generations.
Part 1
:
Background Information
Planet Earth’s surface is over 70% water, but less than 1% of the water on Earth is considered accessible, usable freshwater for sustaining humans’ and other organisms’ lives. Of the accessible freshwater, approximately 99% is located in aquifers, natural underground water chambers, and other groundwater sources. Unfortunately, humans are depleting the aquifers faster than they can be recharged by the hydrological cycle. Therefore, three quarters of groundwater is considered nonrenewable.
Conditions
The main reason we using groundwater resources mainly for drinking and irrigation. As a result, this not only decreases an important source of freshwater—it also can cause pollution of that groundwater by saltwater intrusion. The recharge rate of groundwater is further hindered by land clearing and deforestation caused by human development. When land is cleared for human development, more flooding occurs, the
transpiration rate
(the amount of water that evaporates into the atmosphere from plants) is reduced, and rainwater is inhibited from adequately
percolating
(penetrating the soil) into the ground to allow for aquifers and groundwater to be recharged.
Figure below shows Saltwater Intrusion
:
(Wright & Boorse, 2010)
Impacts
Forty percent of the world’s food is produced via irrigation. As a result, if the current rate of groundwater usage continues, food production could be drastically reduced worldwide. This reduction in food supply would be detrimental in sustaining the projected worldwide human population of over 10 billion within the next 50 years.
Part 2:
Timeline
Use the Hydrologic Cycle Figure below to understand the impact of industrialization and human development on ground water over 3 centuries.
(Wright & Boorse, 2010)
The table below shows the impacts
:
Reference
:
Wright, R. T., & Boorse, D. F. (2010).
Environmental science: Toward a sustainable future
. (11th ed.) White Plains, NY: Addison Wesley.
.
In this module we have discussed an organizations design and how it.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this module we have discussed an organization's design and how it lays out the foundation for an organization to operate. An important part of an organization's design is its structures and roles.
Write a 1-2 page paper analyzing an organization's structure and roles and cover the following:
Write a 1 paragraph introduction to briefly explain an organization's structure and roles
Discuss the importance of having an organizational structure.
Explain the importance of roles within an organization.
Provide 2 resources.
.
In this lab, you will gather data about CO2 emissions using the .docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this lab, you will gather data about CO
2
emissions using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Web site (Earth System Research Laboratory, n.d.) to help you write up a scientific report centered around known phenomena of CO
2
emissions, related to the following question:
Would you expect to see an increase or decrease in CO
2
emissions in the data over the past 40 years? Why?
Part 1
:
Introduction
The natural balance that occurs between global atmospheric cooling and warming processes provides an important contribution to the Earth’s varied climates.
Troposphere gases
Planetary albedo from clouds low in the troposphere, sulfur dioxide (SO
2
) from active volcanoes, snow, and ice all reflect incoming solar radiation back into space. This causes a
cooling
effect on climates within a geographical area.
Clouds
high
in the troposphere and greenhouse gases such as water vapor(H
2
O), carbon dioxide (CO
2
) , methane (CH
4
) , and nitrous oxide (N
2
O) have a
warming
effect.
Along with the solar activity, these cooling and warming processes help ensure that the planet’s average surface temperature is a net value that is above freezing, helping to ensure that life is possible.
Theory on CO
2
Emissions
It has been hypothesized that anthropogenic effects (conditions caused by human activity) that are associated with industry, agriculture, and fossil fuel use have enhanced these warming processes by contributing greenhouse gases such as N
2
O, CH
4
,and CO
2
into the troposphere. As a result, CO
2
is believed to contribute the most to the atmospheric warming process.
Pollution
Pollution
is a substance that produces a detrimental change in the environment because of its composition and abundance. Anthropogenic sources of CO
2
fit this description because of the perception that there is evidence of a positive correlation between the increases in anthropogenic CO
2
and increases in temperature. In turn, as temperatures increase, climates can change worldwide, unbalancing ecosystems across the globe.
Strategies
Strategies and prediction models can be used to decrease or eliminate the effects that are associated with a particular pollutant. First, the cause of the pollution must be identified. Then, scientists can create innovate ways to reduce or eliminate its production.
Part 2:
Earth System Research Laboratory
Click on the
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division Website.
or
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop/
(Earth System Research Laboratory, n.d.). Here you will identify important sources of CO
2
emission to help you complete your lab assignment.
Reference
Earth system research laboratory: Global monitoring division
. (n.d.). Retrieved from the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Research Web site: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/obop//
.
In this five-page essay, your task is to consider how Enlightenment .docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this five-page essay, your task is to consider how Enlightenment philosophes sought change in their societies. Select a theme from Voltaire's Candide (for example, religion, government, slavery, marriage, patriarchy, etc.) and explain how Voltaire satirizes it as a way of calling for reform. Contextualize Voltaire's argument by incorporating one or two articles from the Encyclopedie, which you can find here:
https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/
Your bibliography should include two or three sources: Voltaire's novel and one or two Encyclopedie articles. About five double-spaced pages, Due on 02/21/2017
.
In this reflection, introduce your professor to your project. Speak .docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this reflection, introduce your professor to your project. Speak about the pro and con sides of the controversy, and present your thesis statement. Then, consider some of the following questions as you reflect upon the road so far. If you want to, explain a little bit about your process. What have you experienced so far in writing your paper? Was it difficult or fairly easy to come up with your design? Do you feel confident about your progress so far? How do you feel about your thesis statement? What would you like to do in revisions? What step seems the most difficult or the easiest for you?
Your response should be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.
.
In this discussion, please address the followingDiscuss how oft.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this discussion, please address the following:
Discuss how often a project schedule should be reviewed.
Should a project schedule only be reviewed by the project manager and project management team?
Identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages to creating a project schedule.
.
In this course, we have introduced and assessed many noteworthy figu.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this course, we have introduced and assessed many noteworthy figures related to the colonizing and first 90 years of the United States. For this assignment, you will choose a significant figure who contributed to and influenced others during the time discussed in this course—with the exception of any U.S. President—and prepare a tribute focusing on his or her relevance to today. This is not a biography. Your argument should highlight how society remembers your historical figure now, based on the philosophies and ideals he or she presented or helped to change and evolve.
The style of this project is a multimedia presentation with both audio and video components; however, the medium used is up to you. Potential examples include, but are not limited to, a videotaped speech, a self-guided PowerPoint presentation, or a video with audio. Creativity and effort will impact the final grade.
Projects are due during Unit VII and will be graded on the following:
Prepare and submit a two-page reflection, ideally based on the outline assignment from Unit VI.
Create and submit a visual presentation with your reflection as an audio transcript.
Use a minimum two sources that can be found in CSU’s Online Library (at least one from the American History & Life database).
Proper citations and references for any use or identification of those sources must be used.
Length must fall within three to five minutes; in the case of PowerPoint, slides and audio should progress and stop automatically like a taped presentation.
Content accuracy and avoidance of anachronism are a must.
.
In this Assignment, you will focus on Adaptive Leadership from a.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this Assignment, you will focus on Adaptive Leadership from a global perspective. When approaching this Assignment, do so from an international and global view
PLEASE SEE ATTACHED RUBRIC AND FOLLOW AS DIRECTED
NOTE THE PROGRAM : TURNITIN WILL BE USED TO DETECT A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF ORGINALITY
.
Inferential Analysis
Chapter 20
NUR 6812Nursing Research
Florida National University
Introduction - Inferential Analysis
We will discuss analysis of variance and regression, which are technically part of the same family of statistics known as the general linear method but are used to achieve different analytical goals
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used so often that Iversen and Norpoth (1987) said they once had a student who thought this was the name of an Italian statistician.
You can think of analysis of variance as a whole family of procedures beginning with the simple and frequently used t-test and becoming quite complicated with the use of multiple dependent variables (MANOVA, to be explained later in this chapter) and covariates.
Although the simpler varieties of these statistics can actually be calculated by hand, it is assumed that you will use a statistical software package for your calculations.
If you want to see how these calculations are done, you could try to compute a correlation, chi-square, t-test, or ANOVA yourself (see Yuker, 1958; Field, 2009), but in general it is too time consuming and too subject to human error to do these by hand.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
Several terms are used in these analyses that you need to be familiar with to understand the analyses themselves and the results. Many will already be familiar to you.
Statistical significance: This indicates the probability that the differences found are a result of error, not the treatment. Stated in terms of the P value, the convention is to accept either a 1% (P ≤ 0.01), or 1 out of 100, or 5% (P ≤ 0.05), or 5 out of 100, possibility that any differences seen could have been due to error (Cortina & Dunlap, 2007).
Research hypothesis: A research hypothesis is a declarative statement of the expected relationship between the dependent and independent variable(s).
Null hypothesis: The null hypothesis, based on the research hypothesis, states that the predicted relationships will not be found or that those found could have occurred by chance, meaning the difference will not be statistically significant.
Effect size: This is defined by Cortina and Dunlap as “the amount of variance in one variable accounted for by another in the sample at hand” (2007, p. 231). Effect size estimates are helpful adjuncts to significance testing. An important limitation, however, is that they are heavily influenced by the type of treatment or manipulation that occurred and the measures that are used.
Confidence intervals: Although sometimes suggested as an adjunct or replacement for the significance level, confidence intervals are determined in part by the alpha (significance level) (Cortina & Dunlap, 2007). Likened to a margin of error, the confidence intervals indicate the range within which the true difference between means may lie. A narrow confidence interval implies high precision; we can specify believable values within a narrow range ...
Infancy to Early Childhood Case AnalysisPart IFor this diLizbethQuinonez813
Infancy to Early Childhood Case Analysis
Part I:
For this discussion board assignment, you will conduct an interview with a parent who has a child in the early childhood stage of development. In your interview, solicit information to understand the child's development from infancy to early childhood about the area of development assigned to you.
--please explore the social needs of the child's development.
Social Needs: For social needs, use Erikson's psychosocial theory of development.
ALL students should also explore how multi-cultural factors have impacted the area of development you are exploring (i.e., ethnicity, race, gender, socioeconomic status, ableism, religion, sexual orientation and other sub-cultural influences such as military). There are two optional videos in the learning module that will help you think about culture more deeply and generate ideas about possible areas/questions to explore with your interviewee.
Quality posts will integrate material from the textbook to support your analysis of the child's development. All material from the textbook should be cited in APA style. Students should define psychological terms and concepts used; assume your audience is not familiar with developmental psychology.
...
Infectious Diseases
Name
Course
Instructor
Date
Introduction
Infectious infections have created increased attention.
Covid-19 is the most recent challenges caused by infectious diseases.
https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/
Introduction
Infectious infections have created increased attention, especially after several outbreaks and pandemics that altered human health globally. Covid-19 and the related infections are the most recent challenges caused by infectious diseases affecting the whole world. This presentation illustrates common infectious diseases in the nature they are caused, their diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention methods. It shall also describe the common symptoms of infectious diseases and when to seek medical attention.
2
Overview
Overview
Infectious diseases have attracted increased attention globally because of their various occurrence. Its symptoms range from mild to severe, and the treatment and management depend on the cause of infection. Infectious diseases are caused by several pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, to mention a few. Transmission of pathogens in humans happens in numerous ways, including direct transmission through contact, water, and foodborne infections. Infection from insects such as ticks and mosquitoes can also effectively transmit pathogens.
3
Infectious diseases have numerous occurrences.
Symptoms range from mild to severe.
Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.
Transmission include through contact, water and food, and insects.
Individuals with a higher risk of infectious diseases
All individuals are at risk of contracting infectious diseases.
Individuals with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.
They include;
People with suppressed immunities.
People unvaccinated for certain infectious diseases
Children and healthcare workers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9axOFtPqS0c
Individuals with a higher risk of infectious diseases
All individuals are at risk of contracting infectious diseases. However, individuals with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of getting infectious diseases. Individuals at higher risks of getting infectious diseases include; people with suppressed immunities, such as patients of cancer, HIV, and recent organ transmissions. People unvaccinated for certain infectious diseases are also considered at higher risk of getting infectious diseases. Other individuals at higher risks of getting infectious diseases are children and healthcare workers.
4
How Common are infectious diseases?
How Common are infectious diseases?
Infectious diseases are common worldwide. Some infectious diseases are more common and strike more often than others. For instance, infections caused by E. coli are common and may not require medications because they may cause mild signs of complications. In the United States, a fifth of the population is infected with influenza annually. This indicates that infectiou ...
Individual Focused Learning for Better Memory Retention Through LizbethQuinonez813
Individual Focused Learning for Better Memory Retention Through Experience
CONFIDENTIAL
GCU – For Internal Use Only
1
Literature Review: Background to the Problem
10/9/2019
Cognitive theory focuses on experiences in three looping processes, comprehension, memory, and application
According to Goossens (2020), cognitive theories in learning is affected by biology, environment, and social constructs
Bottom-up and top-down influences define experience of learning and thus memory and its retention (Tyng et al., 2017)
Comprehension is interpretative with different people and methodologies of gaining skills require support for better retention of knowledge (Ford et al., 2020)
CONFIDENTIAL
GCU – For Internal Use Only
Objective:
The outline on this slide is used in the Prospectus to develop the Background of the Study in Chapter 1 and the Background of the Problem Space in Chapter 2.
Slide Requirements:
Use either a bulleted format or table format
Describe what is already understood about the problem - Historically, memory retention is dependent on biology, social determinants, and educational roles (Berger et al., 2012)
Present findings from prior research related to the history of the problem space – individual are unique by circumstances, cognition development is different for each person hence memory retention and its experiences are unique. In education sector today, curriculum caters to meeting outcomes of the larger group with less focus on individual pace of learning.
Focus on:
When the problem started – generalization of education and learning environment through general curriculum tends to segregate some learners
What has been discovered about the problem - According to Tyng et al. (2017), “the effects of emotion on learning and memory are not always univalent” it points to the fact that progression is a personal journey such that how learning is understood is directly linked to how it is taught, the environment it is taught in, and the emotional attachments of information processing. Therefore, productivity in learning can only be attained by training and task definition which can be versatile form one person to another.
The current state of the problem – Development of separate special classes for students with learning challenge is beneficial but with poor education systems, the program could be detrimental for the future especially in self teaching learners. With guidance for retention of knowledge being a taught skill, ineffective environments and lack of support could be detrimental especially to disadvantaged communities
Support information with APA compliant in-text citations in your slide, and then make sure to include the full reference for the citation in the List of References slide (last slide of this presentation)
2
Literature Review: Problem Space
10/9/2019
Perception plays a very important role in motivating learners
It is build on the foundation of the dynamics of instructor-student relationship hence role ...
Infectious diseases projectThis project is PowerPoint, or a paLizbethQuinonez813
Infectious diseases project
This project is PowerPoint, or a paper and is the mandatory 10% LIRN.
1- Guidelines for the Project: It could be either a PPT or a paper academic style
- Include name of the disease and student(s) name
- The paper must have academic style (you pick it)
- The PPT must have a minimum of 8 slides, do not type many lines in one slide make it easy to follow, add photos.
