Zakaat

3
List of contents
1. Zakaat - Monetary devotion
2. Zakaat - It’s various aspects
3. Zakaat - Benefits of paying
it
4. Zakaat - It’s types
5. Zakaat - Conditions to be
met
6. Nisaab - Poverty threshold
7. Zakaat – Method of
distribution
8. Zakaat - It’s beneficiaries
9. Zakaat - Contraindications
10. Zakaat - Defaulters
11. Sadaqah – Voluntary charity
12. Conclusion

5
The Quran says :-
“Of their goods take alms, that so you might purify and
sanctify them; and pray on their behalf, verily your
prayers are a source of security for them”
Surah Al-Taubah, Verse: 103

6
Sahih Al Bukhari : Volume 2,
Book 24, Hadith number 573
The Prophet saw
said to his Companion
Mu`adh, when he was sent to Yemen as
governor :
“Tell them that Allah has made zakaat
obligatory for them, that it should be collected
from the rich and distributed among the poor”

7
What is Zakaat ?
Arabic verb : , zakah
Is the Islamic concept of tithing and alms
The third Pillar of Islam
A duty enjoined by Allah and undertaken by
Muslims in the interest of society as a whole

8
What does Zakaat mean ?
Literally means blessing or purification or
increase and goodness
Because it blesses the wealth from which it is
taken and protects it from misfortunes
Ibn Taimiah said, “The soul of one who gives
Zakaat is blessed and so is his wealth”

9
Technically Zakaat is
defined as
“A determined portion taken from wealth and
allocated to those deserving it, by a Quranic
injunction”
“Of their goods take alms, that so you might purify
and sanctify them; and pray on their behalf, verily
your prayers are a source of security for them”
Surah Al Taubah, Verse: 103

10
Zakaat : A Major Religious Duty
It purifies a Muslim's wealth and soul
Wealth purification denotes the mobilization of assets
for the purpose of financial growth and justified
distribution
Purification of the soul implies freedom from hatred,
jealousy, selfishness, uneasiness and greed

11
Zakaat is Farz
Anyone who denies it being Farz (compulsory)
loses his Imaan
But if he recognizes Zakaat as being Farz yet
neglects this duty he will be termed a Faasiq
(Transgressor)

12
More about Zakaat
A fixed proportion collected from surplus wealth and
earnings
Distributed to prescribed beneficiaries and for the
welfare of a Muslim society in general
This contribution is made payable once every lunar
year

13
What is surplus wealth ?
The net balance after a Muslim has
spent on basic necessities, family
expenses, due credits, donations
and taxes

14
Rate of Zakaat
Every Muslim male or female who at the end
of the Hijri year is in possession of the
equivalent of 7.5 tolas of gold or 52.5 tolas of
silver or more in cash or articles of trade,
must pay Zakaat at the minimum rate of
2.5%

15
Therefore Zakaat is :
A transfer of possessions and not a favor or a
gift, given by the owner to the deserving, in
accordance with the Qur'an and the Sunnah
Considered In a Specified Portion of the
wealth, determined according to specific
principles

16
Therefore Zakaat is :
Not due on all types of wealth as there are
conditions that should be fulfilled in order to
pay zakaat on one's wealth
Due on wealth that has fulfilled the nisab
(minimum amount of one's holding that is
liable to zakaat)

17
The Principle of Zakaat
Everything belongs to Allah, and wealth is a trust
Possessions are purified by setting aside a proportion
for the needy and for the society in general
Ensures social justice, reduces differences among
social classes and guarantees sufficient equalization

18
Only legitimate wealth to be used
Quran, surah Al Baqarah, Verse 267


19
Quran, surah Al Baqarah : 267
O ye who believe ! Spend of the good things
which you have earned, and of that which
We bring forth from the earth for you, and
seek not the bad (with intent) to spend
thereof (in charity) when you would not take it
for yourselves save with disdain; and know
that Allah is Absolute, Owner of Praise.

