Gender disagregated data

4
Bibliography No. 2
Annotated Bibliography on Statistical
Methodologies for the Collection,
Analysis and Presentation of Gender-
Disaggregated Data
Briefing prepared for the British Council Regional Office for West
Africa
September 1994
The authors gratefully acknowledge support for the preparation of this bibliography from
the British Council Regional Office for West Africa. However, the views expressed and
any errors or omissions are those of the authors and not of the British Council Regional
Office for West Africa
.
BRIDGE (development - gender)
Institute of Development Studies
University of Sussex
Brighton BN1 9RE, UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1273 606261
Fax: +44 (0) 1273 621202/691647
Email: bridge@ids.ac.uk
Website: http://www.ids.ac.uk/bridge
ISBN: 1 85864 135 7
© Institute of Development Studies, Brighton

5
CONTENTS
PAGE NO.
INTRODUCTION 4
BIBLIOGRAPHY 5
1. TOPICS 5
I General 5
II Economic Activity 11
a) General 11
b) Labour force participation 14
c) Wage differentials, household income, consumption, savings 16
d) Informal sector 17
III Health 19
IV Demography 20
2. REGIONAL CASE STUDIES AND CONFERENCES 23
I Africa 23
a) General 23
b) Economic Activity 24
c) Marriage 25
II Asia 26
a) General 26
b) Economic activity 28
c) Poverty 31
d) Intrahousehold resource allocation 32
III Middle East 33
a) General 33
b) Economic Activity 34
IV Latin America 35
V Pacific 35
a) General 35
VI Eastern Europe 37
VII Western Europe, United States, Canada, New Zealand 37
a) General 37
c) Fertility and family surveys
39
VIII Cross-regional studies and conferences 40
a) Economic activity 40
b) Intrahousehold resource allocation 42

6
INTRODUCTION
This bibliographic search on statistical methodologies for the collection of gender
disaggregated data was prepared by BRIDGE (Briefings in Development and
Gender, IDS) for the British Council Regional Office for West Africa. The
bibliography is intended to support a project to improve the capacity of the
Federal Office of Statistics (Nigeria) in collecting, analysing and presenting
gender disaggregated data.
The following databases were searched: British Library for Development Studies;
Women's Information Service of the United Nations; International Development
Research Centre Library Catalogue; British Library for Political and Economic
Science Library; CABI Abstracts; Geobase; Library of Congress; Sociological
Abstracts; Labordoc; MathSci.
The output of these databases is varied in both content and format, ranging from
references with keywords, to full abstracts. The uneven format of the
bibliography reflects this variation in output. A few additional references, located
manually in bibliographies, have been added. In these cases, only the
bibliographic reference is given.
The references are arranged under main and sub-headings. Main headings divide
into topics; and regional cases studies and conferences. Subheadings under each
of these include general, economic activity, poverty, and so on. Some
subheadings are further sub-divided where there are a lot of references. Within
each sub-section, references are arranged in no specific order.
The bias of the material found was towards economic activity, with some
references also on health and demographic statistics. Little, if any, specific
reference in the literature was found to gender disaggregated statistics in the areas
of education, political representation and participation, or legal systems and
criminality. This indicates either that more specialised searches would be needed
to locate literature in these areas, or that little methodological literature exists on
gender-disaggregated data collection in these spheres.

7
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. TOPICS
I General
Accounting for women's work : the progress of two decades. //
IN: World development (GB) 20,no.11 (1992): 1547-60.
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Benería, Lourdes
DESCRIPTORS: /women workers/ /labour force/ /work at home/ /women's role/
/data collecting/ /statistical analysis//evaluation/
SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [RESERVE COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: (32) WORLD DEVELOPMENT. - 20,no.11 (1992): 1547-60.
Record no: 101255
Statistics on women. -- Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1990. -- iii,
221 p. -- INSTRAW/SER.A/22
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Joint INSTRAW / ECE Meeting on Statistics on
Women (2nd : 1989 : Geneva, Switzerland) International Research and Training
Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW) United Nations. Economic
Commission for Europe
DESCRIPTORS: /Europe/ /United States/ /women/ /statistics/
/data collecting/ - /women workers/ /labour force/ /women's participation/
/economic and social development/
SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND
TRAINING INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN. Joint
INSTRAW/ECE Meeting on Statistics on Women, 2nd,
Geneva, 1989. Statistics on women.
Improving statistics and indicators on women using household
surveys / Department of International Economic and Social Affairs,
Statistical Office and International Research and Training Institute
for the Advancement of Women. -- New York : UN, 1988. -- vii, 148 p.
-- (Studies in methods. Series F / United Nations, Statistical
Office ; no. 48). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/48. -- Sales No. E.88.XVII.11
. -- ISBN 92-1-161297-7