Either for the PPT or the paper, this work should have all of the following aspects about your disease: (Write each topic in the order given)
· Name the infectious disease.
· Mention the organism(s) that cause the disease.
· Pick the most common organism that causes the disease and tell about the organism: Classification of the organism, organism’s habitat, general characteristics and virulence factors of the organism (Include pictures of the microorganism (bacteria, virus, helminth).
· About the disease:
· Write how is the disease transmitted, what is the portal(s) of entry and, where does it cause problems in humans’ body (what organs or system(s) are affected.
· Signs and symptoms (include pictures of them).
· Diagnosis and Treatment.
· Prevention.
· Epidemiology: Include cases in U.S. and/or where is mostly present, who gets affected (kids, women, men, all), and it there are cases of nosocomial infections or not and why.
· References
WHOEVER HAS NOT PICKED UP A TOPIC NEEDS TO SEND ME AN EMAIL WITH THE TOPIC YOU CHOSE.
The style for the PPT or paper you decide it, just do it academically acceptable and interesting.
Due Date: 10/24/2021
Project assignments
Bacteria
Topic
Student
Paper
Presentation/PPT
1
Viral lung infections
Maylin, Eddy
Picked
2
Tuberculosis
3
folliculitis
4
Streptococcal skin diseases
5
Conjuctivitis
6
Trachoma and STD by C. trachomatis
7
Botulism
8
Meningitis
9
Tetanus
Enny
Picked
10
Peptic ulcers
11
Foodborne infections: Salmonellosis,
12
Amebiasis, or Taenia
13
Upper UTI’s
14
Lower UTI’s
15
HPV
16
Bacterial vaginosis
17
Gonorrhea
18
HSV-1, HSV-2
19
Syphilis
20
Sepsis
21
Zyca
22
Malaria
23
Endocarditis
24
Chikungunya
25
Yellow fever, or dengue
26
HIV,
27
Mononucleosis
28
Ebola,
29
Rabies
30
Prions
31
African sleeping sickness
32
Hepatitis
33
Lyme disease
34
COVID19
35
C. dif
36
Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders
Addictive disorders can be particularly challenging for clients. Not only do these disorders typically interfere with a client’s ability to function in daily life, but they also often manifest as negative and sometimes criminal behaviors. Sometime clients with addictive disorders also suffer from other mental health issues, creating even greater struggles for them to overcome. In your role, you have the opportunity to help clients address their addictions and improve outcomes for both the clients and their families.
To prepare:
· Review this week’s Learning Re ...
Individual Project You are a business analyst in a publicly-trLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Project You are a business analyst in a publicly-traded company. Your team is working with
stakeholders regarding options for expansion. The company must decide at least two possible countries
for expansion based on specific criteria. Your job is to present a report to identify the following
information. First, you will identify the countries where this company is currently operating. Next, you
will identify and then analyze at least two possible countries for expansion based on specific criteria
using a minimum of 10 distinct class concepts, such as: Formal and informal institutions in those
countries International trade and trade barriers Whether FDI is attractive or unattractive Foreign
exchange opportunities/issues Whether regional integration is present and how this may impact
expansion Possible modes of entry with recommendations Discuss marketing/HR items of note to
successfully operate in the new country The report should contain a minimum of 1,500 words, excluding
cover page/references section, and should follow the most current edition of APA formatting. The
report should contain a minimum of five citations to at least five distinct references used. You must
provide a reference list at the end of the report in addition to including in-text citations in the body of
the report to identify where resources are used. Instructors determine the due date for this project
during the week it is assigned. In the alternative, this assignment may be given as a group project as
determined by the instructor. Individual project is worth 250 points. It is due to the appropriate Dropbox
in Week 8.
...
Individual Differences
Self-Awareness and Working with Others
Dr.Nathanson
1
1
Individual Differences at Work
We seek to understand people in order to develop insight into our own behavior, and the behavior of others, and to respond in effective ways in work settings.
Insight
Effective Interactions
*
PersonalityWho are you, and why do you behave the way that you do?the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give an individual his or her identitystable over time, stable across situationsunique set of complex, interacting characteristics“Habits of Response”
*
Personality (cont.)Origins of personality?genetics (nature)early life experience (nurture)modeling, reinforcement, stability of context, family dynamicsImpact of personality at work?Person x Situation interactionorganizations are “strong situations”dependent on culture, job, group factors
*
Personality (cont.)“Big Five” Personality Dimensionsdecades of research and theoretical discussions of personality --> dozens of personality dimensions1970’s and 1980’s: statistical methods (e.g., factor analysis) provided a “clearer picture”conscientiousness, extroversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeablenessonly moderate predictors
*
Group exerciseEach group member should discuss their profile, i.e are they high or low or in the middle for each of the Big 5 elements.
Then the group should discuss on average what the group personality is like.
Select a group leader and report to the class.
*
Personality (cont.)Locus of Controlan individual’s sense of control over his/her life, the environment, and external eventsHigh Internal LOCtask-oriented, innovative, proactive, self-confidentHigh External LOCsensitive to social cues, anxious changes with strong situational cues
*
Personality (cont.)Tolerance for Ambiguityextent to which individuals are threatened by or have difficulty coping with ambiguity, uncertainty, unpredictability, complexity…High Tolerance for Ambiguitycan handle more informationbetter at transmitting informationmore adaptivesensitive to other’s characteristics
*
Personality (cont.)Do organizations have personalities?SAS TheoryB. Schneiderthrough the combined processes of selection, attrition, and socialization, organizations create a culture with a “stable personality”implications?
*
Emotionscomplex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our efforts to survive and flourish; goal orientedbiological, psychological, socialgoal oriented: related to our ability to achieve what we wantnegative emotions: triggered by frustration (anger, jealousy)positive emotions: triggered by attainment (pride, happiness)
*
Emotional IntelligencePredictive of “star performance”: who does well, who gets aheadDaniel Goleman: Working with Emotional Intelligencebased on research in 500+ organizationsmore important in predicting success than technical skills or IQHigh “EQ”: works well ...
Individual Project I-21. TitleTechnology Management Plan LizbethQuinonez813
Individual Project I-2
1. Title
Technology Management Plan
2. Introduction
You have been selected to be the acting CIO for a subsidiary of Largo Corporation called Rustic Americana. Its primary products include arts and crafts that reflect the history, geography, folklore and cultural heritage of the United States. It specializes in direct marketing and sales through its call center. Sales are through a web store, a brick and mortar store, and a direct mail catalogue. All services are housed under one roof that include warehousing, order fulfillment, shipping, corporate management and operations, and the call center. The success of the company hinges on its eye-catching direct mail catalogue and the unique product line.
Unfortunately, annual sales have declined over the years due largely due to internal issues. The previous CIO was terminated some say due to incompetence primarily related to the underperforming call center. In addition, speculation swirled around the activities of the CIO. He was often absent from the building. He secluded himself behind the closed door of his office. Associated rumors mounted, and it was believed that he was running a consulting business on company time. When the Rustic Americana CEO asked him about this during a formal review, the CIO answered that it was a weekend hobby that kept him abreast of emerging technologies. The CEO asked him if one of their competitors was a client and he vehemently denied the accusation. She was certain that the CIO was not being entirely truthful with her.
Call Center Operations
Managing a call center demands a wide range of skills including managerial, troubleshooting, patience and being cool under pressure. Knowledge of computer and communications skills is helpful but most call centers have a technical support division. The call center manager is Prisha Khan – she has been in the job for about 2 months.
The customer service representative (CSR) in the call center responds to a call for product. On the customer management system (CMS), the CSR collects and directly enters customer information; on a separate inventory management system (IMS), the CSR looks up the product, and verifies if the warehouse has it in stock. If it does, the order is entered on the CMS, and the CSR decreases the inventory on the IMS. On the CMS, the CSR creates an order fulfillment ticket that is automatically shuttled to the warehouse processing clerk who prints it and then generates the shipping label. The shipping label is prepared through a web-based system through either UPS or USPS, which also produces a tracking number used by both the company and the customer. The processing clerk enters the shipping costs and tracking number into the CMS. The customer is billed when the order ships.
The warehouse crew uses bar code scanners to track merchandise; once the order is selected, it moves along a conveyor to a shipping clerk who packages the order, affixes the shipping label, sca ...
Individual Case Study – ChipotleBUSI 690 – Policy and StraLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Case Study – Chipotle
BUSI 690 – Policy and Strategy in Global Competition
1
CHIPOTLE
Individual Case Study – Chipotle
Executive Summary
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is one of the leading quick-service restaurant chains in the US and
operates 2,622 restaurants. The company’s existing strategy and business model indicate that it
operates firm-owned restaurants and focuses on delivering high-quality food at low prices
everyday to customers. The company has been successful but faces numerous complaints
regarding food contamination. This report presents a new mission statement appropriate for its
businesses and carries an internal analysis of the company. Based on the internal and financial
analysis, two alternative strategies have been proposed, and projections based on the
recommended strategy to open up new casual dining restaurants in the US are presented in this
report. It is suggested that the new strategy will increase the company’s profitability and generate
a positive net present value.
Existing Mission, Objectives, and Strategies
The company’s existing mission is “food with integrity” [CITATION Chi201 \l 1033 ] which
implies that it ensures that its supplies are from sustainable sources without the use of chemicals
that could have harmful effects on humans. The primary goal of the company is to “focus on safe
and delicious food made with better ingredients” [CITATION Chi202 \l 1033 ]. Its strategy
remained to have a small menu that offers limited choices of healthy, nutritious, and good quality
food items at competitively low prices. Furthermore, its focus is on expanding the network on its
restaurants in the United States until recently, as the company has launched its online and mobile
food ordering systems. It relies on providing efficient customer service and carrying out strong
advertising and marketing programs to communicate with customers and increase its sales.
2
CHIPOTLE
A New Mission Statement
The new mission statement of Chipotle is to (1) serve customers (2) healthy and delicious food
(3) without boundaries (4) by using sustainable food production technologies (5) and consistently
growing its business (6) by expanding its network and following ethical practices (7) and
challenging its competitors (8) by giving best quality food and value and services (9) by its
highly trained employees.
Analysis Of the Firm’s Existing Business Model
The existing business model of Chipotle focuses on providing enhanced food experience to its
customers. The key to the company’s business model is that it was not based on the standards of
Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) and offered a new approach to the business that challenged
other companies in the market. The company operates a large network of more than two
thousand restaurants in the United States and thirty restaurants in internal markets. Its business
model is based on a simple menu with a limited number of ...
Individual Assignment 3: ***Signature Assignment Recommendations for increasing value, creativity and innovation in a specific company.
Due Week 7 (Sunday night midnight)
Value 300 points
Length: 12-15 pages (page count does not include appendices, title page, visual display or references).
With Signature Assignments that are due on Week 7 all students must turn in their papers at the due date and no late papers will be graded for points, as the term is over, and students and faculty must prepare for the next term.
Be sure you include information from the Isaksen and Magretta text books and cite using APA. Citations should be short. The citations from both books must be direct applications from the text. This means that you do not use the textbook to define concepts like (creativity, innovation, creative problem solving) but you use the textbook to apply what you have learned. Remember using the textbooks to define concepts is undergraduate work.
Note: This final assignment is worth approximately ⅓ of your grade. Be very careful to follow the Rubric and the instructions below. In this paper students are to show mastery of all that they have learned through application of those concepts from this class into this final assignment. Review the Course Learning Outcomes found below as great papers will give indications that learning has occurred in each of the following six categories :
1. Examine existing personal creativity skills and cultivate additional personal creativity skills in both personal and professional settings.
2. Analyze the connection between creativity, leadership and bringing value and solving problems within the workplace.
3. Analyze the need for increasing creative thought in a complex global environment including designing strategies to increase cash, profit and growth through understanding competitive dynamics.
4. Identify the various business segments and the different or similar ways that each segment drives for profitability through creativity and resultant innovation.
5. Analyze and apply decision matrices especially Michael Porter’s work for creative opportunities, or to mitigate risk and/or legal considerations in the global marketplace including compliance with Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
6. Develop collaborative processes across stakeholders, including customers and suppliers to increase creativity and innovation.
Students will begin this final paper by reviewing the comments and suggestions from their instructor from Assignment 2, which was the outline for many issues addressed in this final paper. The instructor will review Assignment 2 before grading Assignment 3 to be sure that all suggestions from that paper have been incorporated into the final paper.
This paper will follow all APA guidelines and will be: Double Spaced, Times New Roman, APA Headings, Title Page, References and APA citations. This is an example of an APA sample paper. Long quotes are not to be used in this paper, thus, all quote ...
Individual Care Map Evaluation Tool – NSG240315430Name ____LizbethQuinonez813
Individual Care Map Evaluation Tool – NSG240/315/430
Name: _______________________ Date: ___________ Patient’s initials: _______________
Concept
240/315/430
(Follow instructions provided and on Moodle)
The student will:
Maxi-mum Points/
Prepare: Written Analysis and Concept Map
Student points
Unsatisfactory
Basic
Satisfactory
Exceeds expectations
Comments:
Conduct and describe a thorough history and physical (Medical diagnosis, Lab and diagnostic tests, physician's orders)
History and physical with many errors and components not addressed. (2 pts)
Partially conducts and describes history and physical with <80% accuracy. (5 pts)
Conducts and describes thorough history and physical. All components complete. (8 pts)
Conducts and describes thorough history and physical. All components complete and individualized to patient. (10 pts)
Prepare: a table describing the pharmacotherapies: Medication, dose, frequency, route, class, top 3 side effects, indications
Table of pharmacologic interventions with many errors of omission and content accuracy. (2 pts)
Prepares a partially complete table of pharmacologic interventions with <80% accurate content. (5 pts)
Prepares a complete and accurate table of pharmacologic interventions. (8 pts)
Prepares a complete and accurate table of pharmacologic interventions. Indications are individualized for the patient.(10 pts)
Demonstrate appropriate use of Gordon's Functional Patterns (GP) by organizing data into meaningful data clusters to determine associated nursing diagnosis (NDx).
Data disorganized; GP not identified or not with appropriate data clusters; NDx do not reflect understanding of client problems. (1 pt)
60-80% of data organized and clustered; <80% of GP supported; NDx partially reflects understanding of client needs. (2 pts)
80-90% of data organized and clustered; 80-90% of GP identified with supportive data clusters; NDx identified reflect understanding of client problems. (4 pts)
All data organized and clustered to represent 100% of Gordon's functional patterns; associated NDx identified reflect understanding of client problems. (5 pts)
List at least 3 Nursing Diagnoses (NDx) based upon analysis of the data (must have at least 1 actual physiological, 1 psychosocial, and 1 educational nursing diagnosis clearly identified). All identified NDx listed from highest priority to lowest priority.
