Arts in the Philippines: From Ethnic to Modern Traditions

A R T S I N T H E
P H I L I P P I N E S
P R E P A R E D B Y : K A T H L E E N B . C A B A C A B A

O B J E C T I V E S
describes various contemporary art forms and their
practices from the various regions
discusses various art forms found in the Philippines
evaluates contemporary art forms based on the
elements and principles
M E L C S

A C T I V I T Y : W H A T I
K N O W
1 .
This element of art can be
illustrated as horizontal, vertical,
curve or circular
a. color
b. form
c. line
d. shape

K N O W
2. This principle of art represents
a pattern in an art caused by the
repetition of certain elements of
art.
a. Harmony
b. Rhythm
c. Movement
d. Variety

K N O W
3. Which of the following
artworks is made during the
Ethnic Tradition of Philippine
Arts?
a. Manunggul Jar
b. St. Metropolitan Cathedral
c. The Oblation
d. Spoliarium by Juan Luna

K N O W
4. In this practice of art, artworks
mirrors contemporary culture
and society.
a. American Art
b. Modern Art
c. Contemporary Art
d. Spanish Art

K N O W
5. Which of the following is a
principle of art?
a. Form
b. Movement
c. Line
d. Texture

1. . C - L I N E
2. . B - R H Y T H M
3. . A - M A N U N G G A L J A R
4. . C -
5. . B -
C O N T E M P O R A R Y
M O V E M E N T
C O R R E C T
A N S W E R S

A C T I V I T Y : B R A I N
S T O R M I N G
T H E M I D D L E C I R C L E I S T H E P H I L I P P I N E
A R T S . C O M P L E T E T H E G R A P H I C
O R G A N I Z E R B Y S U P P L Y I N G 5 W O R D S T H A T
R E L A T E S T O P H I L I P P I N E A R T S . T H E E X P L A I N
Y O U R A N S W E R .

T O D A Y ' S L E S S O N
E T H N I C T R A D I T I O N
Art forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location
and the experiences of the Filipinos (Luzviminda & Sayseng,
2016). In this time, the purpose of arts is integral to life. Arts
reflected the pagan beliefs and practices, everyday activity such
as fishing and farming, and specific decorative art pattern to the
community.

M A N U N G G U L J A R - E T H N I C
T R A D I T I O N
Manunggul jar is found in Manunggul Cave,
Lipuun Point, Palawan in the early 1960s.
Manunggul jar is a burial jar which signifies the
belief of early Filipino in life after death.
H T T P S : / / W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ?
Q =M A N U N G G U L +J A R & S O U R C E =L N M S & T B M =I S C H & S A =X & V E
D =2 A H U K E W J I Q O B G O P H Y A H W U P P Q K H Z P E D 4 A Q _ A U O A X O E
C A E Q A W & B I W =1 4 4 0 & B I H =7 9 9

A N G O N O P E T R O G L Y P H S - E T H N I C
T R A D I T I O N
The Angono Petroglyphs is situated in
Binangonan, Rizal. It was discovered by the
National Artist, Carlos “Botong” Francisco, in
1965. There are 127 human and animal figures
engraved on the rock wall and dated back
Q = A N G O L O + P E T R O G L Y P H S & T B M = I S C H & V E D = 2 A H U K E W I _ Y B N I O P H Y A H W I B A Y K H B 4 X D A G Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =A N G O L O +P E T R O G L Y P H S & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A Z O K C A A Q S Q M Q G W E Q Q Z O F C A A Q G A Q 6 B A G A E E M 6 B W G A E L E D E
E M 6 C A G A E I A E E L E D O G S I A B C A B B C X A X C D A T O E C A A Q H J O E C A A Q E 1 D S 5 D R Y _ R 4 2 Y O D A N M G A C A B 4 A O A B X O G B 7 B O S A Q I Z M J G B A K A B A
A O B C 2 D 3 C Y 1 3 A X O T A W 1 N S A E A W A E B & S C L I E N T = I M G & E I = W A G 5 Y F - 4 G Y I L M A W -
4 7 T A C G & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0 #I M G R C =D W F L O C L W T E F A 1 M

- E T H N I C T R A D I T I O N
Banga or pot dance is a performance of Kalinga
of the Mountain Province of the Philippines. This
dance shows the elegant grace of Igorot tribe and
the skill and strength of women.
H H T T P S : / / W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ?
Q = B A N G A + O R + P O T + D A N C E & T B M = I S C H & V E D = 2 A H U K E W I B 4 C 7 _ P _ H Y A H V N 4 P Q K H S S 0 B V 0 Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =B A N G A +O R +P O T +D A N C E & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A Z I F C A A Q G A Q 6 B A G A E E M 6 B G G A E A U Q H J O G C A A Q C B A E O G Q I A B
A E O G Y I A B A K E B H Q K L 9 Y 5 4 I B Y N K G A W G A C A B 4 A I A B X O G B 5 A I S A Q I X M 5 G B A K A B A A O B C 2 D 3 C Y 1 3 A X O T A W 1 N W A E B & S C L I E N T =I M G & E I
=J L A 5 Y Z U _ C C 3 E 0 W S K 6 J B O B Q & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0