8
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical Office International
Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
DESCRIPTORS: /women/ /statistics/ /indicators/ /household surveys/
/data collecting/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/48 Record no: 13742
Handbook for national statistical data bases on women and
development. -- New York : UN, 1990. -- viii, 119 p. -- (Social
statistics and indicators, Series K ; no. 6). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.K/6
. -- Sales No. E.89.XVII.9. -- ISBN 92-1-161308-6
PERSONAL AUTHOR: McFarlane, Carmen.
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical Office
DESCRIPTORS: /women/ /statistics/ /statistical data/ /data banks/
/statistical services/ /national level/ /data
collecting/ /methodology/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STA/SER.K/6
Record no: 85296
Gender and third world development. Module 1, Socio-economic
statistics. -- Brighton : IDS, [1991]. -- 78 p. + tutor notes. --
ISBN 0-9037-15-50-3
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Evans, Alison
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Institute of Development Studies (Brighton,
England)
Commission of the European Communities
DESCRIPTORS: /economic and social development/ /sex/ /women/
/women's role/ /economic statistics/ /social
statistics/ /training/ /teaching aids/
OTHER TERMS:[gender]
SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [RESERVE COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: IDS. Gender and third world development. Module 1 ...
Record no: 83946

9
Improving concepts and methods for statistics and indicators on the
situation of women
-- New York : UN, 1984. -- 79 p. -- (Studies in methods / United
Nations, Statistical Office. Series F ; no. 33). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/33
The present report is concerned with the development and improvement of
statistical concepts and methods as well as indicators relevant to the situation of
women. Its purpose is twofold: (1) to review critically the concepts and methods
most widely used in ongoing general data collection programmes from the point
of view of their suitability for collecting adequate, relevant and unbiased statistics
on the situation of women; and (2) to consider possible changes in existing
recommendations and practices concerning statistical concepts and methods.
Each chapter is designed to outline an informal agenda for research and possible
new recommendations over the next 10 years or so, in the fields of family
formation, families and households; learning and educational services; economic
activity and labour-force participation; health status; and socio-economic
differentiation and mobility.
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/33
120 DOCUMENT NO.: INSTRAW/SER.A/30
200 TITLE: Rapport sur les séminaire sur l'amélioration des statistiques et
indicateurs pour l'évaluation de la contribution de la femme au
développement national / INSTRAW
310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW
320 CONFERENCE: Sém. sur l'amélioration des statistiques et indicateurs pour
l'evaluation de la contribution de la femme au développement national [1989 :
Sénégal]
400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1991
460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 147 p.
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /
WOMEN IN
DEVELOPMENT / SENEGAL / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS /
ECONOMIC ACTIVITY / EDUCATION

10
TI: Statistics
AU: Evans,-A.
AD: School of African and Asian Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton,
Sussex, UK
PT: B (Monographs), A (Analytic), M (Monographic)
SO: In: Gender and development: a practical guide; London (UK), Routledge,
1992, p. 11-40
LA: English
CC: Science,-research,-methodology
DE: data-collecting; gender-analysis; statistical-data; indicators-
AB: The statistics available for developing countries fail to provide information
on the full extent of women's participation in economic, political and social life
and their true status in terms of income, health and education. This is partly due
to the choice of conceptual categories used in data collection. It is argued that a
gender model of data collection and analysis should be developed to obtain
quantitative and qualitative information about men and women and reveal basic
differences within and between the groups. The way in which conventional
sources provide statistical data on households and families, education, economic
activity and income, and the main gender issues involved are examined. Ways in
which the data might be modified to take better account of the equity
considerations are suggested and socio-economic indicators to be used for data
analysis and interpretation are discussed.
IS: ISBN 0-415-07132-1
LOCATION: IDS [RESERVE COLLECTION]
Methods of measuring disparity between men and women : a
technical report. -- Rev. ed . -- Santo Domingo : International
Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women, 1989.
-- 178 p. -- INSTRAW/SER.B/38
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Sicherl, Pavle
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): International Research and Training Institute for
the Advancement of Women
DESCRIPTORS: /women/ /men/ /sex discrimination/ /measurement/
/statistical data/ /statistical analysis/
/statistics/ /methodology/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND
TRAINING INSTITUTE FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF WOMEN. Methods
of measuring disparity. Record no: 101640

