A tornado is a violently rotating column of air in contact with the ground. While a visible condensation funnel is not required, a tornado must have circulation touching the ground. Tornadoes can have wind speeds between 40 and over 300 mph and form through a process called tornadogenesis. The deadliest tornadoes on record include the 1925 Tri-State Tornado that killed 695 people across multiple states and the 2011 Joplin, Missouri tornado that killed 158 people and destroyed over a thousand structures.