Does not have required number or types of NDx; NDx not written in correct format; NDx not listed from highest to lowest priority. (2 pts)
≤ 3 NDx listed based upon analysis of the data; does not include at least 1 actual physiological, 1 psychosocial, and 1 educational NDx; < 80% of NDx statements reflect correct formatting; <80% identified NDx listed from highest priority to lowest priority. (5 pts)
3 NDx listed based upon analysis of the data; includes at least 1 actual physiological, 1 psychosocial, and 1 educational NDx; All parts of the NDx st ...
Individual Assignment 2 Research, Analysis & Outline for Final PaLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Assignment 2: Research, Analysis & Outline for Final Paper
CLO #3 Analyze the need for increasing creative thought in a complex global environment including designing strategies to increase cash, profit and growth through understanding competitive dynamics.
CLO#5 Analyze and apply decision matrices for creative opportunities, or to mitigate risk and/or legal considerations in the global marketplace including compliance with Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
Due:Wednesday Week 6
Value: 150
Length: 5 - 7 page informal outline.
The purpose of this assignment is for students to write an outline that presents their research for the final paper (the Signature Assignment) for this class. Students are not writing the final paper (yet). For this assignment, and thus for the final paper students are to identify a business that corresponds to the assigned business sectors (each student is to identify a separate business). In this outline, students will bring options and opportunities, creative problem solving to either solve a problem or create an opportunity. Remember we do not tell companies what they “must or should do.” We present options and opportunities. Students will apply creative innovative thought to the analysis. You can use bullet points for this outline. Students should apply any feedback received from this assignment to the final assignment.
Some important items to note before writing Assignment 2:
· Please go to Week 8 and read the Handout and Rubric for Assignment 3.
· The research is very detailed, double-spaced, Times New Roman, APA Headings, Title Page, References and APA citations. This is an example of an APA sample paper.
· Long quotes are not to be used in short papers of this nature; thus, all quotes should be from seven to 12 words and of course must use APA citations.
· The outline is to detail key points supported with corresponding citations.
· The outline must use at least three levels of Use APA headings. Sources (must be current - one year) other than the textbook can include: New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Harvard Business Review, Wired Magazine, (all can be found in the our University Library). You can also use any government website (usually “.gov”). You can use academic research but it must be recent (five years or newer).
Directions
After reading assigned chapters in your textbook and other course materials, continue your research to gain additional knowledge on industries and business sectors. This following link, located here, has access to a breakdown of all industries. The links after each industry provides additional data.
For the outline, briefly describe the business that you have chosen and the global footprint of their broader industry [e.g. number of subsidiaries in other countries, information on profit and growth strategies, key suppliers and customers. List three (3) major competitors (supported by data), and explain the percentage of the market share the business occup ...
Individual Assignment - Nike Case Write-Up Mergers & AcquisiLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Assignment - Nike Case Write-Up
Mergers & Acquisitions
Introduction (Objective of the Assignment)
The Nike Case Study is intended to serve as an introduction to the calculation of the Weighted-
Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of the firm.
The case provides a WACC calculation that contains errors based on conceptual
misunderstandings. Students will identify and explain the mistakes in the analysis. The case
assumes that students have been exposed to the WACC, CAPM, the dividend discount model,
and the earnings capitalization model.
Assignment Requirements
Complete the Nike Case Study reading (found in the Readings and Course Materials folder).
Put yourself in the role of one of the stakeholders in the case and reflect on the information in
the document. Make sure to address the following items:
1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? [2 to 3
sentences max.]
2. Calculate your own WACC for Nike. Note the following requirements:
a. Calculate the Cost of Debt based on the information provided in the case. [Fill in
the highlighted Excel cells; explain your calculation briefly]
b. When you are calculating the Cost of Equity, do it under three different
scenarios:
i. CAPM [Fill in Excel file]
ii. Dividend Discount Model [Fill in Excel file]
iii. Earnings Capitalization method [Fill in Excel file]
c. Summarize what the WACC would be in 3 different scenarios: using the Cost of
Debt and three different Cost of Equity percentages.
3. Highlight/note any differences versus Joanna Cohen’s calculation.
4. Which of your three WACC calculations (based on the 3 different Costs of Equity) do
you think makes the most sense and why?
You should have the following section in your final submission. They should look something like
this:
1. What is your WACC and Why is it Important?
Your answer…
2. WACC Calculations
A Summary of your findings. You will submit the Excel file separately.
3. Differences vs. Joanna Cohen
Your answer…
4. WACC Recommendation
Your answer….
Assignment Format
Students will submit the filled out provided Excel file (answering the highlighted cells), and their
write-up by the due date. The write-up should be brief and organized to answer the questions
listed in section II. It should be 2 pages maximum, double-spaced, with Calibri (12 pt). This
assignment should also have a cover page with:
• Your name
• The course number/name
• Your instructor’s name
Rubric
This is an individual assignment and accounts for 5% of your overall grade. You will be
assessed according to the following rubric.
Superior
High
Quality
Average Below
Average
Poor
Formatting and Creativity - Student
correctly incorporates all formatting
requirements. Student identifies a role in
the case and analyzes the case from that
perspective; i.e. the student “owns” the
case.
10 – 9 pts 8 ...
Individual Case InstructionsYou will identify a problem that reqLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Case Instructions
You will identify a problem that requires a change initiative through an organization with which you are associated. You will develop the final case by clearly explaining the problem, by including background, and by completing all of the tasks that are identified below. If you are uncomfortable with using your organization or do not have sufficient visibility to a problem in your organization, you may use theNo Good Deedcase instead.
Here are the tasks to be completed:
1. Use the 6681 case outline mar9'17 (1).docxDownload 6681 case outline mar9'17 (1).docx to help you structure the case in a logical manner.
2. Identify the symptoms that trigger your awareness of the need for change. This is a short explanation that does not require you to describe everything about your organization. Instead, list the set of symptoms that arise from your organization’s current manner of doing business.
3. Choose one of the following diagnostic models and explain each and every component of that model to fully analyze where the real problem exists.
1. The diagnostic models that you may use are: Six-Box, 7-S, or Star. To use these models correctly, you must discuss, comprehensively, each component of the model as it relates to the case.
2. Do not describe the model for the reader. Instead, explain why you chose the model that you chose as the diagnostic guide.
3. Then, explain your analysis of each model component.
4. Do NOT give recommendations in this section. This section is about analysis only. The analysis section describes current conditions.
4. Explain, in detail, the external factors that are impacting change as they relate to this case. Complete the external table found in Elements of a case.docxDownload Elements of a case.docx using the external factors table and the 6681 PESTLE Analysis.docxDownload 6681 PESTLE Analysis.docx that specifically describe the factors of the external environment. If you have a gap in the information in the table, look it up, and provide current information to complete the table. Again, do NOT make recommendations in this section of the case/change plan. Do not tell me what should happen or what you want to see. Describe ONLY what you find as you analyze the information you have looked about the external environment of this industry. Follow the instructions from the lecture videos.
5. Explain, in detail, why the external forces so important to this situation.
6. Explain, in detail, the internal factors that are impacting change as the relate to this case. Complete the internal tables found in Elements of a case.docxDownload Elements of a case.docxthat specifically describe the factors of the internal environment. You will find two internal tables that you will complete. If you have a gap in the information in the table, look it up, and provide current information to complete the table.
7. Analyze/ Map the organization’s culture by explaining each component of the Cultural Web as it r ...
In-Depth Integrative Case 4.1 How Didi Fought Uber in China LizbethQuinonez813
In-Depth Integrative Case 4.1
How Didi Fought Uber in China and Won; Next, Taking On the
World
Introduction
Technology is constantly evolving, and firms who have leveraged the unprecedented growth
rate of modern innovation have seen quick success. Didi Chuxing, China’s largest ridesharing
servicer, is no exception. With roots dating back to 2012, Didi has quickly gained Chinese
support, and with over 7.4 billion rides completed in 2017, Didi’s emphasis on technology has
allowed the young ridesharing firm to gain monopolistic authority within China.1
Rising transportation demand in China has created intense ridesharing competition within
China, and Didi’s early expansion efforts were obstructed by competitors, most notably Uber,
who entered China in 2014. With locations in over 60 countries, Uber had the experience
needed to quickly gain a foothold within China. Hefty subsidies, discounts, and marketing
promotions propelled the competitive battle between Uber and Didi, and the immediate
influence of Uber’s reputation led to a quick deterioration of Didi’s market dominance.
Nonetheless, governmental protectionism, strong Chinese partners, and a unique cultural
landscape in China presented Didi with the competitive edge needed to halt Uber’s expansion.2
Fierce opposition weakened revenues, and each firm reported losses exceeding US$1 billion
within the first year of competition.3 As a result, in August of 2016, Uber and Didi agreed to
US$35 billion alliance in which Didi would acquire Uber China. In return, Uber would receive an
initial 5.89 percent stake in the combined company, and with preferred equity interest, Uber’s
total position amounted to 17.7 percent.4 This announcement effectively halted Uber’s effort
to compete head-on with Didi in China and confirmed Didi’s dominance over the Chinese
ridesharing market.
The acquisition of Uber China meant only temporary peace to cut throat ridesharing
competition, and new wars are beginning to emerge as the two firms each strive to gain global
ridesharing dominance. Uber is now faced with a difficult situation as Chinese authority and
growing revenue streams inch Didi closer to global superiority. As Didi prepares to expand into
international markets, it is only a matter of time before these two players clash once again.5
An Evolving Chinese Ridesharing Market
China has quickly become the world’s largest provider of ridesharing services, and in 2017, a
total of 20.81 billion rides were offered through these platforms. Today, ridesharing accounts
for almost 2 percent of all transportation within China.6 While ridesharing may retain only a
modest presence, it is nonetheless the fastest growing method of transportation in the nation
as these services have been available for less than a decade. Rapid growth justifies China’s
US$30 billion ride hailing market valuation, and continued development has led analysts to
believe that this market will double in ...
In this reflection, introduce your professor to your project. Speak .docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this reflection, introduce your professor to your project. Speak about the pro and con sides of the controversy, and present your thesis statement. Then, consider some of the following questions as you reflect upon the road so far. If you want to, explain a little bit about your process. What have you experienced so far in writing your paper? Was it difficult or fairly easy to come up with your design? Do you feel confident about your progress so far? How do you feel about your thesis statement? What would you like to do in revisions? What step seems the most difficult or the easiest for you?
Your response should be at least 200 words. No references or citations are necessary.
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In this discussion, please address the followingDiscuss how oft.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this discussion, please address the following:
Discuss how often a project schedule should be reviewed.
Should a project schedule only be reviewed by the project manager and project management team?
Identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages to creating a project schedule.
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In this course, we have introduced and assessed many noteworthy figu.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this course, we have introduced and assessed many noteworthy figures related to the colonizing and first 90 years of the United States. For this assignment, you will choose a significant figure who contributed to and influenced others during the time discussed in this course—with the exception of any U.S. President—and prepare a tribute focusing on his or her relevance to today. This is not a biography. Your argument should highlight how society remembers your historical figure now, based on the philosophies and ideals he or she presented or helped to change and evolve.
The style of this project is a multimedia presentation with both audio and video components; however, the medium used is up to you. Potential examples include, but are not limited to, a videotaped speech, a self-guided PowerPoint presentation, or a video with audio. Creativity and effort will impact the final grade.
Projects are due during Unit VII and will be graded on the following:
Prepare and submit a two-page reflection, ideally based on the outline assignment from Unit VI.
Create and submit a visual presentation with your reflection as an audio transcript.
Use a minimum two sources that can be found in CSU’s Online Library (at least one from the American History & Life database).
Proper citations and references for any use or identification of those sources must be used.
Length must fall within three to five minutes; in the case of PowerPoint, slides and audio should progress and stop automatically like a taped presentation.
Content accuracy and avoidance of anachronism are a must.
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In this Assignment, you will focus on Adaptive Leadership from a.docxLizbethQuinonez813
In this Assignment, you will focus on Adaptive Leadership from a global perspective. When approaching this Assignment, do so from an international and global view
PLEASE SEE ATTACHED RUBRIC AND FOLLOW AS DIRECTED
NOTE THE PROGRAM : TURNITIN WILL BE USED TO DETECT A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF ORGINALITY
.
Inferential Analysis
Chapter 20
NUR 6812Nursing Research
Florida National University
Introduction - Inferential Analysis
We will discuss analysis of variance and regression, which are technically part of the same family of statistics known as the general linear method but are used to achieve different analytical goals
ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used so often that Iversen and Norpoth (1987) said they once had a student who thought this was the name of an Italian statistician.
You can think of analysis of variance as a whole family of procedures beginning with the simple and frequently used t-test and becoming quite complicated with the use of multiple dependent variables (MANOVA, to be explained later in this chapter) and covariates.
Although the simpler varieties of these statistics can actually be calculated by hand, it is assumed that you will use a statistical software package for your calculations.
If you want to see how these calculations are done, you could try to compute a correlation, chi-square, t-test, or ANOVA yourself (see Yuker, 1958; Field, 2009), but in general it is too time consuming and too subject to human error to do these by hand.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
Several terms are used in these analyses that you need to be familiar with to understand the analyses themselves and the results. Many will already be familiar to you.
Statistical significance: This indicates the probability that the differences found are a result of error, not the treatment. Stated in terms of the P value, the convention is to accept either a 1% (P ≤ 0.01), or 1 out of 100, or 5% (P ≤ 0.05), or 5 out of 100, possibility that any differences seen could have been due to error (Cortina & Dunlap, 2007).
Research hypothesis: A research hypothesis is a declarative statement of the expected relationship between the dependent and independent variable(s).
Null hypothesis: The null hypothesis, based on the research hypothesis, states that the predicted relationships will not be found or that those found could have occurred by chance, meaning the difference will not be statistically significant.
Effect size: This is defined by Cortina and Dunlap as “the amount of variance in one variable accounted for by another in the sample at hand” (2007, p. 231). Effect size estimates are helpful adjuncts to significance testing. An important limitation, however, is that they are heavily influenced by the type of treatment or manipulation that occurred and the measures that are used.
Confidence intervals: Although sometimes suggested as an adjunct or replacement for the significance level, confidence intervals are determined in part by the alpha (significance level) (Cortina & Dunlap, 2007). Likened to a margin of error, the confidence intervals indicate the range within which the true difference between means may lie. A narrow confidence interval implies high precision; we can specify believable values within a narrow range ...
Infancy to Early Childhood Case AnalysisPart IFor this diLizbethQuinonez813
Infancy to Early Childhood Case Analysis
Part I:
For this discussion board assignment, you will conduct an interview with a parent who has a child in the early childhood stage of development. In your interview, solicit information to understand the child's development from infancy to early childhood about the area of development assigned to you.
--please explore the social needs of the child's development.
Social Needs: For social needs, use Erikson's psychosocial theory of development.
ALL students should also explore how multi-cultural factors have impacted the area of development you are exploring (i.e., ethnicity, race, gender, socioeconomic status, ableism, religion, sexual orientation and other sub-cultural influences such as military). There are two optional videos in the learning module that will help you think about culture more deeply and generate ideas about possible areas/questions to explore with your interviewee.
