Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce oxygen and energy in the form of glucose. It takes place in two phases - the light dependent phase where radiant energy is absorbed by chlorophyll to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the light independent phase where carbon dioxide reacts with hydrogen to form glucose using energy from the light phase. Photosynthesis is essential as it provides oxygen for respiration and food for other organisms while balancing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere.

1. Photosynthesis
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 Photosynthesis is the chemical process whereby glucose
(carbohydrates) is utilized using light or radiant energy.
 Green plants that can synthesize their own food through
the process of photosynthesis are known to be
autotrophic.
 Organisms that cannot photosynthesize and obtain food
from other organisms are said to be heterotrophic
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Defining Photosynthesis

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» CO2 diffuses through the leaves
» H2O –inorganic substance absorbed from the soil by
roots of a plant.
» Radiant energy- Absorbed from the sun by leaves
» Chlorophyll- green pigment inside the chloroplast
» Enzymes- found inside the chloroplast
 PRODUCTS
 Glucose- carbohydrate. Stored as starch in plants and
stored as glycogen in animals
 Oxygen- Gas released back into the atmosphere from
the leaves
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Requirementsof Photosynthesis

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» Takes place in the grana of the chloroplast
» The light dependent phase of photosynthesis requires
light
» KeyTerminology
» Photolysis-The splitting of water molecules into
oxygen atoms and hydrogen atoms
» ATP- Adenosine triphosphate, energy carrier in cells
» Phosphorylation- formation of energy transporting
molecules called ATP.
Photosynthesistakesplaceintwophases
Light Independent phase
» Takes place in the stroma of the chloroplast
» No light is required in the light independent phase of
photosynthesis
light Dependent Phase

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1. Radiant energy is absorbed by the chlorophyll in the
grana.
2. Water (H2O) is absorbed into the grans of the
chloroplast.
3. Radiant energy makes the water molecule split/
hydrolysis takes place. Releasing:
4. Energy rich hydrogen ions which go onto the light
independent phase
5. Also releases oxygen which is released back into the
atmosphere.
6. Radiant energy also causes the energy carrier ATP to
form (phosphorylation) which is used in the light
independent phase
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LIGHTDEPENDENTPHASE

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LightIndependentphase
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1. CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere
2. Carbon dioxide and energy rich hydrogen atoms from
the light dependent phase are combined by usingATP,
from the light dependent phase to form glucose.
3. Excess glucose is stored as starch in starch granules
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TheImportanceof photosynthesis
» Photosynthesis is extremely important as it balances the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the atmosphere
» This process makes use of carbon dioxide and releases oxygen
» It makes use of radiant energy to produce chemical potential energy in the form of glucose which serves as food
for other organisms
» Proteins and lipids are made by using the stored starch.
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