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Understanding Home Heating Oil & Other Time - Critical Releases
1. Understanding Home Heating Oil &
Other Time - Critical Releases
Presented By
Jonathan Kitchen, PG, LSP
Molly Cote, LSP
Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Dan Crafton, Chief - Emergency Response
MassDEP โ Southeast Regional Office
September, 2019
Massachusetts Municipal Officials
2. Topics to be Covered
โบTypes & Causes of Time-Critical Releases
โบProminence in Massachusetts
โบMassDEP Emergency Response
โบResponding to Releases
โบCommunications
3. Time Critical Releases - Spills
โบ Types of Spills:
โช Residential Heating Oil Spills
๏ผInterior - Exterior
โช Roadway Spills โ Vehicle Accidents
โช Underground Storage Tanks
โช Boats โ Surface Water Spills
โช Releases to Stormwater Systems
โช Dumping
โบ Every Spill/Release is UNIQUE
9. Where Do Releases Go?
โบ Heating oil gets through cracks in basement floor
โบ Gets into a sump
โบ Discharges to soil
โบ Catch basins
โบ Ends up in/on groundwater (free product)
โบ Surface water
โบ Bedrock
โบ Neighborโs yard
โบ Drinking water wells
โบ Indoor air
11. MassDEP Emergency Response
โข Emergency Response 24/7/365
โข All after hours emergencies
โข Familiar with other MassDEP Programs:
โข Wetlands
โข Waste water
โข Drinking water
โข Generally responsible for releases in the first year
โข Authorized to commit MassDEP resources to
address Imminent Hazards (IH) and other risks to
public health and safety
12. MassDEP Emergency Response
โข Operate under Incident Command System
โข Joint response with Fire Departments, State HazMat Teams
โข USEPA & Coast Guard
โข Incident Preparedness Planning
โข All Hazards Planning
โข FEMA Emergency Management Assistance Compact
โข Massachusetts Oil Spill Prevention and Response Act
๏ผ Trailers, GRP development, testing and training
18. What is the Environment?
Environment means waters, land, surface or subsurface strata, or
ambient air of the Commonwealth, including:
โข Impervious surfaces
โข Surface water
โข Containment Areas
20. 2 Hour Notifications
Special Considerations
โข Contained within a building
โข Sheen/petroleum on surface water
โข Any release to environment with acute
human health impacts - Imminent
Hazard
โข Fish kill from a release - Imminent
Hazard
North River, MA
September, 2019
21. 2 Hour Notifications
Releases to Sanitary Sewer Systems
โข Not immediately reportable under MCP - Notify
WWTP immediately
โข Oil and hazmat pass through - sheen on discharge or
fish kill โ Report to MassDEP
โข Was combined sewer overflow operational at time of
spill
โข Response actions priority - limit impacts to biological
processes
23. Things That Are Not Reportable
Iron Bacteria Sheen Algal Bloom
24. 72 Hour Notifications
โข MCP definition of UST:
โข Structure of any size or capacity
โข Including ancillary piping
โข used or designed to be used for the storage of oil and/or
hazardous materials
โข 10% or more of the volume of such structure and piping is
below the ground surface
โข UST Removals & 100 PPM
๏ผ Measured within 24 hours after removal
๏ผ Must be measured prior to backfill
๏ผ Pre-characterization counts as part of removal
25. UST Threats of Release
โข UST- includes tank, piping and appurtenances
โข Leak > 0.05 gallons per hour
๏single-walled tank
๏inner or outer wall of double-walled tank
26. Notification Exemptions
Note that exempt โreleasesโ may still be subject to MCP
โข May not require reporting BUT
โข Not exempt from cleanup
27. Immediate Response Actions
โข Required for 2 and 72 hour notifications
โข MassDEP approval required unless directed by Local
Fire Official
โข Could include assessment, containment, fluid recovery,
absorbents, berm with shovel
28. Special Notes for Highway Spills
โข Incident Command System in place
โข Massachusetts quick clearance agreements - stabilize
and come back for additional work
โข Appropriate emergency lighting for vehicles and PPE
(level D and high visibility) required for responders
โข Contractors pre-permitted
โข Follow-up work performed under MassDOT-issued
roadway work permit with specified work zone setup
๏ MassDOT (800) 227-0608
35. Heating Oil Release Causes
AST
35%
Fuel Line
24%
UST
19%
Delivery error
11%
Filter
6%
Natural cause
3%
Fill line
1%
Unknown
1%
Corrosion
Rupture
Toppled Tank (roof collapse)
Floor gave way
Corrosion
Ditch Witch
Improper Installation
Corrosion
Wrong House
Right House (no tank)
Overfilling
Cracked
Improper Threading
Flooding
Ice
Rainwater displaced oil
36. Heating Oil Release Causes
โบ Release Causes are Numerous:
โช Holes in tank - ice (inside out or vice-versa, the big thaw!)
โช Overfills / Overpressurization
โช Failure to remove fill and vent pipe / Misdelivery
โช Line corrosion
โช Weakened legs (toppling)
โช Poor floor construction (toppling)
โช Poor engineering
โช Cable guys & Teenagers
โช Vandals (disgruntled ex-spouses & disgruntled contractors)
โช Fire
โช Flooding (floating tanks, displacement of oil)
โช Demolition
โช Falling objects
โช Poor tank construction
โช Cross threaded or defective filter
โช Installation error (nicked line, etc.)