Quality posts will integrate material from the textbook to support your analysis of the child's development. All material from the textbook should be cited in APA style. Students should define psychological terms and concepts used; assume your audience is not familiar with developmental psychology.
...
Infectious Diseases
Name
Course
Instructor
Date
Introduction
Infectious infections have created increased attention.
Covid-19 is the most recent challenges caused by infectious diseases.
https://idpjournal.biomedcentral.com/
Introduction
Infectious infections have created increased attention, especially after several outbreaks and pandemics that altered human health globally. Covid-19 and the related infections are the most recent challenges caused by infectious diseases affecting the whole world. This presentation illustrates common infectious diseases in the nature they are caused, their diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention methods. It shall also describe the common symptoms of infectious diseases and when to seek medical attention.
2
Overview
Overview
Infectious diseases have attracted increased attention globally because of their various occurrence. Its symptoms range from mild to severe, and the treatment and management depend on the cause of infection. Infectious diseases are caused by several pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, to mention a few. Transmission of pathogens in humans happens in numerous ways, including direct transmission through contact, water, and foodborne infections. Infection from insects such as ticks and mosquitoes can also effectively transmit pathogens.
3
Infectious diseases have numerous occurrences.
Symptoms range from mild to severe.
Pathogens include bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.
Transmission include through contact, water and food, and insects.
Individuals with a higher risk of infectious diseases
All individuals are at risk of contracting infectious diseases.
Individuals with compromised immune systems are at higher risk.
They include;
People with suppressed immunities.
People unvaccinated for certain infectious diseases
Children and healthcare workers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9axOFtPqS0c
Individuals with a higher risk of infectious diseases
All individuals are at risk of contracting infectious diseases. However, individuals with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of getting infectious diseases. Individuals at higher risks of getting infectious diseases include; people with suppressed immunities, such as patients of cancer, HIV, and recent organ transmissions. People unvaccinated for certain infectious diseases are also considered at higher risk of getting infectious diseases. Other individuals at higher risks of getting infectious diseases are children and healthcare workers.
4
How Common are infectious diseases?
How Common are infectious diseases?
Infectious diseases are common worldwide. Some infectious diseases are more common and strike more often than others. For instance, infections caused by E. coli are common and may not require medications because they may cause mild signs of complications. In the United States, a fifth of the population is infected with influenza annually. This indicates that infectiou ...
Individual Focused Learning for Better Memory Retention Through LizbethQuinonez813
Individual Focused Learning for Better Memory Retention Through Experience
CONFIDENTIAL
GCU – For Internal Use Only
1
Literature Review: Background to the Problem
10/9/2019
Cognitive theory focuses on experiences in three looping processes, comprehension, memory, and application
According to Goossens (2020), cognitive theories in learning is affected by biology, environment, and social constructs
Bottom-up and top-down influences define experience of learning and thus memory and its retention (Tyng et al., 2017)
Comprehension is interpretative with different people and methodologies of gaining skills require support for better retention of knowledge (Ford et al., 2020)
CONFIDENTIAL
GCU – For Internal Use Only
Objective:
The outline on this slide is used in the Prospectus to develop the Background of the Study in Chapter 1 and the Background of the Problem Space in Chapter 2.
Slide Requirements:
Use either a bulleted format or table format
Describe what is already understood about the problem - Historically, memory retention is dependent on biology, social determinants, and educational roles (Berger et al., 2012)
Present findings from prior research related to the history of the problem space – individual are unique by circumstances, cognition development is different for each person hence memory retention and its experiences are unique. In education sector today, curriculum caters to meeting outcomes of the larger group with less focus on individual pace of learning.
Focus on:
When the problem started – generalization of education and learning environment through general curriculum tends to segregate some learners
What has been discovered about the problem - According to Tyng et al. (2017), “the effects of emotion on learning and memory are not always univalent” it points to the fact that progression is a personal journey such that how learning is understood is directly linked to how it is taught, the environment it is taught in, and the emotional attachments of information processing. Therefore, productivity in learning can only be attained by training and task definition which can be versatile form one person to another.
The current state of the problem – Development of separate special classes for students with learning challenge is beneficial but with poor education systems, the program could be detrimental for the future especially in self teaching learners. With guidance for retention of knowledge being a taught skill, ineffective environments and lack of support could be detrimental especially to disadvantaged communities
Support information with APA compliant in-text citations in your slide, and then make sure to include the full reference for the citation in the List of References slide (last slide of this presentation)
2
Literature Review: Problem Space
10/9/2019
Perception plays a very important role in motivating learners
It is build on the foundation of the dynamics of instructor-student relationship hence role ...
Infectious diseases projectThis project is PowerPoint, or a paLizbethQuinonez813
Infectious diseases project
This project is PowerPoint, or a paper and is the mandatory 10% LIRN.
1- Guidelines for the Project: It could be either a PPT or a paper academic style
- Include name of the disease and student(s) name
- The paper must have academic style (you pick it)
- The PPT must have a minimum of 8 slides, do not type many lines in one slide make it easy to follow, add photos.
Either for the PPT or the paper, this work should have all of the following aspects about your disease: (Write each topic in the order given)
· Name the infectious disease.
· Mention the organism(s) that cause the disease.
· Pick the most common organism that causes the disease and tell about the organism: Classification of the organism, organism’s habitat, general characteristics and virulence factors of the organism (Include pictures of the microorganism (bacteria, virus, helminth).
· About the disease:
· Write how is the disease transmitted, what is the portal(s) of entry and, where does it cause problems in humans’ body (what organs or system(s) are affected.
· Signs and symptoms (include pictures of them).
· Diagnosis and Treatment.
· Prevention.
· Epidemiology: Include cases in U.S. and/or where is mostly present, who gets affected (kids, women, men, all), and it there are cases of nosocomial infections or not and why.
· References
WHOEVER HAS NOT PICKED UP A TOPIC NEEDS TO SEND ME AN EMAIL WITH THE TOPIC YOU CHOSE.
The style for the PPT or paper you decide it, just do it academically acceptable and interesting.
Due Date: 10/24/2021
Project assignments
Bacteria
Topic
Student
Paper
Presentation/PPT
1
Viral lung infections
Maylin, Eddy
Picked
2
Tuberculosis
3
folliculitis
4
Streptococcal skin diseases
5
Conjuctivitis
6
Trachoma and STD by C. trachomatis
7
Botulism
8
Meningitis
9
Tetanus
Enny
Picked
10
Peptic ulcers
11
Foodborne infections: Salmonellosis,
12
Amebiasis, or Taenia
13
Upper UTI’s
14
Lower UTI’s
15
HPV
16
Bacterial vaginosis
17
Gonorrhea
18
HSV-1, HSV-2
19
Syphilis
20
Sepsis
21
Zyca
22
Malaria
23
Endocarditis
24
Chikungunya
25
Yellow fever, or dengue
26
HIV,
27
Mononucleosis
28
Ebola,
29
Rabies
30
Prions
31
African sleeping sickness
32
Hepatitis
33
Lyme disease
34
COVID19
35
C. dif
36
Assignment: Psychotherapy for Clients With Addictive Disorders
Addictive disorders can be particularly challenging for clients. Not only do these disorders typically interfere with a client’s ability to function in daily life, but they also often manifest as negative and sometimes criminal behaviors. Sometime clients with addictive disorders also suffer from other mental health issues, creating even greater struggles for them to overcome. In your role, you have the opportunity to help clients address their addictions and improve outcomes for both the clients and their families.
To prepare:
· Review this week’s Learning Re ...
Individual Project You are a business analyst in a publicly-trLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Project You are a business analyst in a publicly-traded company. Your team is working with
stakeholders regarding options for expansion. The company must decide at least two possible countries
for expansion based on specific criteria. Your job is to present a report to identify the following
information. First, you will identify the countries where this company is currently operating. Next, you
will identify and then analyze at least two possible countries for expansion based on specific criteria
using a minimum of 10 distinct class concepts, such as: Formal and informal institutions in those
countries International trade and trade barriers Whether FDI is attractive or unattractive Foreign
exchange opportunities/issues Whether regional integration is present and how this may impact
expansion Possible modes of entry with recommendations Discuss marketing/HR items of note to
successfully operate in the new country The report should contain a minimum of 1,500 words, excluding
cover page/references section, and should follow the most current edition of APA formatting. The
report should contain a minimum of five citations to at least five distinct references used. You must
provide a reference list at the end of the report in addition to including in-text citations in the body of
the report to identify where resources are used. Instructors determine the due date for this project
during the week it is assigned. In the alternative, this assignment may be given as a group project as
determined by the instructor. Individual project is worth 250 points. It is due to the appropriate Dropbox
in Week 8.
...
Individual Differences
Self-Awareness and Working with Others
Dr.Nathanson
1
1
Individual Differences at Work
We seek to understand people in order to develop insight into our own behavior, and the behavior of others, and to respond in effective ways in work settings.
Insight
Effective Interactions
*
PersonalityWho are you, and why do you behave the way that you do?the combination of stable physical and mental characteristics that give an individual his or her identitystable over time, stable across situationsunique set of complex, interacting characteristics“Habits of Response”
*
Personality (cont.)Origins of personality?genetics (nature)early life experience (nurture)modeling, reinforcement, stability of context, family dynamicsImpact of personality at work?Person x Situation interactionorganizations are “strong situations”dependent on culture, job, group factors
*
Personality (cont.)“Big Five” Personality Dimensionsdecades of research and theoretical discussions of personality --> dozens of personality dimensions1970’s and 1980’s: statistical methods (e.g., factor analysis) provided a “clearer picture”conscientiousness, extroversion, openness to experience, neuroticism, agreeablenessonly moderate predictors
*
Group exerciseEach group member should discuss their profile, i.e are they high or low or in the middle for each of the Big 5 elements.
Then the group should discuss on average what the group personality is like.
Select a group leader and report to the class.
*
Personality (cont.)Locus of Controlan individual’s sense of control over his/her life, the environment, and external eventsHigh Internal LOCtask-oriented, innovative, proactive, self-confidentHigh External LOCsensitive to social cues, anxious changes with strong situational cues
*
Personality (cont.)Tolerance for Ambiguityextent to which individuals are threatened by or have difficulty coping with ambiguity, uncertainty, unpredictability, complexity…High Tolerance for Ambiguitycan handle more informationbetter at transmitting informationmore adaptivesensitive to other’s characteristics
*
Personality (cont.)Do organizations have personalities?SAS TheoryB. Schneiderthrough the combined processes of selection, attrition, and socialization, organizations create a culture with a “stable personality”implications?
*
Emotionscomplex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our efforts to survive and flourish; goal orientedbiological, psychological, socialgoal oriented: related to our ability to achieve what we wantnegative emotions: triggered by frustration (anger, jealousy)positive emotions: triggered by attainment (pride, happiness)
*
Emotional IntelligencePredictive of “star performance”: who does well, who gets aheadDaniel Goleman: Working with Emotional Intelligencebased on research in 500+ organizationsmore important in predicting success than technical skills or IQHigh “EQ”: works well ...
Individual Project I-21. TitleTechnology Management Plan LizbethQuinonez813
Individual Project I-2
1. Title
Technology Management Plan
2. Introduction
You have been selected to be the acting CIO for a subsidiary of Largo Corporation called Rustic Americana. Its primary products include arts and crafts that reflect the history, geography, folklore and cultural heritage of the United States. It specializes in direct marketing and sales through its call center. Sales are through a web store, a brick and mortar store, and a direct mail catalogue. All services are housed under one roof that include warehousing, order fulfillment, shipping, corporate management and operations, and the call center. The success of the company hinges on its eye-catching direct mail catalogue and the unique product line.
Unfortunately, annual sales have declined over the years due largely due to internal issues. The previous CIO was terminated some say due to incompetence primarily related to the underperforming call center. In addition, speculation swirled around the activities of the CIO. He was often absent from the building. He secluded himself behind the closed door of his office. Associated rumors mounted, and it was believed that he was running a consulting business on company time. When the Rustic Americana CEO asked him about this during a formal review, the CIO answered that it was a weekend hobby that kept him abreast of emerging technologies. The CEO asked him if one of their competitors was a client and he vehemently denied the accusation. She was certain that the CIO was not being entirely truthful with her.
Call Center Operations
Managing a call center demands a wide range of skills including managerial, troubleshooting, patience and being cool under pressure. Knowledge of computer and communications skills is helpful but most call centers have a technical support division. The call center manager is Prisha Khan – she has been in the job for about 2 months.
The customer service representative (CSR) in the call center responds to a call for product. On the customer management system (CMS), the CSR collects and directly enters customer information; on a separate inventory management system (IMS), the CSR looks up the product, and verifies if the warehouse has it in stock. If it does, the order is entered on the CMS, and the CSR decreases the inventory on the IMS. On the CMS, the CSR creates an order fulfillment ticket that is automatically shuttled to the warehouse processing clerk who prints it and then generates the shipping label. The shipping label is prepared through a web-based system through either UPS or USPS, which also produces a tracking number used by both the company and the customer. The processing clerk enters the shipping costs and tracking number into the CMS. The customer is billed when the order ships.
The warehouse crew uses bar code scanners to track merchandise; once the order is selected, it moves along a conveyor to a shipping clerk who packages the order, affixes the shipping label, sca ...
Individual Case Study – ChipotleBUSI 690 – Policy and StraLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Case Study – Chipotle
BUSI 690 – Policy and Strategy in Global Competition
1
CHIPOTLE
Individual Case Study – Chipotle
Executive Summary
Chipotle Mexican Grill, Inc. is one of the leading quick-service restaurant chains in the US and
operates 2,622 restaurants. The company’s existing strategy and business model indicate that it
operates firm-owned restaurants and focuses on delivering high-quality food at low prices
everyday to customers. The company has been successful but faces numerous complaints
regarding food contamination. This report presents a new mission statement appropriate for its
businesses and carries an internal analysis of the company. Based on the internal and financial
analysis, two alternative strategies have been proposed, and projections based on the
recommended strategy to open up new casual dining restaurants in the US are presented in this
report. It is suggested that the new strategy will increase the company’s profitability and generate
a positive net present value.
Existing Mission, Objectives, and Strategies
The company’s existing mission is “food with integrity” [CITATION Chi201 \l 1033 ] which
implies that it ensures that its supplies are from sustainable sources without the use of chemicals
that could have harmful effects on humans. The primary goal of the company is to “focus on safe
and delicious food made with better ingredients” [CITATION Chi202 \l 1033 ]. Its strategy
remained to have a small menu that offers limited choices of healthy, nutritious, and good quality
food items at competitively low prices. Furthermore, its focus is on expanding the network on its
restaurants in the United States until recently, as the company has launched its online and mobile
food ordering systems. It relies on providing efficient customer service and carrying out strong
advertising and marketing programs to communicate with customers and increase its sales.