11
Compiling social indicators on the situation of women -- New
York : UN, 1984. -- xiii, 216 p. -- (Studies in methods. Series F ;
no. 32). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/32. -- 102 p.
The report is user oriented and primarily concerned with the effective utilization
of statistics and indicators on the situation of women, currently available in many
countries. It focuses on the development of reliable indicators on the situation of
women from existing censuses, household surveys and data registration systems
to the extent that such data exist in any country given. Examples of illustrative
indicators on the situation of women are presented and discussed for the
following fields: family formation, families and households; learning and
educational services; economic activity and labour force participation; health,
health services and nutrition; income and income distribution; rural/urban
residence and migration; and legal and political power. Some considerations are
provided on the complementary roles of censuses, sample surveys and registration
and record systems as well as on their advantages and disadvantages.
LOCATION: IDS [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS COLLECTION]
060 MATERIAL TYPE : 100
200 TITLE: Development of Indicators on Women in Development for
monitoring and evaluation in technical co-operation - Technical report, a
feasibility study / UNIFEM, UN Statistical Office
310 CORPORATE NAME: UNIFEM / UN/Statistical Division
400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 1989
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / TECHNICAL
CO-OPERATION / WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT / INFORMATION
DISSEMINATION / PROJECT APPRAISAL
120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/CN.3/1989/12
151 AGENDA NO.: 8 [b]
152 AGENDA ITEM: Demographic, social and environment statistics: Social
statistics and indicators
200 TITLE: Development of guidelines on national accounts for women's
contribution to development / Report of the Secretary-General
310 CORPORATE NAME: UN Secretary-General
320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission [25th : 1989 : New York]
400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, 21 Dec. 1988
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / GUIDELINES / WOMEN IN
DEVELOPMENT / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /
STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS

12
100 ISBN: 92-1-161304-3
120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/49
122 SALES NO.: E.89.XVII.6
200 TITLE: Handbook on Social Indicators / DIESA
310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/Statistical Division
400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN/DIESA, 1989
500 NOTE: See pages 5-8 for B. Development of indicators on women and
special population groups, and 1. Statistics and indicators on the situation of
women
510 RELATIONSHIP: Studies in Methods (Series F., No. 49)
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / SOCIAL INDICATORS / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY
Training users and producers in compiling statistics and
indicators on women in development : syllabus and related materials
from the subregional seminar held in Harare, 29 April to 7 May 1985
/ Department of International Economic and Social Affairs,
Statistical Office, Economic Commission for Africa and International
Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women. -- New
York : UN, 1987. -- viii, 141 p. -- (Studies in methods / United
Nations, Statistical Office. Series F ; no. 45). --
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/45. -- Sales No. E.87.XVII.6. -- ISBN
92-1-161284-5
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Subregional Seminar on Improved Statistics and
Indicators for Women in Development : 1985 :Harare)
United Nations. Statistical Office
United Nations. Economic Commission for Africa
International Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
DESCRIPTORS: /women/ /statistics/ /indicators/ /statistical
services/ /data collecting/ /statisticians/
/training/
COLLECTION]
Record no: 19737

