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Grammar Book

By: Jazmin Watley
Table of Contents
• Nationalities
• Stem changers
• Object Pronoun Placement
• Indirect Object Pronouns
• Gustar
• Affirmative/ Negative Words
• Superlatives
• Reflexives
• Affirmative tu commands+irregulars+pronoun
  placement
• Negative tu commands+irregulars+pronoun placement
• Sequencing Events
Nationalities
Stem changers
• Boot verbs change only inside the boot
          • Contar      Cuento
 O-ue                            Boot verbs change only inside the
                                 boot:
          • Pensar     Pienso
  E- ie                            Almuerzo       Almorzamos
                                   Almuerzas      Almorzais
                                   Almuerza       Almuerzan
          • Pedir    Pido
  E- i

          •Jugar     Juego
 U- ue
Pronoun Placement
Attach pronoun to a progressive
tense

   Attach a pronoun to an
   affirmative command Ex: dimela

       Attach the pronoun to the
       infinitive Ex: comprarle

           Place the pronoun before a
           conjugated verb Ex: le compra
IOP

     Yo - Me                Nosotros - Nos




     Tu - Te                  Vosotros - Os




El, Ella, Ud. - Le         Ellas, Ellos, Uds. - Les
Gustar
                 Singular                                         Plural


Yo:                           Nosotros:           Yo:                  Nosotros:
Me gusta                      Nos gusta           Me gustan            Nos gustan


Tu:                           Vosotros:           Tu:                  Vosotros:
Te gusta                      Os gusta            Te Gustan            Os gustan


El, Ella, Ud.:              Ellos, Ellas, Uds.:   El, Ella, Ud:        Ello, Ellas, Uds.:
Le gusta                    Les gusta             Le gustan            Les gustan
Affirmative/ Negative words
   Affirmative                   Negative


Algo-                        Nada-
Something                    Nothing

                             Nadie-
Alguien-
                             No one
Someone

                             Ningun/Ninguno-
Algun/Alguno-
                             None/ Not only
Same

Siempre-                     Nunca-
Always                       Never


Tambien-                     Tampoco-
Also                         Neither
Superlatives
-isimo, -isimos, -isima, & -isimas are
added to adverbs and adjectives



  Adjectives & Adverbs ending in C,G,
  or Z change spelling to –qu, - gu, & -c
  respectively. Ex: Rico--- Riquisimo

  Adjectives and adverbs ending in –n or
  –r form by adding –cisimo(a). Ex:
  Joven--- Jovencisimo
Reflexives
Can come before a conjugated verb or attached to an infinitive. Ex: se lava or lavarse



 Yo- Me                            Nosotros- Nos



                                   Vosotros- Os
 Tu- Te




 El, Ella, Ud.- Se                 Ellos, Ellas, Uds.- Se
Affirmative tu
      commands+irregulars+pronoun
             placement
Rules:              Venir     Ven
1) Drop the “s”     Tener     Ten
                    Poner     Pon
                    Salir     Sal
                    Hacer     Haz
                    Decir      Di
                    Ir        Ve
                    Ser       Se
Negative tu
   commands+irregulars+pronoun
          placement

Rules            Venir   no Vengas
1)Put into Yo    Tener   no Tengas
                 Poner   no Pongas
form             Salir    no Salgas
2) Chande        Hacer    no Hagas
the vowel        Decir    no Digas
                 Ir       no Vegas
3)Add “s”        Ser       no Seas
Sequencing events
  Primero:                            Por la manana/
                      Por Fin:
  First                               tarde/ noche:
                      Finally
                                      In/ during the…




 Entonces:           Antes de/
 Then                Despues de:
                     Before/ After




Luego/Despues:      Los Lunes, etc:
After               On… (a day)

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Grammar book sp2 h

  • 2. Table of Contents • Nationalities • Stem changers • Object Pronoun Placement • Indirect Object Pronouns • Gustar • Affirmative/ Negative Words • Superlatives • Reflexives • Affirmative tu commands+irregulars+pronoun placement • Negative tu commands+irregulars+pronoun placement • Sequencing Events
  • 4. Stem changers • Boot verbs change only inside the boot • Contar Cuento O-ue Boot verbs change only inside the boot: • Pensar Pienso E- ie Almuerzo Almorzamos Almuerzas Almorzais Almuerza Almuerzan • Pedir Pido E- i •Jugar Juego U- ue
  • 5. Pronoun Placement Attach pronoun to a progressive tense Attach a pronoun to an affirmative command Ex: dimela Attach the pronoun to the infinitive Ex: comprarle Place the pronoun before a conjugated verb Ex: le compra
  • 6. IOP Yo - Me Nosotros - Nos Tu - Te Vosotros - Os El, Ella, Ud. - Le Ellas, Ellos, Uds. - Les
  • 7. Gustar Singular Plural Yo: Nosotros: Yo: Nosotros: Me gusta Nos gusta Me gustan Nos gustan Tu: Vosotros: Tu: Vosotros: Te gusta Os gusta Te Gustan Os gustan El, Ella, Ud.: Ellos, Ellas, Uds.: El, Ella, Ud: Ello, Ellas, Uds.: Le gusta Les gusta Le gustan Les gustan
  • 8. Affirmative/ Negative words Affirmative Negative Algo- Nada- Something Nothing Nadie- Alguien- No one Someone Ningun/Ninguno- Algun/Alguno- None/ Not only Same Siempre- Nunca- Always Never Tambien- Tampoco- Also Neither
  • 9. Superlatives -isimo, -isimos, -isima, & -isimas are added to adverbs and adjectives Adjectives & Adverbs ending in C,G, or Z change spelling to –qu, - gu, & -c respectively. Ex: Rico--- Riquisimo Adjectives and adverbs ending in –n or –r form by adding –cisimo(a). Ex: Joven--- Jovencisimo
  • 10. Reflexives Can come before a conjugated verb or attached to an infinitive. Ex: se lava or lavarse Yo- Me Nosotros- Nos Vosotros- Os Tu- Te El, Ella, Ud.- Se Ellos, Ellas, Uds.- Se
  • 11. Affirmative tu commands+irregulars+pronoun placement Rules: Venir Ven 1) Drop the “s” Tener Ten Poner Pon Salir Sal Hacer Haz Decir Di Ir Ve Ser Se
  • 12. Negative tu commands+irregulars+pronoun placement Rules Venir no Vengas 1)Put into Yo Tener no Tengas Poner no Pongas form Salir no Salgas 2) Chande Hacer no Hagas the vowel Decir no Digas Ir no Vegas 3)Add “s” Ser no Seas
  • 13. Sequencing events Primero: Por la manana/ Por Fin: First tarde/ noche: Finally In/ during the… Entonces: Antes de/ Then Despues de: Before/ After Luego/Despues: Los Lunes, etc: After On… (a day)