20
Zakaat recipients are never to
be reminded of the payment :
Ordered by the Quran, surah Al Baqarah : 264

21
Quran, surah Al Baqarah : 264
“O you who believe! do not make your charity
worthless by reproach and injury, like him who
spends his property to be seen of men and
does not believe in Allah and the last day; so
his parable is as the parable of a smooth rock
with earth upon it, then a heavy rain falls upon
it, so it leaves it bare; they shall not be able to
gain anything of what they have earned; and
Allah does not guide the unbelieving people”

22
Zakaat best said to be
The recognized right
of the poor in the
wealth that Allah has
bestowed upon the
rich

23
The Results of paying Zakaat :-
 Gaining the pleasure of Allah
 It contributes to barkat in wealth
 Protection from losses
 Safety from calamities

24
 A cause is established for Allah's forgiveness
and blessings
 Security from seventy misfortunes
 It saves from fear and grief

25
 Protection from the wrath of Allah and from a
bad death
 The Zakaat will provide a shelter on the Day
of Judgement
 It will serve as a shield from the fires of
Jahannam

27
The spiritual aspect of Zakaat
Quran, Surah Al Taubah, Verse 103

Of their goods, take alms, that you might purify and
sanctify them; and pray on their behalf. Verily your
prayers are a source of security for them: And Allah
is One Who hears and knows
I

28
The spiritual aspect of Zakaat
Keeps the wealthy, clean monetarily from sin
and excess
It is a form of Sadaqa (charity) which is
obligatory on financially able Muslims
It is a Spiritual investment

29
II
Zakaat is also a form of worship
Zakaat is one of those unique forms of
worship that bring out both the individual and
the social aspects of ibadah (worship)

30
Zakaat is also a form of worship
The Quran mentions zakaat, together with salaat,
as a form of worship
So establish regular Prayer and give regular
Charity; and obey the Messenger; that you may
receive mercy.
Quran, Surah An Nur, Verse 56

31
Zakaat And Salaat
Zakaat mentioned along with Salaat in 82 Quranic
verses
First revealed in Surah Al Muzzamil: Verse 20

32
Surah Al Muzzamil: Verse 20
".... and establish regular prayers and give
regular charity; and loan to Allah a beautiful
loan. And whatever good you send forth for
your souls, you shall find it in Allah's
presence, Yea, better and greater in reward
and seek the grace of Allah: for Allah is oft-
forgiving, Most Merciful."

33
The socio-political value of Zakaat
It frees society from ill feelings arising out of class hatred
Opposes individualism that is blind to the travails of one’s
neighbors and stands against a socialism that shackles
individual freedom
Fosters neither selfishness nor renunciation
Promotes solidarity and establishes social cohesion
III

35
Benefits of paying Zakaat
It purifies from envy and greed
“ By no means shall you attain righteousness (and
reward) unless you spend of that which you love ”
(Quran, Surah Aal Imran Verse 92)
By responding to this call, the believers reach the
peak of spending and the noblest of generosity, and
the good within the self overcomes the evil

36
It serves to help the weak
When zakaat is paid on wealth, one fulfills a
responsibility towards society and the needy in
complies with Allah’s instructions

37
Improves an individual's social spirit
Is a practical expression of Islamic brotherhood
The Prophet saw
said :
“ The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion and
sympathy are just like one body. When one of the limbs is
afflicted, the whole body responds to it with sleeplessness
and fever ”
(Bukhari and Muslim)

38
It cleanses sins
Zakaat brings forth the good and Allah's Mercy
“And My Mercy embraces all things. That I
shall ordain for those who are righteous and give
zakaat, and those who believe in our verses and
signs .”
(Quran, Surah Al Araf, Verse156)

39
It spreads tranquility and peace
Zakaat is social security for the
weak and a protection for the
society against disintegration

40
It improves one's personality
Paying zakaat and helping other Muslims
makes one more comfortable with his role in
the community
One feels victorious over his weakness (like
greed) and Satan, who try to keep one away
from doing good deeds

41
It brings about love
When people learn about the wealthy paying
zakaat and their willingness to help others,
they quite naturally begin to love them
because of this

42
It purifies wealth
The Prophet saw
said, “ Whenever people refrain from
paying the zakaat due on their wealth, they will be
deprived of rain. If it were not for the sake of their
cattle, they would not receive rain.”
(Ibn Majah and Al-Hakim)
Only by paying the right of Allah and the right of the
poor is wealth purified and made safe from
decreasing or from destruction

43
It is a test from Allah to his servants
People naturally love wealth, but the sign of true
faith is to sacrifice what is loved for the sake of Allah
Thus zakaat is a critical test of one's faith

44
It motivates hard work
Incites people to work, earn and give charity
Promotes loyalty to their community
Strengthens community and unites its members

46
There are two main type of
Zakaat
Zakaat on self or individual
(zakaat ul fitr or fitra or sadaqat ul fitr)
&
Zakaat on wealth
(zakaat ul maal)

47
Origin of Zakaat ul Fitr
It’s origin can be dated to the month of
Shabaan in the second year of Hijra
Ibn Umar said :
“Allah’s Messenger enjoined the payment of
one Sa` of dates or one Sa` of barley as
Zakaat ul Fitr on every Muslim slave or free,
male or female, young or old, and he ordered
that it be paid before the people went out to
offer the Eid prayer.”