13
120 DOCUMENT NO. : E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/11
200 TITLE: Improving statistics and indicators related to women / ESCWA
310 CORPORATE NAME: ESCWA
320 CONFERENCE: WG on developing indicators and improving statistics on
the situation of women [1989 :Cairo]
400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, 11 Sept. 1989
500 NOTE: Contains list of references in english and arabic
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY /
WOMEN'S ROLE / IMMIGRATION / EDUCATION /
EMPLOYMENT / MARRIAGE / TRAINING PROGRAMMES /
INCOME / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / HEALTH
Gender issues in the use of interviewing as a research method
Herod, A.
Professional Geographer 1993. v 45(3) pp 305-317
Language: English
The open-ended interview is gaining widespread acceptance within human
geography as a research method. Frequently, such interviews can provide
researchers with a richer account of events than can larger scale,
standardized statistical approaches. However, researchers using interviews
as part of their information gathering practices need to be aware of the
social relations within which the interviews are conducted. In this paper I
argue that gender relations are an important dynamic shaping the interview
process which can significantly influence the sorts of data obtained using
this particular research methodology. -Author
II Economic Activity
a) General
Methods of measuring women's economic activity : technical
report. -- New York : UN, 1993. -- viii, 265 p. -- (Studies in
methods. Series F ; no. 59). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/59. -- Sales No.
E.93.XVII.6. -- ISBN 92-1-161-353-1
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical Division
DESCRIPTORS: /labour force/ /women workers/ /data collecting/
/measurement/ /surveys/ /statistics/ /methodology/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: U.N. ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/59.
Record no: 117361

14
120 DOCUMENT NO.: Informal paper no. 1
200 TITLE: Recognition of the unremunerated contribution
of women in the gross national product / Paper by the Secretariat
310 CORPORATE NAME: UN Secretariat
320 CONFERENCE: CEDAW [10th : 1991 : Vienna]
400 PUBLICATION: Vienna : UN, 18 January 1991
500 NOTE: Contains an extensive list of references
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: ECONOMIC PARTICIPATION / ECONOMIC ASPECTS /
GENDER ANALYSIS / INFORMAL SECTOR / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY
200 TITLE: Counting the work of women: Current limitations
and implementing the international standards / ESCAP
400 PUBLICATION: Bangkok : ESCAP, December 1990
500 NOTE: Contains lists of meetings and publications
510 RELATIONSHIP: WINAP Newsletter [December '90, No.7]
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: ASIA AND THE PACIFIC / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS /
TIME USE STATISTICS / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY /
STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
Measuring women's work. Report of the International Research
and Training Institute for the Advancement of women and the United Nations
Statistical Office, Geneva, INSTRAW, 1989
STATUS : ORD
SCDATE : 1993-06-17
120 DOCUMENT NO. : Working Paper No. 19
151 AGENDA NO.: 4
152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of women through
time-use surveys and other sources
200 TITLE: Development of time-use studies and valuation of unpaid
contribution to social and economic development / INSTRAW, UN Statistical
Office
310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / UN/Statistical Division
320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 :Geneva]
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians, 1992
900 LOCATION: DAW

15
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / SOCIAL
ASPECTS / HOUSEWORK / UNPAID WORK
Assessing women's economic contributions to development
Dixon-Mueller,-R.; Anker,-R.
Training-in-Population,-Human-Resources-and-Development-Planning (ILO).
1988, no. 6, 97 p., figs, tables; bibliography (65 ref.)
LA: English
The most common indicators of economic production, such as labour force
statistics and systems of national accounts, have been criticized for their tendency
to under-report and undervalue women's work. This paper presents several
approaches to assessing women's economic contributions to development. The
discussion focuses on methods of measurement, suggestions for data analysis and
the relevance of findings to national planning. Section 2 addresses the portrayal of
female labour force participation in the official statistics of developing countries.
The following section identifies problems of definition and data collection which
have led to the undercounting of economically active women. It also proposes
some possible solutions, such as ways to avoid biased results in asking survey
questions. The final section discusses additional dimensions of economic activity,
such as the measuring of various kinds of returns to labour and the measuring of
women's contributions to total family income. The appendix contains suggestions
for sample surveys which compare the results of collecting labour force data in
different ways.
ISSN 0258-2406, ISBN 92-2-106796-3
100 ISBN: 92-2-107831-0
120 DOCUMENT NO.: WEP 2-21/WP.174
200 TITLE: Economic measurement of non-market household production:
relating purposes and valuation methodologies / Luisella
Goldschmidt-Clermont
300 PERSONAL NAME : Goldschmidt-Clermont, Luisella
310 CORPORATE NAME: ILO, Labour and Labour Policies Programme
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ILO, 1991
510 RELATIONSHIP: World Employment Programme Research, Working Paper
No. 174
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: EMPLOYMENT / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY /
HOUSEHOLDS / HOUSEWORK / LABOUR STATISTICS / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY

16
Goldschmidt-Clermont, L., 1989, 'Valuing domestic activities', Paper submitted
to the Second ECE/INSREA Joint Meeting on Statistics of Women, November
13-16, Geneva
Lützel, H., 1989, 'Household production and national accounts', Paper
submitted to the Second ECE/INSTRAW Joint Meeting, November 13-16,
Geneva
International Centre for Research on Women, 1980, 'The Productivity of
Women in Developing Countries: Measurement Issues and
Recommendations', Washington DC Office of Women in Development, USAID
An evaluation of methodologies used in time allocation research.
Wollenberg, E.
Gender issues in farming systems research and extension; p.127-147
Publication Year: 1988
tab., Westview Special Studies in Agriculture Science and Policy, OQEH
Editors: Poats, S.V.; Schmink, M.; Spring, A.
Publisher: Westview Press Boulder, Colorado, USA
ISBN: 0-8133-7399-9
Language: English
Document Type: Conference paper
This paper evaluates commonly used methods of data collection in time
allocation studies. The first section reviews general characteristics of
time allocation studies found in the literature. Issues requiring closer
scrutiny are identified. The second section describes four methodologies
that were used in a 1984/85 study of shifting cultivators in Negros
Oriental, the Philippines. Each of the methodologies is evaluated
according to how well it contributed to the understanding of upland
farming patterns and the organization of household labour. Finally, some
implications for the use of time allocation data in farming systems
research projects are discussed. ref.
b) Labour force participation
Female labour force participation in developing countries: a critique of
current definitions and data collection methods.
ANKER, R.
International Labour Office, CH-1211 Geneva 22, Switzerland.
International Labour Review 1983. v 122(6) pp 709-723 2 tables, 29 refs.
Language: English
It is generally recognized that data on female labour force participation
in developing countries are often inaccurate or incomplete. The article
discusses the difficulties involved in obtaining such data, from the point

17
of view of interviewers, respondents, and labour statisticians or
economists. Suggestions are then made regarding alternative definitions of
the labour force - 'paid', 'market-oriented', 'ILO', 'extended', each of
which can provide planners with a different perspective on the labour
force, including women's status within it; further suggestions are made for
improved labour force survey questionnaires. Finally, preliminary results
from a field study carried out among married rural women in India in 1981
are presented in order to illustrate the points made.-Author
Women's changing participation in the labor force : a world
perspective. -- Washington, D.C. : World Bank, 1989. -- 47 p. --
(Policy, planning and research working papers : women in
development ; WPS 272)
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Schultz, T. Paul
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): World Bank. Women in Development Division
DESCRIPTORS: /women workers/ /labour force/ /women's participation/
/statistical analysis/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: IBRD. Policy, planning and research working papers. WPS 272.
Record no: 53418
Labour force participation rates of older persons : an
international comparison. -- Geneva : ILO, 1989. -- 63 p. -- (World
Employment Programme research working papers / Population and Labour
Policies Programme ; no. 171). -- WEP 2-21/WP.171. -- ISBN
92-2-107394-7
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Clark, Robert L.; Anker, Richard
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Population and Labour Policies Programme United
Nations Fund for Population Activities
DESCRIPTORS: /labour force/ /older workers/ /women workers/ /males/
/comparative analysis/ /econometrics/ - /employment
statistics/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: ILO. World employment programme: population and labour
policies programme; working papers, no. 171.
Record no: 54312