S P A N I S H C O L O N I A L T R A D I T I O N
Art forms were primarily influenced by religion and
secularization. In this time, Spaniards used arts to
propagate the Catholic faith.

transgressions.
L A N G I T , L U P A , A T I M P Y E R N O - S P A N I S H
C O L O N I A L T R A D I T I O N
Langit, lupa, at Impyerno
by Josef Luciano Dans
This wall painting by Josef Luciano Dans will be
found in St. James the Apostle Church in Paete,
Laguna. This painting was dated 1850 and
depicts the heaven, crucifixion of Christ; earth,
Adan and Eve; and hell, sinners with different
H H T T P S : / / W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ?
Q = B A N G A + O R + P O T + D A N C E & T B M = I S C H & V E D = 2 A H U K E W I B 4 C 7 _ P _ H Y A H V N 4 P Q K H S S 0 B V 0 Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =B A N G A +O R +P O T +D A N C E & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A Z I F C A A Q G A Q 6 B A G A E E M 6 B G G A E A U Q H J O G C A A Q C B A E O G Q I A B
A E O G Y I A B A K E B H Q K L 9 Y 5 4 I B Y N K G A W G A C A B 4 A I A B X O G B 5 A I S A Q I X M 5 G B A K A B A A O B C 2 D 3 C Y 1 3 A X O T A W 1 N W A E B & S C L I E N T =I M G & E I
=J L A 5 Y Z U _ C C 3 E 0 W S K 6 J B O B Q & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0

S T . P A U L M E T R O P O L I T A N
C A T H E D R A L - S P A N I S H C O L O N I A L
T R A D I T I O N
St. Paul Metropolitan Cathedral is located in
Burgos, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur. The original
structure was built in 1574 and replaced as a
church in 1641. The cathedral follows a
Baroque architectural design.
Q = S T . + P A U L + M E T R O P O L I T A N + C A T H E D R A L & T B M = I S C H & V E D = 2 A H U K E W J 8 V Z E E Q F H Y A H X Y Y 4 S B H R 2 Z A W U Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =S T . +P A U L +M E T R O & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A R G A M G U I A B C A B D I E C A A Q H J I E C A A Q H J I G C A A Q B R A E M G Y I A B A F E B 4 Y B
G G A E A U Q H J I G C A A Q B R A E M G Y I A B A I E B 4 Y B A G A E B G Y B A G A E B G 6 B A G A E E M 6 C A G A E L E D E I M B O G G I A B C A B B C X A 1 C S 2 G X Y 3 Q W N Y O H U
D W G A C A B 4 A O A B 7 A G I A E 0 E K G E G N D Q U M C 4 X M A E A O A E B Q G E L Z 3 D Z L X D P E I 1 P B W E W A Q D A A Q E & S C L I E N T =I M G & E I =C L E 5 Y F Z F K T I X R 7
W P N B K G Q A Y & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0 #I M G R C =Y Z U C J M K E E _ P 5 D M

M O D E R N A R T
Modern art refers to the practice of art from 1860s to
1960s. The main theme of art works in this time is national
identity.

This painting was made by Fernando
Amorsolo, “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art”
and born in Manila. It shows a reminder of
the reminder of traditions and customs of the
Filipino.
H H T T P S : / / W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ? Q = T H E + M A K I N G + O F + F I L I P I N O + F L A G & T B M = I S C H & V E D = 2 A H U K E W J W Z C -
J Q V H Y A H V D D J Q K H S O 7 D G U Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =T H E +M A K I N G +O F +F & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A R G A M G U I A B C A B D I F C A A Q G A Q Y B Q G A E I A E M G U I A B C A B D I F C A A Q G A
Q Y B Q G A E I A E M G Y I A B A I E B 4 Y B G G A E A G Q H J I G C A A Q C B A E M G Q I A B A Y O G Q I A B A E O G Q I A B B D O G G I A B C A B B C X A Z O L C A A Q G A Q Q S Q M Q G
W E 6 B G G A E A O Q G F C Z Z 0 T Y T 4 D M Y J U C T G G C C A B 4 A O A B Z 4 G B 0 X -
S A Q Q 0 N S 4 Y M A E A O A E B Q G E L Z 3 D Z L X D P E I 1 P B W E W A Q D A A Q E & S C L I E N T = I M G & E I = U R I 5 Y D Z C W -
J R B K R 2 S K G G & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0 #I M G R C =I 6 Q H Y Z 9 1 F P Y K H M
T H E M A K I N G O F T H E P H I L I P P I N E
F L A G B Y :
M O D E R N
F E R N A N D O A M O R S O L O -
A R T