2
CHIPOTLE
A New Mission Statement
The new mission statement of Chipotle is to (1) serve customers (2) healthy and delicious food
(3) without boundaries (4) by using sustainable food production technologies (5) and consistently
growing its business (6) by expanding its network and following ethical practices (7) and
challenging its competitors (8) by giving best quality food and value and services (9) by its
highly trained employees.
Analysis Of the Firm’s Existing Business Model
The existing business model of Chipotle focuses on providing enhanced food experience to its
customers. The key to the company’s business model is that it was not based on the standards of
Quick Service Restaurants (QSR) and offered a new approach to the business that challenged
other companies in the market. The company operates a large network of more than two
thousand restaurants in the United States and thirty restaurants in internal markets. Its business
model is based on a simple menu with a limited number of ...
Individual Assignment 3: ***Signature Assignment Recommendations for increasing value, creativity and innovation in a specific company.
Due Week 7 (Sunday night midnight)
Value 300 points
Length: 12-15 pages (page count does not include appendices, title page, visual display or references).
With Signature Assignments that are due on Week 7 all students must turn in their papers at the due date and no late papers will be graded for points, as the term is over, and students and faculty must prepare for the next term.
Be sure you include information from the Isaksen and Magretta text books and cite using APA. Citations should be short. The citations from both books must be direct applications from the text. This means that you do not use the textbook to define concepts like (creativity, innovation, creative problem solving) but you use the textbook to apply what you have learned. Remember using the textbooks to define concepts is undergraduate work.
Note: This final assignment is worth approximately ⅓ of your grade. Be very careful to follow the Rubric and the instructions below. In this paper students are to show mastery of all that they have learned through application of those concepts from this class into this final assignment. Review the Course Learning Outcomes found below as great papers will give indications that learning has occurred in each of the following six categories :
1. Examine existing personal creativity skills and cultivate additional personal creativity skills in both personal and professional settings.
2. Analyze the connection between creativity, leadership and bringing value and solving problems within the workplace.
3. Analyze the need for increasing creative thought in a complex global environment including designing strategies to increase cash, profit and growth through understanding competitive dynamics.
4. Identify the various business segments and the different or similar ways that each segment drives for profitability through creativity and resultant innovation.
5. Analyze and apply decision matrices especially Michael Porter’s work for creative opportunities, or to mitigate risk and/or legal considerations in the global marketplace including compliance with Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
6. Develop collaborative processes across stakeholders, including customers and suppliers to increase creativity and innovation.
Students will begin this final paper by reviewing the comments and suggestions from their instructor from Assignment 2, which was the outline for many issues addressed in this final paper. The instructor will review Assignment 2 before grading Assignment 3 to be sure that all suggestions from that paper have been incorporated into the final paper.
This paper will follow all APA guidelines and will be: Double Spaced, Times New Roman, APA Headings, Title Page, References and APA citations. This is an example of an APA sample paper. Long quotes are not to be used in this paper, thus, all quote ...
Individual Care Map Evaluation Tool – NSG240315430Name ____LizbethQuinonez813
Individual Care Map Evaluation Tool – NSG240/315/430
Name: _______________________ Date: ___________ Patient’s initials: _______________
Concept
240/315/430
(Follow instructions provided and on Moodle)
The student will:
Maxi-mum Points/
Prepare: Written Analysis and Concept Map
Student points
Unsatisfactory
Basic
Satisfactory
Exceeds expectations
Comments:
Conduct and describe a thorough history and physical (Medical diagnosis, Lab and diagnostic tests, physician's orders)
History and physical with many errors and components not addressed. (2 pts)
Partially conducts and describes history and physical with <80% accuracy. (5 pts)
Conducts and describes thorough history and physical. All components complete. (8 pts)
Conducts and describes thorough history and physical. All components complete and individualized to patient. (10 pts)
Prepare: a table describing the pharmacotherapies: Medication, dose, frequency, route, class, top 3 side effects, indications
Table of pharmacologic interventions with many errors of omission and content accuracy. (2 pts)
Prepares a partially complete table of pharmacologic interventions with <80% accurate content. (5 pts)
Prepares a complete and accurate table of pharmacologic interventions. (8 pts)
Prepares a complete and accurate table of pharmacologic interventions. Indications are individualized for the patient.(10 pts)
Demonstrate appropriate use of Gordon's Functional Patterns (GP) by organizing data into meaningful data clusters to determine associated nursing diagnosis (NDx).
Data disorganized; GP not identified or not with appropriate data clusters; NDx do not reflect understanding of client problems. (1 pt)
60-80% of data organized and clustered; <80% of GP supported; NDx partially reflects understanding of client needs. (2 pts)
80-90% of data organized and clustered; 80-90% of GP identified with supportive data clusters; NDx identified reflect understanding of client problems. (4 pts)
All data organized and clustered to represent 100% of Gordon's functional patterns; associated NDx identified reflect understanding of client problems. (5 pts)
List at least 3 Nursing Diagnoses (NDx) based upon analysis of the data (must have at least 1 actual physiological, 1 psychosocial, and 1 educational nursing diagnosis clearly identified). All identified NDx listed from highest priority to lowest priority.
Does not have required number or types of NDx; NDx not written in correct format; NDx not listed from highest to lowest priority. (2 pts)
≤ 3 NDx listed based upon analysis of the data; does not include at least 1 actual physiological, 1 psychosocial, and 1 educational NDx; < 80% of NDx statements reflect correct formatting; <80% identified NDx listed from highest priority to lowest priority. (5 pts)
3 NDx listed based upon analysis of the data; includes at least 1 actual physiological, 1 psychosocial, and 1 educational NDx; All parts of the NDx st ...
Individual Assignment 2 Research, Analysis & Outline for Final PaLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Assignment 2: Research, Analysis & Outline for Final Paper
CLO #3 Analyze the need for increasing creative thought in a complex global environment including designing strategies to increase cash, profit and growth through understanding competitive dynamics.
CLO#5 Analyze and apply decision matrices for creative opportunities, or to mitigate risk and/or legal considerations in the global marketplace including compliance with Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).
Due:Wednesday Week 6
Value: 150
Length: 5 - 7 page informal outline.
The purpose of this assignment is for students to write an outline that presents their research for the final paper (the Signature Assignment) for this class. Students are not writing the final paper (yet). For this assignment, and thus for the final paper students are to identify a business that corresponds to the assigned business sectors (each student is to identify a separate business). In this outline, students will bring options and opportunities, creative problem solving to either solve a problem or create an opportunity. Remember we do not tell companies what they “must or should do.” We present options and opportunities. Students will apply creative innovative thought to the analysis. You can use bullet points for this outline. Students should apply any feedback received from this assignment to the final assignment.
Some important items to note before writing Assignment 2:
· Please go to Week 8 and read the Handout and Rubric for Assignment 3.
· The research is very detailed, double-spaced, Times New Roman, APA Headings, Title Page, References and APA citations. This is an example of an APA sample paper.
· Long quotes are not to be used in short papers of this nature; thus, all quotes should be from seven to 12 words and of course must use APA citations.
· The outline is to detail key points supported with corresponding citations.
· The outline must use at least three levels of Use APA headings. Sources (must be current - one year) other than the textbook can include: New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Harvard Business Review, Wired Magazine, (all can be found in the our University Library). You can also use any government website (usually “.gov”). You can use academic research but it must be recent (five years or newer).
Directions
After reading assigned chapters in your textbook and other course materials, continue your research to gain additional knowledge on industries and business sectors. This following link, located here, has access to a breakdown of all industries. The links after each industry provides additional data.
For the outline, briefly describe the business that you have chosen and the global footprint of their broader industry [e.g. number of subsidiaries in other countries, information on profit and growth strategies, key suppliers and customers. List three (3) major competitors (supported by data), and explain the percentage of the market share the business occup ...
Individual Assignment - Nike Case Write-Up Mergers & AcquisiLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Assignment - Nike Case Write-Up
Mergers & Acquisitions
Introduction (Objective of the Assignment)
The Nike Case Study is intended to serve as an introduction to the calculation of the Weighted-
Average Cost of Capital (WACC) of the firm.
The case provides a WACC calculation that contains errors based on conceptual
misunderstandings. Students will identify and explain the mistakes in the analysis. The case
assumes that students have been exposed to the WACC, CAPM, the dividend discount model,
and the earnings capitalization model.
Assignment Requirements
Complete the Nike Case Study reading (found in the Readings and Course Materials folder).
Put yourself in the role of one of the stakeholders in the case and reflect on the information in
the document. Make sure to address the following items:
1. What is the WACC and why is it important to estimate a firm’s cost of capital? [2 to 3
sentences max.]
2. Calculate your own WACC for Nike. Note the following requirements:
a. Calculate the Cost of Debt based on the information provided in the case. [Fill in
the highlighted Excel cells; explain your calculation briefly]
b. When you are calculating the Cost of Equity, do it under three different
scenarios:
i. CAPM [Fill in Excel file]
ii. Dividend Discount Model [Fill in Excel file]
iii. Earnings Capitalization method [Fill in Excel file]
c. Summarize what the WACC would be in 3 different scenarios: using the Cost of
Debt and three different Cost of Equity percentages.
3. Highlight/note any differences versus Joanna Cohen’s calculation.
4. Which of your three WACC calculations (based on the 3 different Costs of Equity) do
you think makes the most sense and why?
You should have the following section in your final submission. They should look something like
this:
1. What is your WACC and Why is it Important?
Your answer…
2. WACC Calculations
A Summary of your findings. You will submit the Excel file separately.
3. Differences vs. Joanna Cohen
Your answer…
4. WACC Recommendation
Your answer….
Assignment Format
Students will submit the filled out provided Excel file (answering the highlighted cells), and their
write-up by the due date. The write-up should be brief and organized to answer the questions
listed in section II. It should be 2 pages maximum, double-spaced, with Calibri (12 pt). This
assignment should also have a cover page with:
• Your name
• The course number/name
• Your instructor’s name
Rubric
This is an individual assignment and accounts for 5% of your overall grade. You will be
assessed according to the following rubric.
Superior
High
Quality
Average Below
Average
Poor
Formatting and Creativity - Student
correctly incorporates all formatting
requirements. Student identifies a role in
the case and analyzes the case from that
perspective; i.e. the student “owns” the
case.
10 – 9 pts 8 ...
Individual Case InstructionsYou will identify a problem that reqLizbethQuinonez813
Individual Case Instructions
You will identify a problem that requires a change initiative through an organization with which you are associated. You will develop the final case by clearly explaining the problem, by including background, and by completing all of the tasks that are identified below. If you are uncomfortable with using your organization or do not have sufficient visibility to a problem in your organization, you may use theNo Good Deedcase instead.
Here are the tasks to be completed:
1. Use the 6681 case outline mar9'17 (1).docxDownload 6681 case outline mar9'17 (1).docx to help you structure the case in a logical manner.
2. Identify the symptoms that trigger your awareness of the need for change. This is a short explanation that does not require you to describe everything about your organization. Instead, list the set of symptoms that arise from your organization’s current manner of doing business.
3. Choose one of the following diagnostic models and explain each and every component of that model to fully analyze where the real problem exists.
1. The diagnostic models that you may use are: Six-Box, 7-S, or Star. To use these models correctly, you must discuss, comprehensively, each component of the model as it relates to the case.
2. Do not describe the model for the reader. Instead, explain why you chose the model that you chose as the diagnostic guide.
3. Then, explain your analysis of each model component.
4. Do NOT give recommendations in this section. This section is about analysis only. The analysis section describes current conditions.
4. Explain, in detail, the external factors that are impacting change as they relate to this case. Complete the external table found in Elements of a case.docxDownload Elements of a case.docx using the external factors table and the 6681 PESTLE Analysis.docxDownload 6681 PESTLE Analysis.docx that specifically describe the factors of the external environment. If you have a gap in the information in the table, look it up, and provide current information to complete the table. Again, do NOT make recommendations in this section of the case/change plan. Do not tell me what should happen or what you want to see. Describe ONLY what you find as you analyze the information you have looked about the external environment of this industry. Follow the instructions from the lecture videos.
5. Explain, in detail, why the external forces so important to this situation.
6. Explain, in detail, the internal factors that are impacting change as the relate to this case. Complete the internal tables found in Elements of a case.docxDownload Elements of a case.docxthat specifically describe the factors of the internal environment. You will find two internal tables that you will complete. If you have a gap in the information in the table, look it up, and provide current information to complete the table.
7. Analyze/ Map the organization’s culture by explaining each component of the Cultural Web as it r ...
In-Depth Integrative Case 4.1 How Didi Fought Uber in China LizbethQuinonez813
In-Depth Integrative Case 4.1
How Didi Fought Uber in China and Won; Next, Taking On the
World
Introduction
Technology is constantly evolving, and firms who have leveraged the unprecedented growth
rate of modern innovation have seen quick success. Didi Chuxing, China’s largest ridesharing
servicer, is no exception. With roots dating back to 2012, Didi has quickly gained Chinese
support, and with over 7.4 billion rides completed in 2017, Didi’s emphasis on technology has
allowed the young ridesharing firm to gain monopolistic authority within China.1
Rising transportation demand in China has created intense ridesharing competition within
China, and Didi’s early expansion efforts were obstructed by competitors, most notably Uber,
who entered China in 2014. With locations in over 60 countries, Uber had the experience
needed to quickly gain a foothold within China. Hefty subsidies, discounts, and marketing
promotions propelled the competitive battle between Uber and Didi, and the immediate
influence of Uber’s reputation led to a quick deterioration of Didi’s market dominance.
Nonetheless, governmental protectionism, strong Chinese partners, and a unique cultural
landscape in China presented Didi with the competitive edge needed to halt Uber’s expansion.2
Fierce opposition weakened revenues, and each firm reported losses exceeding US$1 billion
within the first year of competition.3 As a result, in August of 2016, Uber and Didi agreed to
US$35 billion alliance in which Didi would acquire Uber China. In return, Uber would receive an
initial 5.89 percent stake in the combined company, and with preferred equity interest, Uber’s
total position amounted to 17.7 percent.4 This announcement effectively halted Uber’s effort
to compete head-on with Didi in China and confirmed Didi’s dominance over the Chinese
ridesharing market.
The acquisition of Uber China meant only temporary peace to cut throat ridesharing
competition, and new wars are beginning to emerge as the two firms each strive to gain global
ridesharing dominance. Uber is now faced with a difficult situation as Chinese authority and
growing revenue streams inch Didi closer to global superiority. As Didi prepares to expand into
international markets, it is only a matter of time before these two players clash once again.5
An Evolving Chinese Ridesharing Market
China has quickly become the world’s largest provider of ridesharing services, and in 2017, a
total of 20.81 billion rides were offered through these platforms. Today, ridesharing accounts
for almost 2 percent of all transportation within China.6 While ridesharing may retain only a
modest presence, it is nonetheless the fastest growing method of transportation in the nation
as these services have been available for less than a decade. Rapid growth justifies China’s
US$30 billion ride hailing market valuation, and continued development has led analysts to
believe that this market will double in ...