48
The amount of Sa`
Sa` is a certain measure which equals 4
mudds (a mudd equals a handful of an
average man)
Ministries of religious affairs in Muslim
countries and mosques and Islamic centres
in Western countries announce the value of
Zakaat ul Fitr every year

49
Zakaat ul Fitr
Due once every Muslim Hijri calendar year at any
time between the first of Ramzan and the first of
Shawwal
All Muslims are obliged to pay, regardless of their
age, status or wealth
The amount payable is approximately 3 kg of staple
food in the relevant country or an amount of money
that is equivalent to the price of the food

50
Zakaat ul Fitr
Its purpose is to purify one who fasts from any
indecent act or speech and to help the poor and
needy
Al-Baihaqi relates from Ibn Umar who said :
“The Messenger of Allah, upon whom be peace,
enjoined the Zakaat ul Fitr, and also said: 'Free them
from want on this day.”

51
Hadith reported by Abu Dawud
“The Messenger of Allah saw
enjoined
Zakaat ul Fitr on the one who fasts to shield
one's self from any indecent act or speech
and for the purpose of providing food for the
needy. It is accepted as Zakaat for the
person who pays it before the Eid Salaat,
and it is sadaqah for the one who pays it
after the Salaat”

52
Zakaat ul Maal
Annual payment based on the wealth of a Muslim
(individual or organization)
Obligatory upon any Muslim individual or
organization that has completed the requirement
of Nisaab and Haul
Payment is 2.5% of the total wealth deemed for
Zakaat

53
Zakaat ul Maal can be
subdivided into Zakaats on
 Business
 Rental Income
 Personal Income
 Savings

54
Zakaat ul Maal can be
subdivided into Zakaats on
 Gold and Silver
 Shares
 Livestock
 Crop

56
Hadith At- Tirmizhi
The Prophet saw
said
"I swear upon three (things) and ask you to
memorize my words: Sadaqah taken from a
property never decreases it; a man who
suffers injustice and is patient with it, Allah
will grant him strength; a man who starts
begging, Allah will cause him to be poor."

57
Conditions of Zakaat
Islamic Shariah lays down conditions that
must be realized to make Zakaat due
These were identified with the aim of granting
some facilities to the owner, so that he might
give Zakaat willingly

58
On whom is zakaat farz ?
Zakaat is Farz upon a person if :
He is a Muslim
He is an adult
He is a sane person
He is a free person - not a slave
He owns wealth intended for trading to the value
of Nisaab

59
Criteria of the wealth on which
Zakaat is paid
Full ownership
In excess of one’s personal needs (clothing,
household furniture, utensils and cars etc.
are termed as articles of personal use)
It should be possessed for a complete lunar
year (Haul)

60
Criteria of the wealth on which
Zakaat is paid
Be of a productive nature from which he can
derive profit or benefit such as merchandise
for business, gold, silver, live-stock, etc
There is no Zakaat on effects that are not of a
productive nature

62
Reaching Nisaab
(Minimum Amount Liable to
Zakaat)
The amount of wealth which makes one liable for
Zakaat is known as Nisaab
Zakaat is compulsory on the wealth or assets which
is
equal to or exceeds the value of Nisaab
and
which is possessed for a full Islamic year (Haul)

63
According to a Hadith
“ Gold is not liable to Zakaat unless it
reaches twenty dinars. Once it reaches this
amount, half a dinar must be paid as Zakaat
on it. Likewise, silver is not counted for
Zakaat unless it reaches two hundred
dirhams. Once it reaches this value, an
amount of five dirhams must be paid as
Zakaat on it ”

64
Inference of preceding Hadith
Based on this Hadith the Nisaab of gold
counted for Zakaat is twenty dinars (85
grams) of fine gold, while the Nisaab of
silver is two hundred dirhams (595 grams)
of fine silver
.

