1. THE SYSTEM CONCEPT IN A BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs structure and/or behavior.
Alternatively, and usually in the context of complex social systems, the term institution is used to
describe the set of rules that govern structure and/or behavior
A systemis a set of interacting or interdependent component parts forming a complex/intricate
whole. Every system is delineated by its spatial and temporal boundaries, surrounded and
influenced by its environment, described by its structure and purpose and expressed in its
functioning.
Systems share common characteristics, including:
 A system has structure, it contains parts (or components) that are directly or indirectly
related to each other;
 A system has behavior, it exhibits processes that fulfill its function or purpose;
 A system has interconnectivity: the parts and processes are connected by structural and/or
behavioral relationships;
 A system's structure and behavior may be decomposed via subsystems and sub-processes
to elementary parts and process steps;
 A system has behavior that, in relativity to its surroundings, may be categorized as both
fast and strong.
The term system may also refer to a set of rules that governs structure and/or behavior.
Alternatively, and usually in the context of complex social systems, the term institution is used to
describe the set of rules that govern structure and/or behavior. Following are considered as the
elements of a system in terms of Information systems:
1. Input
2. Output
3. Processor
4. Control
5. Feedback

2. 6. Boundary and interface
7. Environment
BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION
Unilever Ghana is Ghana’s leading manufacturer of fast moving consumer goods and is one of
Ghana’s leading corporate citizens. It all began in 1787 when two European trading firms,
Swanzy and King arrived in the Gold Coast. They later merged in 1931 to form the nucleus of
the United Africa Company of Gold Coast (UAC) with a strong commitment to the socio-
economic development of the nation - trading, manufacturing, agriculture and real estate. In
1963, UAC established Lever Brothers, a consumer goods manufacturing business. Unilever
Ghana came into being on July 14, 1992 when the two significant and complimentary Unilever
PLC subsidiaries, UAC Ghana Limited, reputed for excellence in marketing and distribution, and
Lever Brothers Ghana Limited which is strong in manufacturing, merged to form Unilever
Ghana Limited. Their mission, adding vitality to life is what sets us apart. They offer consumers
options that help them feel good, look good and get more out of life across our foods, home and
personal care brands.
THE INPUTS OF THE SYSTEM
Input involves capturing and assembling elements that enter the system to be processed. The inputs are
said to be fed to the systems in order to get the output. Tends to adapt to changes in external
environment for survival and growth. These are some of their inputs into the system; qualify skilled
personnel’s, machineries, tools and equipment, raw materials (palmoil,paperandboard,soy,sugar, tea,
sunfloweroil,rapeseedoil,dairyingredientsandcocoaetc.) and many more.

3. THE OUTPUT OF THE SYSTEM
Elements that exists in the system due to the processing of the inputs is known as output. A major
objective of a system is to produce output that has value to its user. It is the anticipatory recognition of
output that helps in defining the input of the system. The output of the system in Chirano Gold Mines
Limited are of Axe/Lynx,Dove, Omo,Becel/Flora, Heartbrandice creams, Hellmann's,Knorr,Lipton,
Lux, Magnum, Rama, Rexona,Sunsilk andSurf,sunlight, good results, and expectation etc.
THE SUBSYSTEM
A subsystem is a set of elements, which is a system itself, and a component of a larger system. They are
smaller units or departments in the organization. The subsystem in CGML are:
 Marketing department:isresponsibleforthe salesanddistributionof the productstothe
differentregions.Itisresponsible formarketresearchandtestingnew productstomake sure
that theyare suitable tobe sold. Promotionsessiondecidesonthe type of promotionmethod
for the products,arrangesadvertisementsandthe advertising mediaused.
 Finance Department: Keepsrecordsof the purchasesandsalesmade bya businessaswell as
capital spending. PreparingFinal Accounts thusProfitand lossaccountand Balance Sheets.The
wagessectionof the finance departmentwill be responsible forcalculatingthe wagesand
salariesof employeesandorganizingthe collectionof income tax andnational insurance forthe
InlandRevenue.
 Production Department:The productiondepartmentisresponsibleforconvertinginputsinto
outputsthroughthe stagesof productionprocesses.The ProductionManagerisresponsible for
makingsure that raw materialsare providedandmade intofinishedgoodseffectively.He orshe
mustmake sure that workiscarriedout smoothly,andmustsupervise proceduresfor making
workmore efficientandmore enjoyable.
 Human Resources Department:The human resources department is a critical component of
employee well-being in any business, no matter how skillful the employee is. HR responsibilities
include payroll, benefits, hiring, firing, and keeping up to date with state and federaltax laws.

4.  Supply Department:It’s responsible for the procure of raw materials, goods, works and service
and control production and distribution of supplies where their conservation is necessary
 Administrative Department:they run the day-to-day activities of the company.
THE SYSTEM ENVIRONMENT
Systems environment are elements surroundingthe system. It is outside the system and
interact with the system. The elements are
 Government: A governmentpolicystatementisadeclarationof a government'spolitical
activities,plansandintentionsrelatingtothe businessenvironment.
 Suppliers: their supply chainisbasedonour supplierpolicyandvariousguidelinesfor
responsible sourcing.
 International law: is the setof rulesgenerallyregardedandacceptedasbindinginrelations
betweenstatesandbetweennations.Itservesasa frameworkforthe practice of stable and
organized international relations.
 Technological advancement
 Legislation/ legal policy: these are the legal disciplines,includingtax law,intellectual
property,real estate,sales,employmentlaw,bankruptcy,andothers.
 Competitors
 Community
IMPORTANCE OF SYSTEM CONCEPT TO MANAGEMENT OF THE
ORGANIZATION.
 Is to ensure that managers understand what is expected of them.
 Is to ensure that managers agreeing with the objectives against which their
performance will be measured and the level of competence required in their roles.
 Is to encourage managers to carry out their personal development plans and also to
ensure that they receive the required training development programs.
 Is to identify managers with potential skills, experience etc.
 Is to provide for management succession, creating a system in place to keep this
under review.