18
c) Wage differentials, household income, consumption and savings
Statistical measurement of gender wage differentials : a
practical hand-book. -- Geneva : ILO, [1992?]. -- 47 p. -- (IDP
Women ; WP-[3])
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Rassou, Régis
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): ILO. Interdepartmental Project on Equality for
Women in Employment
Describes various methodologies for measuring gender wage differentials
and identifies their major advantages and weaknesses.
DESCRIPTORS: /wage determination/ /wage rate/ /measurement/ /women
workers/ /males/ /females/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: ILO. Interdepartmental Project on Equality for Women in
Employment. IDP Women working papers, WP-[3].
Record no: 113360
Alternative approaches to the measurement of gender earnings
differentials. -- Santiago, Chile : CIEPLAN, 1993. -- 40 p. --
(Notas técnicas / CIEPLAN, ISSN 0716-4475 ; 148)
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): González, Pablo
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Corporación de Investigaciones Económicas para
Latinoamérica
DESCRIPTORS: /wage rate/ /women workers/ /sex discrimination/
/labour productivity/ /index numbers/ /income
distribution/ /econometrics/ /methodology/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: CORPORACION DE INVESTIGACIONES ECONOMICAS
PARA
LATINOAMERICA. Notas técnicas, no. 148.
Record no: 117539
120 DOCUMENT NO. : IDP Women / WP - 3
200 TITLE: Statistical measurement of gender wage differentials / ILO
Bureau of Statistics
310 CORPORATE NAME: ILO, Bureau of Statistics
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ILO, 1993

19
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: EQUAL PAY / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / GENDER
ANALYSIS / INCOME DISTRIBUTION / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY
120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/SER.R/90/Add.2
200 TITLE: Volume 1, Methods for comprehensive planning; Mod. 3,
Techniques for preparing projections of household and other incomes,
household consumption and savings and government consumption and
investment
310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/DESD
510 RELATIONSHIP: Projection Methods for Integrating Population
Variables in Development Planning [Volume 1,
Module Three]
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / HOUSEHOLDS /
INCOME /
CONSUMPTION / GOVERNMENT BUDGETING / EDUCATION
/ HEALTH / HOUSING
d) Informal sector
TITLE: Handbook on compilation of statistics on women in the informal
sector in industry, trade, and services in Africa / ECA, INSTRAW, UN
Statistical Office
CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / ECA / UN/Statistical Division
PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo and New York : INSTRAW, Jan. 1991
PHYSICAL DESC.: 152 p.
NOTE: Contains a list of references
IDS ANOTES : 21.6.93 Tried exch letter with UNECA (original ref. incorrectly
included ECA as author)
12.7.93 Notifed "totally out of stock"
2.8.93 Tried INSTRAW
Tried UN Dept. Tech. Coop. 2.9.93
STATUS: ORD
SCDATE: 1993-09-01
DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL CLASSIFICATIONS / INDUSTRY /
DOMESTIC TRADE / SERVICE INDUSTRIES / AFRICA /
STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / INFORMAL SECTOR /
SOCIAL INDICATORS / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY / TIME
USE STATISTICS / HOUSEHOLDS

20
Methods of measuring women's participation and production in the
informal sector. -- New York : UN, 1990. -- xiii, 216 p. --
(Studies in methods. Series F ; no. 46). -- ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/46.
-- Sales No. E.90.XVII.16. -- ISBN 92-1-161322-1
PERSONAL AUTHORS: Urdaneta-Ferran, L.; Leon, A.; Ringen, S. (et al.)
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): United Nations. Statistical Office International
Research and Training Institute for the Advancement of Women
This publication has been prepared as a part of a joint project of the
Statistics Office of the UN Secretariat and the International Research and
Training Institute for the Advancement of Women (INSTRAW), to promote the
development of statistics and indicators on the situation of women. It is
specifically concerned with the development of statistical concepts to
improve measurement of women's (and men's) contributions and participation
in the productive and informal sector. The two main questions posed here
are what should be measured and how should it be measured. Women's
activities cover a wide range of categories, possibly wider than those of
men, but they have to be separated into those that are 'productive' or
market-oriented and those that are not. Activities destined to satisfy
personal needs like bathing and cooking for instance are economically
unproductive. Concerning the technicalities of measurement there is need
to value each activity and find a way to add up all the values. This
problem is further complicated by the practical question of where to
acquire the required information. The paucity of information is
particularly pronounced in women's activities as most of them go
unrecorded. The more important statistical data collection programmes such
as economic surveys, population and economic censuses and household
surveys are dealt with in chapter II followed by a review of statistical
techniques and some suggestions.
COLLECTION]
United Nations, 19??, Methods of Measuring Women's Participation in the
Informal Sector, Studies in Methods, Series F, No. 59, United Nations
Department of International Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical
Office/INSTRAW
120 DOCUMENT NO.: INSTRAW/SER.A/29
200 TITLE: Methods of collecting and analyzing statistics on women in the
informal sector and their contribution to national product / INSTRAW,
UN/DIESA, UNDP