65
Nisaab of gold and silver fixed by
Rasulullah Sallallaho Alaihe Wa
Sallam
Nisab Grams Tolas
Gold 20 Dinars 85 7.5
Silver 200 Dirhams 595 52.5

66
Rate of Zakaat
The rate of Zakaat which was fixed by
Rasulullah (Sallallaho Alaihe Wa Sallam)
is 2.5% (1/40)

67
Paying Zakaat
Zakaat becomes due upon reaching the Nisaab
or more than it
Any decrease or insufficiency in between is
overlooked
Any increase of property after reaching the
Nisaab during the year is to be included for
Zakaat

69
Method of distribution
Zakaat is Fardh at the rate of 2.5%
Should be given as soon as it becomes due
A poor man cannot be paid for his work from
Zakaat, nor can Zakaat be given in payment of
anyone's services, except when an Islamic
government pays salaries to persons
appointed by the government to collect Zakaat

70
Zakaat will only be valid if the recipient is made
the owner of that amount
Zakaat cannot be used for the construction of a
masjid
Poor students can be given a bursary from
Zakaat

71
Authority can be delegated to another person
or an organization for the distribution of
Zakaat
It is Afzal (best) to give one's Zakaat when it is
due, rather than wait for Ramzaan

73
Allah has revealed the
beneficiaries of Zakaat in the Quran
Quran, Surah Al- Taubah, Verse 60

74
Quran, Surah Al Taubah : 60
“Alms are only for the poor and the needy,
and the officials (appointed) over them, and
those whose hearts are made to incline (to
truth) and the (ransoming of) captives and
those in debts and in the way of Allah and
the wayfarer; an ordinance from Allah; and
Allah is knowing, Wise ”

75
Distribution of Zakaat
Can only be distributed to one of the eight eligible
beneficiaries (asnaf) mentioned in the Quran
Poor and needy relatives should be given preference
Where there is no central authority to administer
zakaat, it can be paid directly to the needy

76
Category 1 : Faqir/Fuqaraa
The poor
Those without any means of livelihood and
material possessions

77
Category 2 : Masakeen
The needy
Those without sufficient means of
livelihood to meet their basic
necessities
(e.g. those who may have a job, a house and
a car, but whose income is below the
minimum requirement)

78
Category 3 : Al Aamileen
Persons appointed by an Islamic Head of State
or Government to collect Zakaat
It is not necessary that this be a needy person

79
Category 4 : MU ALLAFATUL
QULOOB
People who have recently accepted
Islam and are in need of basic
necessities who would benefit from
encouragement by the Muslims which
would help to strengthen their faith in
Islam

80
Category 5 : Ar Riqaab
Those slaves that are permitted to work
for remuneration and have an agreement
from their masters to purchase their
freedom on payment of fixed amounts

81
Category 6 : Al Gharimeen
Those who are in debt
Zakaat can be used to pay off the debts of one
who has borrowed to pay for basic necessities
so that he/she can lead a normal life
Zakaat can also be distributed to those in
financial difficulties e.g. bankruptcy due to the
loss of employment and heavy debt

82
Category 7 : Fee Sabeelillah
For the cause of Allah
Those who have to carry out a Farz deed and
who due to poverty are unable to
Charitable works (running schools, hospitals)

83
Category 8 : Ibnus Sabeel
Musaafirs stranded during a journey
Zakaat can also be used to help a traveller facing
difficulties in continuing his journey
(e.g. due to loss of money or the break down of his
vehicles, the repair of which he cannot afford etc)

84
Important point
All the mentioned recipients excluding Al
Aamileen must be those who do not
possess the Nisaab

86
For Muslims only
 It will have to be given to a Muslim
 All forms of charity can be given to a kaafir
except the following: zakaat, ushr, zakaat ul
fitr, nazr, and kaffarah

87
People not eligible
 These people include the wealthy
 The strong and healthy that are capable of
working and earning

88
Zakaat funds cannot be used for
 Building of a masjid
 Shrouding and burial of a dead person
 Payment of debts on behalf of a dead person

89
For certain relatives only
 Not for ascendants. i.e. parents, maternal or
paternal grandparents and even great
grandparents
 Not for descendants i.e. children, grand-
children etc
 Wife can give Zakaat to the husband but
husband cannot give Zakaat to his wife