mastery in arts.
B A Y A N I H A N B Y C A R L O S B O T O N G
F R A N C I S C O - M O D E R N A R T
Carlos “Botong” Francisco was born in Ango,
Rizal. This painting by him was dated in
1962. This mural painting of Carlos “Botong”
Francisco shows the Filipino’s bayanihan
tradition. This also shows the distinctive style
of Francisco’s painting that showcased his
H H H T T P S : / / W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ? Q =B Y A N I H A N +B Y +C A R L O S +F R A N C I S C O & T B M =I S C H & V E D =2 A H U K E W I X R S W -
R _ H Y A H U Y B A Y K H S G Z A W E Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =B Y A N I H A N +B Y +C A R L O S +F R A N C I S C O & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A Z O G C A A Q C H A Y U P X Y W L Q P A W D T R G F O A H A A E A C A
A E M B I A G C D P I B B J E 5 L J A U M Z G B A K A B A A O B C 2 D 3 C Y 1 3 A X O T A W 1 N W A E B & S C L I E N T =I M G & E I =_ 7 C 5 Y F G Y C P I K M A W O S O S I B G & B I H =7 9 9
& B I W =1 4 4 0 #I M G R C =Z 9 I W U A T E T - T R Q M

C O N T E M P O R A R Y A R T
Contemporary art refers to the practice of art from 1970s to
the present. Contemporary arts mirror contemporary
culture and society. Diverse and emerging art practices were
being introduced in this era.

C I N C O M A R I A S -
C O N T E M P O R A R Y A R T S
Federico Aguilas Alcuaz was born in Santa
Cruz, Manila. Cinco Marias (Tres Marias
Series) depicts the variety of domestic
activities (Guillermo, 2007).
H T T P S : // W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ?
Q =C I N C O +M A R I A S +B Y +F E D E R I C O +A G U I L A R +A L C U A Z & T B M =I S C H & V E D =2 A H U K E W J T 6 F Z 0 S F H Y A H V E T Z Q K H X C T C X 8 Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =C I N C O +M A R I A S +B Y +F E D E R I C O +A G U I L A R +A L C U A Z & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A Z O F C A A Q G A Q 6 B A G A E B 4 6 B G G A E A G
Q H L D X C 1 I U 8 G F G J _ 0 B A A B W A H G A G A G 5 A Y G B 0 B K S A Q Q Y N S 4 Y M A E A O A E B Q G E L Z 3 D Z L X D P E I 1 P B W F A A Q E & S C L I E N T =I M G & E I =I R O 5 Y
D P 8 C 8 S A 0 Q T W P Q 7 4 A Q & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0 #I M G R C =D _ 5 R 5 Q 7 N M V K 4 R M

Leeroy New is one of the Philippines
contemporary artists. He is born in General
SANTOS City. This art installation of Leeroy
New was made for the La Milagrosa Festival
in Ilocos Norte. According to Leeroy New,
the art installation symbolizes the great
festivals, feasts and celebrations (Lape𝑛̃a,
2012
A R T I N S T A L L A T I O N I N
S A N D D U N E S O F P A O A Y -
C O N T E M P O R A R Y A R T S
H H T T P S : // W W W . G O O G L E . C O M / S E A R C H ?
Q =A R T +I N S T A L L A T I O N +I N +S A N D +D U N E S +O F +P A O A Y & T B M =I S C H & V E D =2 A H U K E W J K V 4 U F S V H Y A H X T B A Y K H F J G D 4 4 Q 2 -
C C E G Q I A B A A & O Q =A R T +I N S T A L L A T I O N +I N +S A N D +D U N E S +O F +P A O A Y & G S _ L C P =C G N P B W C Q A Z O E C A A Q Q Z O I C A A Q G A Q Q S Q M 6 B Q G
A E I A E O G C I A B C X A X B D O G G I A B C X A X C D A T O L C A A Q G A Q Q S Q M Q G W E 6 B G G A E A G Q H L D L 5 H J Y X _ W T Y L K E F G G B C A B 4 A I A B X 4 G B O R Q S A Q
I 0 M J G B A K A B A A O B C 2 D 3 C Y 1 3 A X O T A W 1 N W A E B & S C L I E N T =I M G & E I =Q 7 O 5 Y Y Q -
P N O L M A X 4 W B _ W C A & B I H =7 9 9 & B I W =1 4 4 0 #I M G R C =W M I I N 4 K T Q L 2 A L M