In-Depth Integrative Case 4.1 How Didi Fought Uber in China
In this project, you will be expected to do a comprehensive li
1. In this project, you will be expected to do a comprehensive
literature search and survey, select
and study a specific topic in one subject area of data mining and
its applications in business
intelligence and analytics (BIA), and write a research paper on
the selected topic by yourself.
The research paper you are required to write can be a
detailed comprehensive study on some
specific topic or the original research work that wi ll have been
done by yourself.
Requirements and Instructions for the Research Paper:
1. The objective of the paper should be very clear about subject,
scope, domain, and the
goals to be achieved.
2. The paper should address the important advanced and critical
issues in a specific area of
data mining and its applications in business intelligence
and analytics. Your research
paper should emphasize not only breadth of coverage, but
also depth of coverage in the
specific area.
3. The research paper should give the measurable conclusions
and future research directions
(this is your contribution).
4. It might be beneficial to review or browse through about 15
to 20 relevant
technical articles before you make decision on the topic of the
2. research project.
5. The research paper can be:
a. Literature review papers on data mining techniques and
their applications for
business intelligence and analytics.
b. Study and examination of data mining techniques in depth
with technical details.
c. Applied research that applies a data mining method to
solve a real world
application in terms of the domain of BIA.
6. The research paper should reflect the quality at certain
academic research level.
7. The paper should be about at least 3000-3500 words double
space.
8. The paper should include adequate abstraction or
introduction, and reference list.
9. Please write the paper in your words and statements, and
please give the names of
references, citations, and resources of reference materials if you
want to use the statements
from other reference articles.
10. From the systematic study point of view, you may want to
read a list of technical papers
from relevant magazines, journals, conference proceedings and
theses in the area of the topic
you choose.
11. For the format and style of your research paper,
please make reference to CEC
Dissertation Guide
3. (http://cec.nova.edu/doctoral/documents/nsu-cec-dissertation-
guides.html), Publication Manual of APA, or the format of
ACM and IEEE journal
publications.
12. For the title page, please include course number,
course name, term/date, your
name, contact information such as email and phone number.
Suggested and Possible Topics for Written Report (But Not
Limited)
Supervised Learning Methods:
Classification Methods:
Regression Methods
Multiple Linear Regression
Logistic Regression
Ordered Logistic and Ordered Probit Regression Models
Multinomial Logistic Regression Model
Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models
Bayesian Classification
Naïve Bayes Method
k Nearest Neighbors
Decision Trees
ID3 (Iterative Dichotomiser 3)
C4.5 and C5.0
4. CART (Classification and Regression Trees)
Scalable Decision Tree Techniques
Neural Network-Based Methods
Back Propagation
Neural Network Supervised Learning
Bayes Belief Network
Rule-Based Methods
Generating Rules from a Decision Tree
Generating Rules from a Neural Net
Generating Rules without Decision Tree or Neural Net
Support Vector Machine
AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting)
XGBoost
GBM
Ensemble Methods
Bagging and Boosting
Random Forest
RainForest
Fuzzy Set and Rough Set Methods
Unsupervised Learning Methods:
Clustering Methods:
Partition Based Methods
Squared Error Clustering
K-Means Clustering (Centroid-Based Technique)
5. K-Medoids Method (Partition Around Medoids, Representative
Object-Based Technique)
Bond Energy
Hierarchical Methods
Agnes(Agglomerative vs. Divisive Hierarchical Clustering)
BIRCH (Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering Using
Hierarchies)
Chameleon (Hierarchical Clustering using Dynamic Modeling)
CLARANS (Clustering Large Applications Based Upon
Randomized Search)
CURE (Clustering Using REpresentatives)
Density Based Methods
DBSCAN (Density Based Spatial Clustering of Applications
with Noise, Density Based
Clustering Based on Connected Regions with High Density)
OPTICS (Ordering Points to Identity the Clustering Structure)
DENCLUE (DENsity Based CLUstEring, Clustering Based on
Density Distribution
Functions)
Grid-Based Methods
STING (Statistical Information Grid)
CLIQUE (Clustering In QUEst, An Apriori-like Subspace
Clustering Method)
Probabilistic Model Based Clustering
Clustering Graph and Network Data (For Example, Social
Networks)
Self-Organized Map Technique
6. Evaluation and Performance Measurement of Clustering
Methods
Assessing Clustering Technology
Determining the Number of Clusters
Measuring Clustering Quality
Association Rule Mining
Evolution Based Methods:
Genetic Algorithms
Applications:
Data Mining Applications for Business Intelligence and
Analytics
Text Mining
Spatial Mining
Temporal Mining
Web Mining
Others:
Over fitting and Under fitting issues
Outliers
Performance Evaluation and Measurement
Confusion Matrix
ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic)
AUC (Area Under the Curve)
Data Mining Tools
XLMiner
7. RapdiMiner
Weka
NodeXL
TensorFlow
Sample Format of Project Report
• Title Page
In general, the number of words in the title of report should be
limited around 10 words if
possible. The title page must include, course number, course
name, the term date, your
name, email, contact information, etc. below the paper title.
2. Abstract
The abstract page should summarize the highlight of your
project to tell the audience what
have been done in the research project.
3. Table of Contents
The TOC part should list all the titles of sections and
subsections with page numbers.
4. Introduction
This part introduces the audience with necessary information to
guide them into the subjects
of your research project.
5. Background and Literature Review
8. 6. Statement of the Proposed Research or Study
With the discussion in Background and Literature Review, the
proposed research and study
can be given in the format of, possibly, Problem Statement or
Objective of Study to indicate
what to be studied, investigated, researched, and/or achieved
from this project.
7. Methodology
Based on the Problem Statement and the objective to be
achieved, you may want to elaborate
the underline methodology to be used in order to fulfill the
research task and achieve the goal
of the research/study. If possible, please provide elaboration of
rationales in both depth and
width.
It is better to use illustrative examples to explain the
methodology employed in this project.
8. Experiment Design and Result Analysis
Provide the details of how experiments are designed and
conducted, and observation
from the experiment. Analysis of experimental results are
important based on your
observation, understanding, interpretation, etc. with some
performance analysis methods.
9. Conclusion
Summarize your research/study by giving some conclusion
from the project, and may
provide future research/study directions with discussion of
potentials.
9. 10. Reference List
11. Appendix (if necessary)
For style, please make reference to APA Manual, ACM,
IEEE publications, CEC
Dissertation Guide.
High-performance work systems
in health care management,
Part 2: Qualitative evidence
from five case studies
Ann Scheck McAlearney
Andrew N. Garman
Paula H. Song
Megan McHugh
Julie Robbins
Michael I. Harrison
Background: A capable workforce is central to the delivery of
10. high-quality care. Research from other industries
suggests that the methodical use of evidence-based management
practices (also known as high-performance
work practices [HPWPs]), such as systematic personnel
selection and incentive compensation, serves to attract and
retain well-qualified health care staff and that HPWPs may
represent an important and underutilized strategy
for improving quality of care and patient safety.
Purpose: The aims of this study were to improve our
understanding about the use of HPWPs in health care
organizations and to learn about their contribution to quality of
care and patient safety improvements.
Key words: health care, human resources, organizational
development, patient safety, qualitative, quality of care
Ann Scheck McAlearney, ScD, MS, is Associate Professor,
Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public
Health, The Ohio State
University, Columbus. E-mail: [email protected]
Andrew N. Garman, PsyD, MS, is Associate Professor and
Associate Chair, Department of Health Systems Management,
Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.
Paula H. Song, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Health Services
Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio
State University, Columbus.
Megan McHugh, PhD, is Director, Research, Health Research
and Educational Trust/AHA, Chicago, Illinois, and Research
Assistant Professor,
Institute for Healthcare Studies and Department of Emergency
Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of
Medicine, Chigaco, Illinois.
Julie Robbins, MHA, is Research Associate, Division of Health
Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The
Ohio State University,
11. Columbus.
Michael I. Harrison, PhD, is Sr. Social Scientist, Organizations
and Systems, Center for Delivery, Organization, and Markets,
Agency for Healthcare
Research and Quality, Washington, DC.
Funding source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the
authors and does not represent the official views or
recommendations of the Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) or the Department of
Health and Human Services.
An earlier version of this article received a ‘‘Best Paper’’
designation from the Health Care Management Division of the
Academy of Management
and was accepted for presentation at the 70th Annual Academy
of Management Meeting in Montreal, Canada, in August 2010.
Highlights of these
results were also presented at the 2010 AcademyHealth Meeting
in Boston, Massachusetts, in June 2010.
DOI: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e3182100dc4
Health Care Manage Rev, 2011, 36(3), 214Y226
Copyright B 2011 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins
214 JulyYSeptember & 2011
Copyright @ 201 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized
reproduction of this article is prohibited.1
Methodology/Approach: Guided by a model of HPWPs
12. developed through an extensive literature review and synthesis,
we conducted a series of interviews with key informants from
five U.S. health care organizations that had been identified
based on their exemplary use of HPWPs. We sought to explore
the applicability of our model and learn whether and how
HPWPs were related to quality and safety. All interviews were
recorded, transcribed, and subjected to qualitative analysis.
Findings: In each of the five organiza tions, we found emphasis
on all four HPWP subsystems in our conceptual
modelVengagement, staff acquisition/development, frontline
empowerment, and leadership alignment/
development. Although some HPWPs were common, there were
also practices that were distinctive to a single
organization. Our informants reported links between HPWPs
and employee outcomes (e.g., turnover and higher
satisfaction/engagement) and indicated that HPWPs made
important contributions to system- and organization-level
outcomes (e.g., improved recruitment, improved ability to
address safety concerns, and lower turnover).
Practice Implications: These case studies suggest that the
systematic use of HPWPs may improve performance in
health care organizations and provide examples of how HPWPs
can impact quality and safety in health care. Further
research is needed to specify which HPWPs and systems are of
greatest potential for health care management.
A
growing body of evidence drawn from a breadth
of industries suggests that the systematic use of
evidence-based management practicesVsometimes
identified as ‘‘high-performance work practices’’ (HPWPs)V
is associated with significant differences in organizational
outcomes such as quality and efficiency (e.g., Combs,
Liu, Hall, & Ketchen, 2006). Although most research on
HPWPs has been conducted in other industries, a com-
13. prehensive review of research into these systems of man-
agement practice concluded that many of these practices
could also be relevant to health care settings (Garman,
McAlearney, Harrison, Song & McHugh, 2011). However,
actual field use of the practices, as well as their com-
plementarities and outcomes, has yet to be explored.
This study seeks to improve our understanding of HPWP
use in health care through case studies of five high-
performing U.S. health care organizations that were selected
based on the recognition they have received for their man-
agement practices and outcomes. We were particularly in-
terested in exploring links between these systems of
management practices and organizational performance in
the areas of quality of care and patient safety.
High-Performance Work Practices
Evidence-based human resource (HR) or management prac-
tices that may contribute to organizational performance
have been commonly labeled HPWPs (U.S. Department of
Labor, 1993). Furthermore, collections of HPWPs used
together are often referred to as high-performance work sys-
tems or subsystems (see Garman et al., 2011). Most defi -
nitions of HPWPs (e.g., Baker, 1999; Becker & Gerhart,
1996; Becker & Huselid, 1998; Truss, 2001) include an
emphasis on attraction, selection, development, and reten-
tion of personnel, with some definitions also including
emphasis in the areas of employee involvement/decision
latitude (e.g., Harel & Tzafrir, 2001; Truss, 2001), and
leadership practices such as linking training to organiza-
tional needs and use of succession planning/internal labor
markets (Macky & Boxall, 2007).
Implementing HPWPs may offer a promising approach
14. to improving the quality, safety, and financial performance
of organizations. A recent meta-analytic review of studies
from manufacturing and service industries by Combs et al.
(2006) found significant associations between HPWPs and
financial measures across industries as well as sectors (i.e.,
manufacturing and services), and another recent literature
synthesisfoundassociations between a range of HR practices
and performance (Harris, Cortvriend, & Hyde, 2007). Nu-
merous healthcare-specific studies have found associations
between health care outcomes and management factors
such as supervision (MacDavitt, Chou, & Stone, 2007),
employee involvement (Harmon et al., 2003), and use of
quality-focused incentives (Beaulieu & Horrigan, 2005).
Significant associations have also been found between
HPWPs and occupational safety across different sectors
(Lauver, 2007; Zachratos, Barling, & Iverson, 2005).
Adapting HPWPs to Health
Services Settings
Although many of the individual HPWPs have been
adopted in health care settings, there are very few published
evaluations of these practices within the context of a work
system. In one such study, West, Guthrie, Dawson, Borrill,
and Carter (2006) found a significant association between
several HPWPs and patient mortality in a study of 52 Na-
tional Health Service hospitals. Similarly, in a study of 146
Veterans Affairs Centers, Harmon et al. (2003) found a
significant association between employee involvement and
both employee satisfaction and service costs.
Rationale for This Study
Given the paucity of current research in health care orga-
nizations about the potential linkage between HPWPs and
15. Cases of High-Performance Work Systems 215
Copyright @ 201 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized
reproduction of this article is prohibited.1
quality of care and patient safety, many questions remain.
For instance, little is known about how HPWPs might
support health care workers’ abilities to impact quality of
care and patient safety, nor how the use of HPWPs can
affect overall organizational performance in health care.
Moreover, scant practical information is available about
how innovative HPWPs are used in health care orga-
nizations. We initiated this exploratory study to improve
our understanding about the use and potential impacts of
HPWPs in health care organizations.
Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework used in this study is based on
the literature review reported in Garman et al. (2011)
and the logic model presented in Figure 1. This cross-
industry review, based on 114 articles and white papers,
utilized realist review methods adapted from Pawson (2006)
to construct a model that was then reviewed through sev-
eral iterations with an advisory panel of executives and
management scholars.
The resulting model contained work practices grouped
into four subsystems: (1) staff engagement, (2) staff
acquisition/development, (3) frontline empowerment,
and (4) leadership alignment/development. The model
also described how these subsystems may interact with
one another and may affect organizational and employee
16. outcomes, thus providing an organizing framework by
which to inquire about work practices in health care
settings.
Figure 1
Conceptual model of how HPWP subsystems affect employee
and organizational outcomes
Note: HPWP = high-performance work practice.
216 Health Care Management Review JulyYSeptember & 2011
Copyright @ 201 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized
reproduction of this article is prohibited.1
Methods
Case Study Methodology
We used qualitative methods of data collection and
analysis to conduct case studies of purposively selected
exemplary organizations and make comparisons among
them (Maxwell, 2005; Yin, 1994). This qualitative
methodology enabled the collection of rich information
about the multiple facets of HPWP adoption and
implementation in health care organizations from the
perspectives of a variety of key informants (Crabtree &
Miller, 1999; Miles & Huberman, 1994). Our primary
source of data collection was through key informant in-
terviews, the majority of which were conducted in per-
son. In addition, our case studies included document
collection and review, especially in the areas of commu-
nications practices related to the HPWPs in use, and
17. reports of impacts potentially related to the implementa-
tion and use of the HPWPs (e.g., orientation materials
and development plans). Finally, members of our re-
search team toured at least one health care facility in
four of the five organizations studied to gather impres-
sions of the work environment. We obtained human
subjects approval through the institutional review boards
of the authors, and all study participants were assured
that their voluntary responses would remain anonymous.