โช Ditch witch
37. Responding to Heating Oil Releases
Whoโs In Charge?
โบ Follows incident command
โบ May be different at different release
โช fire, crime scene, etc.
โบ May change over time
38. Responding to Heating Oil Releases
Immediate Actions to Take or Recommend
โบ If possible:
โช Turn off power to furnace/hot water heater
โช Catch/contain oil
โช Stop the leak (plug hole)
โช Apply absorbents
โช Open windows โ set up fans
โช Call a cleanup contractor &/or LSP
โช Unplug sump pumps โ cover floor drains
โช Contact fuel oil service company (pump out remaining contents)
โช Deploy booms if surface water affected
โช Take actions to prevent migration โ Be creative, if necessary
โช Cover catch basins (plastic bag/soil berm)
โบ Notify MassDEP - 24 hour release reporting line: (888) 304-1133
โบ Contact Insurance Company
โบ Think about โevidenceโ
39. Responding to Heating Oil Releases โ Who Pays
โบ Insurance ?
โช Over 700,0001
homes in MA heated by oil, most not currently
covered
โช Approximately 44,0002
homeowners (6%) have specialized liquid
fuel release insurance riders
โช 1172
residential home heating oil spills were reported to
MassDEP in 2017
โช Current law only requires insurers to โmakeโ insurance
โavailableโ but does not require them to inform homeowners
๏ผ Homeowners must ASK for it and OPT IN
๏ผ Average cost is about $100 / year
๏ผ Cleanup costs can range from $20,000 to $500,000
3
, depending
on complexity
๏ผ Bills S594, H1008 & H2835 seek to require insurance coverage
๏ผ Hearing was held at Beacon Hill yesterday afternoon
1 https://www.mass.gov/service-details/how-massachusetts-households-heat-their-homes
2 MassDEP July 16, 2018 โReport to the Joint Committee on Environment, Natural Resources and Agricultureโ
3
http://www.mass.gov/eea/agencies/massdep/cleanup/regulations/homeowner-oil-spill-cleanup-guide.html
40. Responding to Heating Oil Releases
Communications
โบ Affected parties most often donโt know where to begin
โบ Rely on others present to guide them & looking for sound
advice
โบ Be reassuring
โบ Avoid alarming statements
โบ Be careful about risk comparisons
โบ Be honest about what is known and unknown
โบ Help them understand that it is a process (not cured
overnight)
โบ Try to speak as a team (talk among other responders too)
41. Responding to Heating Oil Releases
Communications
โบ Is it safe to stay here?
โช No single standard or criteria
โช Consider individual occupants (elderly, children)
โช Is mitigation in place (vapor barriers, fans, etc)
โช Time of year
โช Who makes that decision (Occupants? Board of Health?)
โบ Where will we go? Who will pay for us to stay?
โบ Who can we call?
โช Local Red Cross (help find tenants lodging)
โช If elderly, Council on Aging
โบ Is City/Town water available or is it a private well?
โช Can we drink it?
โบ How do we heat the home/hot water?
42. Responding to Releases
Initial Actions Have an Impact
โบIf done well, initial actions taken can:
โช Help prevent migration
โช Minimize the number of parties affected
โช Minimize media (soil, groundwater, surface water,
indoor air) affected
โช Help control the cost of cleanup
โช Minimize the time to closure
43. Whatโs Next โ After the Initial Response
โบ A key message on cleanups: the sooner the contaminant
mass is removed, the less costly the cleanup is likely to
be
โบ Regulatory process โ submittals and timelines
โช Immediate Response Action (IRA)
โช Limited Removal Action (LRA)
โบ Assessment will be required: soil, groundwater, indoor
air, surface water
โบ Achieve specific cleanup standards
โบ Time to closure varies on amount released, media
impacted, specific site conditions
โช type of foundation/construction
45. 1
10
100
1000
10000
0 50 100 150
Volume(gal)
Length (ft)
Whatโs Next โ Does Spill Volume Matter?
Volume(gal)
Time (years)
46. Whatโs Next โ How Far Do Spills Travel
โบAverage groundwater contaminant plume for home
heating oil spill <40 feet, with <25 foot length
exceeding standards
โบ75% of plumes from home heating oil spills <50 feet
47. 0 - 60 days:
9%
60 - 120 days:
15%
120 days - 1 year:
33%
1 - 3 years:
28%
3+ years:
15%
Time = Money 9% <60 days
24% <120 days
57% <1 year
Time To Closure โ Heating Oil Spills
48. Conclusions
โบ The main factors affecting the severity of a spill are:
โช Volume spilled
โช How long it has been going on
โช Previously undiscovered releases
โช Building construction
โช How quickly the spill is discovered and acted upon
โช The soil permeability
โช The presence of NAPL
โช The applicable groundwater standards
โช How quickly it was responded to and managed
โช Insurance coverage / funding
โบ Your help is valuable and can make a big difference!
