GraphQL is a query language for APIs that enables efficient data fetching and flexible querying. This tutorial shows how to build a GraphQL server using Node.js, Express.js, and MongoDB by first creating an Express REST API, then integrating GraphQL and allowing GraphQL queries to retrieve data from MongoDB. The steps include setting up prerequisites like VS Code, Node.js, and a terminal, then creating the Express server, integrating GraphQL with MongoDB, and running and testing GraphQL queries.