S U M M A R Y
These are the Ethnic Tradition, Spanish Colonial
Tradition, and American Colonial and Contemporary
Arts Traditions. Even before the colonization, the
Philippines already has its indigenous arts. These art
forms from various regions or from various artists
contributed to the picture of Philippine’s identity as a
country

1 . S P A C E
space pertains to emptiness which
may either be positive space or
negative space. Positive space
refers to a part which is enclosed in
a shape, while negative space refers
to the opposite part which the
shape is enclosing.
E L E M E N T S O F A R T S

lines create an expression of gradual change of
direction, and circular line may pertain an abrupt
change of direction.
2 . L I N E S
line is a series of connected points. It may come in two
characteristics: form – curved, dotted, or broken lines;
and direction – vertical, horizontal, or diagonal lines.
Different types of lines may convey different meanings.
For example, a horizontal line usually suggests calmness,
vertical lines may convey strength, diagonal lines create an
impression of action, curved

and volume. Unlike shapes, it has more depth.
3 . S H A P E A N D F O R M S
shape has two dimensional figures with height and
width. There are different kinds of shapes and these
are geometric shapes (triangle, squares, rectangle,
etc.), organic shapes (shapes found in nature, e.g.
shape of a leaf or cloud), abstract shapes (asymmetrical
and free flowing shapes). Meanwhile, forms are three
dimensional figures. Its dimensions are height, width,

4 . C O L O R
color is associated with the natural phenomenon
in our environment. Scientifically, when a light
passes through a prism, it will produce different
hues of different wavelengths. These colors may
pertain to lightness, darkness, coolness, or
warmth.
A R T I S T : D Y A N N E K I R S T E N C A B A C A B A M A L L I L L I N ,
1 5 - Y E A R - O L D , G R A D E 1 0 , A M U L U N G C A G A Y A N

5 . V A L U E
value is considered a property of a
color which pertains to its lightness or
darkness

6 . T E X T U R E
texture is the element that appeals to
our sense of feel on things, rough,
smooth, bumpy, or slippery. It
pertains to the surface of an art
piece.

of the house.
1 . P R O P O R T I O N
refers to the relationship of the size
of elements in a body of art. For
example, when drawing a human
standing beside a house, it is
important to ensure that the size of
the human is proportional to the size
A R T I S T :
M A L L I L L I N ,
D Y A N N E K I R S T E N
1 5 - Y E A R - O L D ,
C A B A C A B A
G R A D E 1 0 ,
A M U L U N G C A G A Y A N
P R I N C I P L E S O F A R T S

2 . H A R M O N Y
the unity of the artwork, specifically
about the arrangement of the related
elements
H A R T I S T : K A R I S P A U L B . M O D I N A , 1 9 - Y E A R - O L D , F R E S H M E N U P F I N E A R T S F R O M H A P P Y V A L L E Y ,
C E B U
C O L O R E D P E N C I L S O N A P O S T I T P A P E R
T I T L E : D E A R E A R T H
H E D R E W T H E P I E C E A S A R E A C T I O N T O A P O E M T H A T E X P R E S S E S S A D N E S S F O R W H A T M A N H A S
D O N E T O N A T U R E .

3 . V A R I E T Y
referred to as diversity. This means
adding multiple, different elements to
break the monotony of an artwork
and make it more interesting.
H A R T I S T : J U N Z I E M S A B A L A L U M N I (G R A D E 1 2 S H S O F G A A S N A T I O N A L
H I G H S C H O O L

4 . M O V E M E N T
the illusion of motion in a painting,
sculpture design, or in a piece of art.
H A R T I S T : J U N Z I E M S A B A L A L U M N I (G R A D E 1 2 S H S O F G A A S N A T I O N A L H I G H S C H O O L

5 . R H Y T H M
repetition of certain
elements to produce a
pattern. In visual arts,
repeated design elements
may create a certain flow
and may lead the viewer’s
eyes.
A R T I S T : K E Z I A H C A E L Y N B . C A B A C A B A 8 Y E A R S A N D G R A D E 3 A T N E W L I F E B A P T I S T

6 . B A L A N C E
refers to the even
and equal
distribution of
elements.
A R T I S T : T O M A S M A B A L A T O A L U M N I O F G A A S N A T I O N A L
H I G H S C H O O L

7 . E M P H A S I S
refer to the
greater impact
given on a certain
element.
A R T I S T :
S C H O O L
M A R C U S J O H A N A N B . C A B A C A B A 1 1 Y E A R S O L D G R A D E 6 A T B U A N O Y C E N T R A L

S U M M A R Y
PHVMRBE
6 E L E M E N T S O F A R T S
(S L S C V T )
7 P R I N C I P L E S O F A R T S

Arts in the Philippines: From Ethnic to Modern Traditions

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Arts in the Philippines: From Ethnic to Modern Traditions