Identification of HPWP Organizations
Because we could conduct only a limited number of case
studies, we chose to investigate delivery systems that
were known for exemplary ‘‘people practices’’ and high-
quality outcomes. Our reasoning was that these leading
organizations were particularly likely to provide good
illustrations of the potential contributions of HPWPs
to quality and safety and that reports about the con-
tributions of HPWPs in these exemplary organizations
might stimulate adoption of HPWPs by other care pro-
viders. In addition we sought to ensure variation among
the organizations on factors such as size, geographic lo-
cation, and type of delivery system. We were also in-
terested in finding variation in organizations’ approaches
to specific HR practices, such as the degree of centrali -
zation of HR management and its integration into busi-
ness operations.
We initially identified potential case study sites by
seeking health care organizations that were known to have
a commitment to ‘‘people practices’’ and innovations be-
nefiting their workforces. Because our study was exploratory
in nature and we were interested in learning from inno-
vative organizations, we did not establish strict a priori
selection criteria. Instead, we used an iterative process in
18. which we sought references to best practice sites in both
published and trade literature, solicited referrals from
known experts in this field, and asked for suggestions from
members of a project advisory panel.
The five organizations ultimately selected each had
potential to serve as best practice examples worthy of
attention and possible emulation by other health care
organizations and were characterized by the organizational
diversity needed for our exploratory study. These organ-
izations and/or their component hospitals had won
numerous awards for their organizational and/or workforce
innovations, including the Malcolm Baldrige Award,
Fortune ‘‘Best Companies to Work For,’’ Magnet desig-
nation, Planetree recognition, Pebble Project, HIMSS
Davies Award, and the University HealthSystem Con-
sortium’s Quality Leadership Award. No organization that
we contacted refused to participate in our study. Table 1
provides more detailed information about the organizations
studied and their workforce initiatives.
Key Informant Interviews
Across the five case study sites, we interviewed 67 key
informants. Interviews lasted from 30 to 60 minutes, with
the great majority conducted in person. All interviews
were recorded and transcribed verbatim.
To ensure consistency in data collection, interviewers
used a semistructured interview guide including open-
ended questions and probes (McCracken, 1988; Miles &
Huberman, 1994), which was pilot tested prior to roll-
out. The following nine major domains were covered
in the interviews: (1) history and context of using
HPWPs, (2)organizational structure and involvement of
19. HR/organizational development, (3) selection and adop-
tion of HPWPs, (4) implementation of HPWPs (includ-
ing barriers and facilitators), (5) operations associated
with use of HPWPs, (6) business case for use of HPWPs
in health care organizations, (7) evaluation of HPWPs,
(8) impact of HPWPs on patient safety and quality of
care, and (9) recommendations and lessons learned.
A handout providing explanations and definitions
of the HPWPs for this study was given to each key in
formant prior to our detailed discussion about organiza-
tional examples of HPWPs during the interview process
to help ensure consistency of understanding about defi -
nitions and this conceptual framework (Figure 2). To
minimize the likelihood that interviewees would sim-
ply accept the validity of the model at face value, in-
terviewers were careful to identify the model as a
preliminary framework based on research from other in-
dustries, which may or may not have relevance to health
care. Interviewees were then asked whether they could
identify activities in their own organizations associated
with any of the practice definitions and also whether
there were any practice areas in their organization that
appeared to be missing from the model or practice areas
Cases of High-Performance Work Systems 217
Copyright @ 201 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Unauthorized
reproduction of this article is prohibited.1
that were in the model but not applicable in their
organization.
Analyses
20. We used the constant comparative method of qualita-
tive data analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) and common
approaches to code the data (Constas, 1992; Miles &
Huberman, 1994), including holding periodic conversa-
tions with research team members about code definitions
and emerging patterns within the data. Additional conver-
sations with professional colleagues, our project advisory
panel, and an ongoing literature review helped us to con-
ceptualize, validate, compare, and extend findings, where
appropriate (Glaser & Strauss, 1967). To support our cod-
ing process, we used the qualitative data analysis software
Atlas.ti, Version 6 (Scientific Software Development, 2009).
Findings
Our investigation of the use of HPWPs in five health care
organizations reputed to have best practices permitted us to
investigate whether our preliminary logic model could be
appropriately applied to HPWP use and enabled us explore
whether and how HPWP use in health care organizations
could be linked to quality of care and organizational per -
formance. We report these results here.
Key Informants Interviewed
We interviewed 67 informants across the five case study
sites (7Y16 per site). We aimed to interview individuals
with similar roles across each site to obtain perspectives
from participants in commensurate positions. Our multiple
key informants included HR professionals, organizational
Table 1
Case study site descriptions
21. Site Major workforce initiatives
Site 1: large, urban, multisite academic
health center; ~8,000 FTEs
Focus on three areas: reinforcing values, soliciting employee
feedback,
and leadership development
Established a ‘‘Work Culture Committee’’ that includes COO,
CFO, and VP of HR
Site 2: large, urban, multisite health
system; ~15,000 FTEs
Creation of a ‘‘just culture’’ for patient safety
Comprehensive, internally branded program for selection/on-
boarding
focused on culture and fit
Extensive process for formal information sharing, e.g., large
group
meetings, talking points for managers to share with direct
reports, and
plans for cascading information down throughout the
organization
Widespread use of individual and team recognitions and rewards
Highly structured performance management system with aligned
accountabilities, performance-contingent compensation
Site 3: large, urban, multisite health
system; ~15,000 FTEs
Creation of a ‘‘just culture’’ for patient safety
Internally branded platform for goal alignment and internal
22. communication
Use of Studer Group ‘‘Pillars’’ (Studer Group, 2010) and
Baldrige processes
as organizing framework for strategy and implementation
Extensive process for formal information sharing, e.g., large
group
meetings, talking points for managers to share with direct
reports, and
plans for cascading information down throughout the
organization
Site 4: urban ‘‘safety net’’ hospital;
~5,500 FTEs
Leadership committed to a strategy of getting the ‘‘right
people’’
Lean project used as platform for organizational improvement;
HR
identified as a ‘‘value stream’’
Use of external product (objective assessment test) for strategic
personnel
selection
Site 5: rural multisite health system;
~3,500 FTEs
Creation of a ‘‘patients-first’’ culture
Use of Studer Group ‘‘Pillars’’ as organizing framework for
strategy and
organizational improvement
Extensive process for formal information sharing, e.g., large
group
meetings, talking points for managers to share with direct
23. reports, plans
for cascading information down throughout the organization
Note. FTE = full-time equivalent: COO = chief operating
officer; CFO = chief financial officer; VP = vice president; HR
= human resource.
218 Health Care Management Review JulyYSeptember & 2011
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leaders, clinical leaders, quality improvement professio-
nals, information systems managers/directors, finance and
accounting professionals, and select administrative and
clinical personnel involved in HR practices (Table 2).
Application of HPWP Model to
Health Care Management
We organized our case study findings across sites using
the framework of our HPWP logic model (Figure 1). We
sought to determine the extent to which practices in
each of the four HPWP subsystems (listed in Figure 2)
were present in the organization studied and sought to
identify practices that were distinctive to each location.
Table 3 summarizes our findings across sites. The column
in Table 3 labeled ‘‘Common Practices’’ lists HPWP
practices found in multiple organizations, whereas the
column labeled ‘‘Distinctive Practices’’ lists practices that
occurred only in a single organization. We discuss these
findings by subsystem in the following sections.
24. Figure 2
Handout providing explanations and definitions of HPWPs
Note. HPWP = high-performance work practice.
Cases of High-Performance Work Systems 219
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reproduction of this article is prohibited.1
HPWPs in staff engagement. The four practices
comprising the staff engagement subsystem of HPWPs
were found in each of the sites visited. The first prac-
tice, ‘‘communicating mission, vision and values,’’ was
emphasized in each organization; many sites structured
efforts to convey mission, vision, and values using an
organizing framework (e.g., the ‘‘pillars’’ model propagated
by the Studer Group). Use of this practice was also com-
monly associated with recent culture change efforts. As
one HR director noted, ‘‘Everyone is anxious to drive a
new culture within our system,’’ and this effort involved
emphasizing the mission, vision, and values. Furthermore,
in all five sites, we found employee-focused messages
about the mission and vision reinforced throughout the
organization, with particular emphasis on HR-related
activities,suchasnew-employeeorientationandincorporation
into performance management systems. One vice president
(VP) of HR reported, ‘‘There’s not a meeting where the
mission and vision aren’t discussed or put in front of you
in some way.’’
The practice of ‘‘information sharing’’ was also found
across all sites, especially in the widespread use of large,
25. formal gatherings to share information with all employ-
ees. Across several organizations, interviewees discussed
the practice of ‘‘cascading,’’ by which directors were
responsible for communicating information to managers,
managers to supervisors, supervisors to frontline staff,
and so forth, to ensure that information was cascaded
down throughout the organization. All organizations
made use of report cards showing quality of care or pa-
tient safety metrics through newsletters and bulletin
boards that were accessible to all employees. Distinctive
information-sharing approaches included placing patient
safety messages on all computer screensavers at one or-
ganization (e.g., messages about the importance of hand
hygiene), designated use of functional groups (e.g., ser-
vice line leaders and HR liaisons) for cross-campus shar-
ing of information in another organization, and posting
of report cards in a high-visibility public area (outside the
cafeteria).
The third practice, ‘‘employee involvement in deci-
sions,’’ was also present in each of the five organizations.
Members of three organizations described extensive use
of employee councils or committees (e.g., nursing and
interprofessional) to collect and use employee opinions;
two organizations had systems in place for involving
employees from all levels in leading and/or participating
in process improvement projects. Examples of distinctive
practices included the use of peer ‘‘safety coaches’’ at one
site and, for a site that had deployed Lean processes,
having a stated goal that every employee, including se-
nior leaders, participate in a Lean project.
The fourth practice, ‘‘performance-driven reward and
recognition,’’ was commonly found in the use of individual
and team recognition programs tied to organizational val -
ues and goals or to organizational balanced scorecard re-
26. sults. As one HR VP explained, ‘‘Like it or notVwhen you
tie management bonuses to achieving some objective, you
can be sure it is going to get done.’’ The case study orga-
nizations also typically recognized and rewarded long-term
employment (e.g., 10 and 25 years). Distinctive examples
in this area included one organization in which employees
earned a ‘‘free shopping’’ trip that included a cash bonus
based on their tenure with the organization and an orga-
nization where senior executives held an ‘‘Emmy Awards’’Y
type ceremony to recognize employees.
HPWPs in staff acquisition/development. The
second HPWP subsystem includes the four practices of
‘‘rigorous recruiting,’’ ‘‘selective hiring,’’ ‘‘extensive train-
ing,’’ and ‘‘career development.’’ In each of the five orga-
nizations, examples of rigorous recruiting were cited in
relation to the goal of being perceived as a highly attractive
employer. Examples of this practice included communica-
tions about competitive compensation and benefits, along
with provision of information about awards programs and
positive employee engagement scores. Respondents in sev-
eral sites noted that their organization had pursued close
relationships with local schools to effectively create ‘‘feeder
systems’’ for the organization.
Table 2
Key informants interviewed
Function
Executive/Vice
President Director/Manager Nonmanagement Total
Chief executive 4 4
Human resources 10 11 3 24
Nursing/Operations 8 3 1 12
27. Quality/Service 6 5 1 12
Finance 5 2 0 7
Other (e.g., communications, and planning) 6 1 1 8
Total 39 22 6 67
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Table 3
High-performance work practices identified, by HPWP
subsystem
Dimension Common practices Distinctive practices
Subsystem 1: Staff
Engagement
Communicating
Mission, Vision,
Values
Culture change focus Annual ‘‘sign off’’ on mission as
part of performance reviewStructured framework for
consistent communication (e.g.,
use of Studer Group pillars)
Feedback from new employees at
90 days regarding ‘‘fit’’
Employee-focused messages regarding
28. mission/vision reinforced throughout
human resource functions, e.g.,
new employee orientation and
performance management systems
Information
Sharing
Use of large, formal gatherings Safety messages on all computer
screensaversStandardized communication
‘‘talking points,’’ cascading,
increasing use of intranet
Use of functional groups, e.g.,
service line leaders and liaisons,
for cross-campus sharingUse of report cards as
communication vehicle
Employee
Involvement in
Decision-Making
Use of employee councils or
committees, e.g., nursing and
interprofessional
Interprofessional ‘‘rounding’’
Use of employees from all levels to
lead and/or participate in
improvement projects, e.g., Lean
projects and peer safety coaches
Use of peer ‘‘safety coaches’’
Goal is to have every employee
29. participate in a Lean project
Performance-driven
Reward and
Recognition
Individual and team recognition
programs tied to organizational
values and goals, scorecard results
Spot bonuses (team and individual)
Organizations also recognized
and rewarded long-term
employment, e.g., 10 and 25 years
‘‘Free shopping’’ trip to local mall
tied to tenure
Pins for good deeds, tenure
‘‘Emmy Awards’’ to recognize
employees
Subsystem 2: Staff
Acquisition and
Development
Rigorous Recruiting Positioning sites (e.g., through
award programs, communicating
employee engagement scores)
to be perceived as highly
attractive employers
Close relationships with local
schools as ‘‘feeder systems’’
30. Communicating competitive
compensation and benefits
Selective Hiring Assessing cultural ‘‘fit’’ Peer/employee-
developed
standardsSelection and on-boarding as one
integrated process
Use of ‘‘behavioral standards’’ in
selection
Extensive Training Starts with orientation, continues Use of
‘‘simulation laboratory’’ to
identify/address clinical skills
gaps for new-graduate nurses
Use of large leader and staff forums
Paying for certifications in
addition to degrees
Robust ‘‘corporate university’’ or
formal relationships with local
universities
Tuition reimbursement programs
Career Development Leadership development for
high-potential managers
Physician leadership academy
Mentoring programs
Leadership coaching as part of
the on-boarding process
Subsidies for conferences
31. Use of some career ladders
(e.g., for nurses)
Physician development programs
(continues)
Cases of High-Performance Work Systems 221
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With respect to selective hiring, all sites emphasized the
importance of ensuring that new employees had the right
‘‘fit’’ with the organizational culture. One HR director sum-
marized this HPWP in explaining his organization’s phi-
losophy: ‘‘When in doubt, keep them out!’’ In practice,
selective hiring commonly involved creating an integrated
process for selection and on-boarding and often involved
the use of ‘‘behavioral standards’’ in the selection process. As
one HR VP noted of this integrated process, ‘‘If you teach
values the right way, they know right away what we are all
about and if they are going to fit in.’’ Another opportunity to
promote the practice of selective hiring involved the use of
team interviewing and greater employee involvement in the
hiring process. As one HR director explained, ‘‘If a team is
involved in selection, there’s more buy-in.’’