90
The family or descendents of
the Prophet saw

 It is not permissible to give zakaat to the
progeny of Hazrat Fatimah ra,
, Hazrat Ali ra
,
Hazrat Abbas ra
, Hazrat Jafar ra
, Hazrat Aqeel
ra
, Hazrat Harith bin Abdul Muttalib ra
 Charities made wajib by the Shariah cannot
be given to them either eg nazr, kaffarah,
ushr, sadaqatul fitr

92
The punishment for not
giving Zakaat. Surah Taubah
: 34 - 35



93
Quran, Surah Taubah, Verse 34
“O you who believe! most surely many of the
doctors of law and the monks eat away the
property of men falsely, and turn (them) from
Allah's way; and (as for) those who hoard up gold
and silver and do not spend it in Allah's way,
announce to them a painful chastisement ”

94
Quran, Surah Taubah, Verse 35
“ On the day when it shall be heated in the
fire of hell, then their foreheads and their
sides and their backs shall be branded with
it; this is what you hoarded up for
yourselves, therefore taste what you
hoarded ”

95
Rasulullah sallallahu alayhi wa sallam
has said
“The person who has been given wealth
by Allah Ta'ala and despite this does not
give Zakaat for it, then on the day of
judgement this wealth of his will be
turned into a huge poisonous snake which
will encircle his neck. It will then tear the
sides of his mouth apart and tell him: ‘I
am your wealth and I am your treasures’.”
Bukhari Vol 6 Book 60 : 88

96
Withholding Zakaat is oppression.
Quran, Surah Taubah verse 5 :

97
Surah Taubah, verse 5
“But when the forbidden months are past,
then fight and slay the Pagans wherever
ye find them, an seize them, beleaguer
them, and lie in wait for them in every
stratagem (of war); but if they repent,
and establish regular prayers and
practice regular charity, then open the
way for them: for God is Oft-forgiving,
Most Merciful”

98
War waged against non-payers
on basis of this Quranic verse :
Thus, one who withholds a right is an
oppressor of his brother
The latter is the possessor of that right
On this basis, Hazrat Abu Bakr as Siddiq ra
has waged war against those who refused to
pay their zakaat

100
Giving more in Charity
The Quran and the Hadith also suggest a
Muslim give even more as an act of
voluntary alms giving - sadaqah, for
additional divine reward

101
Quran, Surah Al Baqarah : 177

102
Surah Al Baqarah, verse 177
“It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces Towards
east or West; but it is righteousness to believe in God
and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and
the Messengers; to spend of your substance, out of love
for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for
the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of
slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular
charity; to fulfill the contracts which ye have made; and
to be firm and patient, in pain and adversity, and
throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of
truth, the God-fearing”

103
Al Qurtubi’s interpretation of Al
Baqarah verse 177 :
“The saying of Allah, the Exalted One :
‘And to spend of your wealth out of love
for Him’
gives credence to those who maintain that
there is a due on wealth other than zakaat
known as maal addir”

104
Imam Muhammad 'Abduh's
comments are :
“ The giving of property in excess of the due
zakaat is considered one of the basic
elements of piety (birr) and is enjoined like
the prescribed zakaat ”

105
Voluntary charity
Whenever the exigency calls for it, sadaqah
other than zakaat is given
That could be before the completion of the
year (hawl) or after the payment of zakaat
The contribution is not based on a specific
amount of nisab but on the ability to give

106
Voluntary charity
Thus, if someone has only a loaf of bread
and sees a person who is more in need than
himself, he should give it to that person.
The needy are not the only one who has a
right to be satisfied, but Allah has also
ordered the believers to give non-
prescribed sadaqat to the following: kin,
orphans, needy, wayfarers, beggars, and
slaves

107
Sadaqah or Infaq Fi Sabilillah
Voluntary charity given by individuals over
and above the payment of the compulsory
Zakaat to relieve the problems and
sufferings of fellow human beings

108
According to Sahih Bukhari
Volume 2, Book 24, Number 504
Sadaqah must be given in such a way that
“even the left hand of the donor does not
know what the right hand gives”

109
Zakaat vs Sadaqah
Give obligatory Zakaat (poor- due) openly to
encourage others to follow suit but voluntary
Sadaqah (alms) in utmost secrecy

111
Regular charity is a Social
Security
If dues of charity are collected as the
Revelation specifies, it would be enough to
meet the needs of the deprived classes

112
Regular charity is a Social
Security
Regular charity, as a social security leads to a
state of balance among the different classes of
society
– and Islam was the first to put it into effect !

Zakaat

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