1. 1
ก ก ก ก ก
ก !" ก Positional Notation
ก ,- . / -ก - 0 (Absolute Value) 89ก: ,- ก
; กก ก ก<
!" กก ; -, ,ก :/
1. ; ก ::ก ; = ; > -, .
2 0,1 ; >: 0 C" 9
2. ; 10 / ::ก ;
3. ก = ; ก 9 -, = กE F E กGE.
กE A . 10
กE B . 11
กE C . 12
กE D . 13
กE E . 14
กE F . 15

2. ,:: ; =ก > P 0. ; 2 / - C" ; 16 !" , ,::
; = 2.1
,::- = S ,ก :
,:: ; > (Binary Number System) ,ก : 0. ,1
,:: ; . (Octal Number System) ,ก : 0-7
,:: ; >: (Decimal Number System) ,ก : 0-9
,:: ; >: ก (Hexadecimal Number System) ,ก : 0-9. ,
A-F
,:: ; ,> ก: S ก >_ ; 2 (Binary) --,
ก / ก ,.>/``a / ก ,.>/``a !" กb >C , ก >F . bก . ,ก
:>F . bก !" ,> ก: _ ก 9S bก ก>S _ก=

3. ก- ก _c ก . F S-, - .ก Bit . , Byte
Bit - bก >_ 0 1 0 !" > C. กE9, 8
S ; > /
Byte Character ก _ Bit ก 8 / >. ก ,-
1 f S ,ก : Bit 0 -, "0 8ก:= > = !" ก -,. ก , g
; > -" :ก ก - - ก = ; 2 C" 8 ก 0 -" ก .
; >: ก . ; >: _E S - . -" ก ,:: ;
. - ก ; >: _E S = ; 2 = ก S
ก :
กก : ก Weight ก 1 "กก # " $
: % & (11011101)2 + , - .
(11011101)2 = (1X27) + (1X26) + (0X25) + (1X24) + (1X23)+ (1X22) +
(0X21) + (1X20)
= 128 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1
= (221)10
:% $ (1011.101)2 - .
1 0 1 1 . 1 0 1 9 :;<
2-3 0.125
2-2 0.0
2-1 0.5
-
20 1.
21 2.
22 0.
23 8.
(11.625)10
∴ (1011.101)2 = (11.625)10

4. ก
กก
1. + , > - . " ?& @ > 2 A#, BC A %@ $.> D
, $ .# (LSB)
2. > 9 :;< A#,% ก , 1 ? #,"$ 2 ก BC %#%@ H#A
- .
3. > , 2 A $I % A#,9 :;< BJ $< BC A#,%@ - .
$.> D ก .# (MSB)
:% $ (221)10 - .
2 221 BC 1 (LSB)
2 110 BC 0
2 55 BC 1
2 27 BC 1
2 13 BC 1
2 6 BC 0
2 3 BC 1
2 1 BC 1 (MSB)
0
∴ (221)10 = (11011101)2
"; #L#$+M, ?> ก (Weight) & @
% $ (221)10 = (NN)2
1. > ?> ก (Weight) ? L#$ Weight ก .# , A ก %> " %@
$ # ?
128 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
2. ก Weight ก .# & @ Weight " I > " ก & ,"+ ,A#,
ก %> " , ก
Weight 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

5. ก 128 + 64 + 0 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 221
- . 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1
∴ (221)10 = (11011101)2
ก $ - . %# B $ - .
กก
1. 1. + , $ %> " O , %# B $ #,"$"; ก " & ,"
2. 2. + , > %# B $ ? & ," JP#,"$ 2 9 JP , $ก" 1 %@A#,
- . 0 & H, 9 JP กก" 1 ก 1 %@A#, - .
1
3. 3. + , > %# B $ A#,% ก9 ก JP+ ? & @ JP#,"$ 2 & @:% P
9 :;< M #$"ก , & @ก @ " ก ?%@ > A $ I % ก" 9 JP%@
ก 1 A#, & $> :$ : & ,"
: % $ (0.375)10 - .
9 ก JP 9 %> " O
0.375 X 2 = 0.75 0
0.75 X 2 = 1.5 1
0.5 X 2 = 1.0 1
# ? (0.375)10 = (0.011)2

6. : % $ (12.35)10 - .
1. 1. $ (12)10 + , - .
(12)10 = (1100)2
2. $ (0.35)10 - .
9 ก JP 9 %> " O
0.35 X 2 = 0.7 0
0.7 X 2 = 1.4 1
0.4 X 2 = 0.8 0
0.8 X 2 = 1.6 1
0.6 X 2 = 1.2 1
0.2 X 2 = 0.4 0
0.4 X 2 = 0.8 0
0.8 X 2 = 1.6 1
ก $ %@Q?> ก A $ I %@ > +M, :$ 6
# ? (12.35)10 = (1100.010110)2