Each of the organizations had examples of the practice of
extensive training, often starting with new-employee orien-
tation and continuing into the employee development
process. Three of the five organizations used large leader
and staff employee forums as part of the trainingcomponent
32. of employee development, and several had a robust ‘‘corpo-
rate university’’ and/or formal relationships with local
universities to support the training process. Furthermore, all
study sites included tuition reimbursement programs, with
reimbursement tied to student performance, although not
always aligned with specific hospital needs. Distinctive
Table 3
Continued
Dimension Common practices Distinctive practices
Subsystem 3:
Frontline
Empowerment
Employment
Security
Emphasis on employment
continuity; redeployment
instead of layoffs
None reported layoffs; most
have long tenure, low turnover
Employment Safety All articulate support for
‘‘speaking up’’ but recognize
challenges
Use of trained/empowered ‘‘safety
coaches’’ on each unit (e.g., crew
resource training)
Emphasis on communication,
33. safety
Team communication training (e.g.,
AIDET: acknowledge, introduce,
duration, explanation, thank you);
Crucial Conversations
Reduced Status
Distinctions
Shared governance Use of multilevel ‘‘accountability team’’
Employee/management ‘‘service teams’’
for key issues
Teams/
Decentralized
Decision-Making
Manager empowerment Use of employee ‘‘innovation teams’’ to
generate ideas for strategic growthUse of report cards for
accountability at division/unit
level
Subsystem 4:
Leadership
Alignment/
Development
Leadership
Training Linked to
Organizational
Goals
Leadership development for
promising midlevel managers
34. Emerging leader program to develop
management skills among promising
nonmanagement employeesManagement training curricula
Program for physicians with ‘‘bad
behaviors’’Succession Planning Leaders charged with
identifying potential
successors
Use of formal ‘‘talent management’’
systems to surface and develop high
potentials
Performance-
Contingent
Rewards
Where used, tied to scorecard
results
Spot bonuses
Most sites had performance
management systems linking
individual accountabilities to
organizational objectives;
accountabilities used as basis
for performance review and/or
compensation
Most sites have performance-
contingent compensation for top
executives, some for all managers
35. 222 Health Care Management Review JulyYSeptember & 2011
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approaches to this HPWP included the use of a ‘‘simulation
laboratory’’ for new nursing graduates that could help
organizations to identify and address new nurses’ clinical
skills gaps, and tying pay increases to the completion of
certifications and/or degrees.
Career development as a HPWP commonly involved
providing subsidies for conference attendance and offering
leadership development programs and classes for high-
potential managers. As one HR director noted, ‘‘Our theory:
We should focus most of our time on high potentials.’’
Additional approaches to this HPWP included providing
formal mentoring programs and using some career ladders
(e.g., for nurses). In several organizations, there was progress
in new physician leadership development programs; one
organization had recently developed a physician leadership
academy. Another organization reported offering leader-
ship coaching to all new leaders, as they had found that the
leaders who used coaches during their on-boarding process
were more likely to be successful in their roles.
HPWPs in frontline empowerment. The frontline
empowerment subsystem is characterized by four dis-
tinct practices: ‘‘employment security,’’ ‘‘employment
safety,’’1 ‘‘reduced status distinctions,’’ and ‘‘use of teams/
decentralized decision making.’’ In the area of employ-
ment security, all organizations emphasized the impor-
tance of employment continuity, and several explained
how they responded to changing workforce needs through
36. strategic redeployments instead of layoffs. Although none
of the sites reported having a formal no-layoffs policy,
none reported having had any layoffs either, and all re-
ported that their workforces were characterized by low
turnover rates and long tenure among employees.
With respect to employment safety, informants from
each organization articulated examples of support for
employees to ‘‘speak up’’ but also recognized that there
were challenges associated with this practice. The em-
phasis at all five organizations was on communication
and patient safety. As one HR director described, the
organization promotes the ability of employees ‘‘being
able to speak up and stop a procedureVthere’s training
for thatIthat’s been embraced.’’ Distinctive examples of
this HPWP included team training on addressing patient
safety concerns (e.g., Crew Resource Management), the
use of trained and empowered safety coaches on each
unit, and the widespread use of team communication
training (e.g., AIDET [acknowledge, introduce, duration,
explanation, thank you] and Crucial Conversations).
The practice of creating reduced status distinctions was
also evident in all five sites, with the most common ex-
amples relating to shared governance. As one organiza-
tion’s VP for operations explained, the organization’s goal
was to ‘‘Icreate a culture of empowerment, one that
permeates from the frontline through executives, mini-
mizes hierarchy.’’ One distinctive example involved using
a multilevel ‘‘accountability team’’ to set and track goals.
The HR director described how ‘‘We hold each other
accountableIto how we are going to behave.’’ Another
distinctive approach involved the use of employee/
management ‘‘service teams’’ to resolve key issues.
37. The fourth practice of using teams/decentralized deci -
sion making was typically described as involving empower-
ment of midlevel managers and direct supervisors. A chief
nursing officer at one exemplar site explained that ‘‘man-
agers are completely empowered to work with doctors and
housekeepers to ensure their unit works.’’ Most sites used
report cards to move accountability to the division or unit
level, thus using information sharing to support the practice
of decentralized decision making. One innovative organi-
zation had committed to decentralizing the performance
improvement process and called on deployed employee
‘‘innovation teams’’ for suggestions about how to drive
strategic growth in the organization.
HPWPs in leadership alignment/development.
The fourth HPWP subsystem of leadership alignment/
development includes the three HPWPs of ‘‘leadership
training linked to organizational goals,’’ ‘‘succession plan-
ning,’’ and ‘‘performance-contingent rewards.’’ Each of the
organizations had examples of leadership training linked to
organizational goals;however, eachorganization’s approach
was considerably different. An approach that was common
across all organizations involved the use of organization-
wide management meetings for educational purposes, but
sites varied as to whether these meetings were considered
mandatory. All sites also had new manager training pro-
grams; however, only two of the five organizations had
formal leadership development programs at higher levels in
the organization. One innovative organization developed
an emerging leader program that targeted promising non-
management employees and offered training in manage-
ment skills. On the physician side, two of the organizations
were especially focused on opportunities to promote man-
agement training for physicians. As one HR director ex-
plained, the organization had worked toward ‘‘getting more
and more true physician leaders over the past four yearsI
38. leadership and training around patient safety.’’
The practice of succession planning was also identified
as a concern within each of the organizations as they at-
tempted to plan for the future. In all five organizations,
existing leaders were routinely encouraged to identify po-
tential successors, although some organizations had more
formal processes in place than others. Distinctive ap-
proaches involved the use of formal ‘‘talent management’’
systems to surface and develop high potentials (e.g.,
1
Multiple interviewees across several of the organizations felt
that the practice of
protecting employees from repercussions for speaking up should
be distinguished
from the practice of safeguarding employment for all
employees. To address this
we added the practice ‘‘employee safety’’ to refer to the former
and narrowed our
original definition of ‘‘employee security’’ to refer to the latter.
Cases of High-Performance Work Systems 223
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using both peer and superior nominations to direct high
potentials to multilevel leadership academies) and regular
communications about promotion opportunities that were
39. disseminated across individual hospitals, the health system
(if appropriate), and functional areas.
The final HPWP, performance-contingent rewards,
where used, was tied to overall organizational performance
(e.g., tied to scorecard results). All sites had performance
management systems that linked individual account-
abilities to organizational objectives, and these account-
abilities were used as basis for performance review and/or
compensation. Four of the five sites had performance-
contingent compensation for top executives; in the one
site that did not, several interviewees said they thought it
would be useful to implement.
Linking HPWPs and Quality and Safety
In general, respondents across all of our case study sites
strongly believed that their workforce practices did impact
quality and safety outcomes. However, their organizations
did not gather and analyze data that could provide evidence
of direct links between HPWPs and care quality or safety.
Several sites had reportedly been able to document impacts
for specific initiatives, but none had systematically gathered
and analyzed data on the broader impacts of investments in
HPWPs. For instance, at one site, an initiative to reduce
safety events through improved reporting resulted in an
estimated 60%Y70% reduction in serious/sentinel events;
more distally, this decrease was believed to contribute to
reduced premiums for malpractice insurance. At another
site, the use of peer safety coaches had reportedly increased
the percentage of employees who self-reported ‘‘speaking up
and completely expressing their concerns,’’ with a docu-
mented increase from 17% to 42% after implementation of
the organization’s safety coach program.
Beyond quality and safety impacts, respondents at all
40. of the case study sites noted that their workforce prac-
tices had other benefits that may have contributed in-
directly to improvements in quality and patient safety.
These suggested benefits included increased employee en-
gagement, enhanced market differentiation (to improve
recruitment success and customer attraction), and in-
creased employee pride in the organization.
The Role of Management in HPWPs
Two findings from the study are particularly relevant to
the managerial role: the contribution of organizational
culture to quality and performance and the importance of
senior leadership support for HPWP implementation.
Consensus about the importance of organizational
culture to ensure focus. Key informants across sites
emphasized the importance of organizational culture in
the creation of a unified, organizational approach to qual -
ity, safety, and, ultimately, organizational performance.
All of the sites reported that that they have sought to
improve quality and safety by creating an organizational
culture or mindset (e.g., ‘‘patients first,’’ ‘‘culture of safety,’’
and ‘‘just culture’’) that focuses on quality and safety. High-
performance work practices were often described in terms of
efforts to support the development of this culture.
Despite the lack of hard data regarding organizational -
level quality (or financial) impacts, informants across sites
widely credited their organization’s focus on culture and
frontline empowerment with gains in quality and safety.
Beyond documented quality and safety effects, informants
at all the sites recognized that their HPWPs had other
benefits that may contribute to quality/safety, as suggested
previously, and recognized the importance of organizational
41. culture.
Consensus about the importance of a strong
commitment from senior leadership. Informants in all
sites emphasized the importance of strong commitment from
organizational senior leadership as a facilitator of HPWP
implementation and use. Numerous comments and examples
emphasized the strong commitment of senior leaders to the
HPWP, and this commitment was evidenced by reports of
the time spent, the effort expended, and the enthusiasm of
senior leaders. Interestingly, this commitment was not neces-
sarily tied to involvement with traditional HR functions (e.g.,
compensation and benefits) but instead was related to the
emphasis on the more strategic HPWPs of interest in our
study. For instance, several of the organizations had de-
signated a senior-level leader to drive organizational im-
provement initiatives that were related to HPWPs, but these
senior-level leaders were not responsible for HR.
Discussion
Support for HPWP Use in Health
Care Organizations
Findings from our case studies offer support for the pres-
ence of HPWPs in exemplary health systems and provide
examples of how HPWPs are applied in health care or-
ganizations. Our finding that the four HPWP subsyste ms in
our model were present in all five exemplar organizations
also helps confirm the face validity of our model.
Informants in all case study organizations agreed that
HPWPs were critical drivers of organizational success. Par -
ticularly interesting was the emphasis placed on the staff
engagement subsystem across all five organizations, with
nearly all respondents able to describe how their orga-
42. nizations paid particular attention to the importance of
systematic communication about the alignment of manage-
ment practices to mission, vision, goals, and objectives.
224 Health Care Management Review JulyYSeptember & 2011
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Our findings support the view that methodical adop-
tion of a system of HPWPs may indeed be linked to both
employee outcomes (e.g., decreased turnover and higher
satisfaction/engagement) and organization-level outcomes
(e.g., fewer ‘‘never events,’’ lower agency costs, and lower
turnover costs). Notably, across all sites, attributions of a
link between HPWPs and organizational outcomes were
more intuitive than metric based. Nonetheless, in several
health systems, there were reports of modest associations
between HPWPs and measures related to improvement,
such as employee satisfaction. Our findings of substantial
variation in HPWP use across the five organizations sug-
gest a need for further investigation into which sets of
practices may be the most important for supporting efforts
to improve care quality and patient safety.
Limitations of This Study
A major limitation of this study is our inability to defi -
nitively link HPWP use to favorable employee outcomes
or to improvements in quality of care or patient safety.
Furthermore, our decision to select sites for intensive
study based on their exemplary people practices made it
impossible for us to compare best work practices to other
types of work practices.
43. In addition, without comparisons among organizations
with a diverse range of HPWPs, it is difficult to conclude
with certainty that specific HPWPs or HPWP subsystems
are critical to either employee or organizational outcomes.
Although participants at all five sites were able to provide
numerous illustrations of connections between HPWPs
and quality/safety practices and outcomes, and several sites
produced data showing how a specific HR practice or prac-
tices produced favorable results, the links were typically
not rigorously tested. Future research can move beyond
the limitations of this study by using larger and more di-
verse samples that permit contrasting HR practices and
allow for quantitative analyses of associations between
HPWPs and specific clinical and organizational outcomes.
Practice Implications
Findings from this study have several important implica-
tions for practice, particularly as they relate to managerial
roles. The consistent finding across sites concerning the
importance of a strong commitment by senior leadership
underscores how important it is for leaders at all levels to
be full participants in the improvement efforts of their
organizations. The words and actions of senior leaders set
the direction for the rest of the organization; if important
goals around quality and safety are not a regular part of
those communications, they are likely to receive less atten-
tion. This, in turn, may lead to slower progress toward those
goals. Senior leadership commitment also creates the
foundation for our second consensus finding about the
importance of organizational culture. Leaders create orga-
nizational culture over time, through the systematic rein-
forcement of specific actions (Schein, 2010). To the extent
that leaders are consistent and systematic in creating a
44. culture supportive of common goals, they are also enabling
the organization’s capacity to implement other HPWPs.
Conclusions
The findings from this research are promising for both
practitioner and academic audiences. From a practitioner
perspective, our findings highlight the potential impor-
tance and impact of HPWPs in health care organizations
and provide direction about practices for these organi -
zations to consider. More specifically, our findings can
help managers understand how HPWPs can support health
care organizations’ strategic goals to improve quality of care
and patient safety in health care. From an academic per-
spective, these findings lay the groundwork for future re-
search into a more definitive link between HPWPs and
health care quality outcomes. Additional investigations
will likely provide further insight as to which of the prac-
tices will have the highest leverage for improving quality
and safety in health care.
Acknowledgments
We greatly appreciate the help of all study participants, as
well as the research assistance provided by Emily K. Knecht,
Maria Jorina, and J. Phil Harrop, all of whom were affiliated
with The Ohio State University during the study. Ethi-
cal approval for this research study was obtained through
the Behavioral and Social Sciences Institutional Review
Board of The Ohio State University. We are especially
grateful to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality
that funded this research through the 2008 ACTION
Network Task Order #8, HHSA# 290200600022.
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