21
900 LOCATION: DAW
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / INFORMAL SECTOR / AFRICA
/ PRODUCTION / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
120 DOCUMENT NO.: INSTRAW/BT/1991/CRP.1
200 TITLE: Methods of collecting and analysing statistics on women in the
informal sector and their contribution to national product: Results of the
regional workshops / INSTRAW
320 CONFERENCE: Board of Trustees [11th : 1991 : New York]
400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 21 Feb. 1991
900 LOCATION: DAW has no copy as of 19910408
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL ANALYSIS /
STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / INFORMAL SECTOR
III Health
Women's health counts / edited by Helen Roberts. London ; New York :
Routledge, 1990. x, 248 p. : ill. ; 21 cm.
SUBJECTS:
Women--Health and hygiene--Statistical methods.
Women--Medical care--Statistical methods-- Health surveys.
Data Interpretation, Statistical.
Health Surveys--Great Britain--statistics.
Women--Great Britain--statistics.
NOTES:
Statistical data reproduced from various sources.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 220-241) and indexes.
ISBN: 0415048907
Lee, Sun-Hee.
Women's health data requirements / Sun-Hee Lee. Canberra : Australian
Govt.
Pub. Service, c1988. x, 61 p. : ill. ; 30 cm.
SUBJECTS:
Health surveys--Australia.
Women--Health and hygiene--Australia.
Women--Health and hygiene--Australia--Statistical methods.
ADDED ENTRIES:
Australian Institute of Health.
ISBN: 0644085053

22
120 DOCUMENT NO. : INSTRAW/Ser.A/24
200 TITLE: Taller nacional para productores y usuarios de
estadisticas e indicadores de la mujer y el desarrollo / INSTRAW
320 CONFERENCE: Taller Nacional para productores y usuarios de
estabisticas e indicadores de la mujer el desarrollo [1990 : Quito]
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / WOMEN IN
DEVELOPMENT
/ STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / ECUADOR / NUTRITION / HEALTH
IV Demography
120 DOCUMENT NO.: Working Paper No. 4
200 TITLE: Major components of the FFS core questionnaire
/ Prepared by the Secretariat
310 CORPORATE NAME: ECE, Statistical Commission
320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session on Fertility
and Family Surveys : 1991 : Geneva]
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1991
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / FERTILITY /
FAMILY / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
200 TITLE : Conception and development of the fertility and family surveys
[FFS] project: an overview /
Prepared by the Secretariat
320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session on fertility
and family surveys : 1991 : Geneva]
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY /
PROJECT FORMULATION

23
200 TITLE: Future activities of the FFS project / Prepared by the Secretariat
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY
060 MATERIAL TYPE: 115
120 DOCUMENT NO.: ESD/P/ICPD.1994/EG.III/DN.9
200 TITLE: Exploring the relationship between women's
status and population dynamics with demographic and health survey data
Anne R. Cross, Ann A. Way and Ann K. Blanc
240 UNIFORM TITLE : ICPD
300 PERSONAL NAME : Cross, Anne R. / Way, Ann A. / Blanc, Ann K.
320 CONFERENCE: EGM on Population and Women [1992 : Gaborone]
400 PUBLICATION: New York : UN, Population Division, 1992
500 NOTE: Contains abstracts from DHS publications
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: WOMEN'S STATUS / POPULATION / DEMOGRAPHY/
HEALTH / INFORMATION COLLECTION / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY /FERTILITY
100 ISBN: 92-1-151179-8
120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/SER.N/26
122 SALES NO.: E.89.XIII.6
200 TITLE: Measuring the quality and duration of
contraceptive use: an overview and new approaches
Shireen Jejeebhoy
300 PERSONAL NAME : Jejeebhoy, Shireen
310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/DIESA
500 NOTE: Contains list of references
510 RELATIONSHIP: Population Bulletin of the United Nations (No. 26, 1989):
p. 1-38
900 LOCATION: UNOV main library or E1246 (Gitti)
620 DESCRIPTOR: POPULATION / FAMILY PLANNING /
CONTRACEPTIVES /
STATISTICS / CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS / FAMILY
PLANNING PROGRAMMES / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY

24
100 ISBN: 92-1-151179-8
120 DOCUMENT NO.: ST/ESA/SER.N/26
122 SALES NO.: E.89.XIII.6
200 TITLE: Age at first marriage and age at first birth / James Trussell, Kia I.
Reinis
300 PERSONAL NAME : Trussell, James / Reinis, Kia I.
310 CORPORATE NAME: UN/DIESA
500 NOTE: Contains list of references
510 RELATIONSHIP: Population Bulletin of the United Nations (No. 26, 1989):
p. 126-188
900 LOCATION: UNOV main library or E1246 (Gitti)
620 DESCRIPTOR: POPULATION / FAMILY PLANNING / MOTHERS /
MARRIAGE / AGE DISTRIBUTION / FERTILITY
STATISTICS / CHILDBIRTH / PREGNANCY / HOUSEHOLD
SURVEYS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / STATISTICAL
ANALYSIS
Maternal mortality ratios and rates : a tabulation of available
information. -- 3rd ed . -- Geneva : WHO, 1991. -- 100 p. --
WHO/MCH/MSM/91.6
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Maternal Health and Safe Motherhood Programme
DESCRIPTORS: /mortality/ /mother/ /death rate/ /health statistics/
/statistical data/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: WHO. Division of Family Health. Maternal mortality ratios and
rates ... 3rd ed.
Record no: 90322
120 DOCUMENT NO. : INSTRAW/SER.A/32
200 TITLE: Report of the Consultative Meeting on improving concepts and
methods for statistics and indicators on the situation of elderly women /
INSTRAW
320 CONFERENCE: Cons. Mtg. on improving concepts and methods for
statistics and indicators on the situation of elderly women [1991 : New York]
500 NOTE: Contains agenda and list of participants
900 LOCATION: DAW
AGING WOMEN / GUIDELINES

25
2. REGIONAL CASE STUDIES AND CONFERENCES
I Africa
a) General
Improving gender statistics in East, Central and Southern Africa
through regional cooperation : report on a mission to Tanzania 4 -
18 October 1992. -- 1 v. (various pagings)
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Hedman, Birgitta
DESCRIPTORS: /Tanzania/ /women's role/ /men's role/ /women's
participation/ /statistical data/ /data collecting/
/regional cooperation/
SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [BRIDGE COLLECTION ROOM 165]
SHELVED AT: HEDMAN, Birgitta. Improving gender statistics ...
Record no: 120671
Producer - User Seminar on Household Statistics and Indicators
for Women in Development held at the Conference Centre, University
of Lagos, August 11th - 13th, 1986. -- Lagos : The Office, 1988. --
2 v. -- Jointly sponsored by Federal Office of Statistics and United
Nations International Research and Training Institute for
Advancement of Women (INSTRAW). -- Contents: Vol. 1. Summary of
proceedings -- v. 2. Proceedings
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Producer / User Seminar on Household Statistics
and Indicators for Women in Development :1986 : Lagos, Nigeria) Nigeria.
Federal Office of Statistics International Research and Training Institute for the
Advancement of Women
DESCRIPTORS: /Nigeria/ /household surveys/ /statistical data/
/women/ /data collecting/
SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: NIGERIA. Federal Office of Statistics. Producer/User
Seminar on Household Statistics and Indicators for Women in Development.
Lagos, 1986. Producer/User
Seminar on Household Statistics ...
Record no: 18135

26
Pittin, R., 1982, 'Measuring Women's Work: The Case of the Nigerian
Census', ILO World Employment Programme, Population and Labour Policies
Programme, Working Paper No. 125
Symposium of Producers and Users of Statistics, November 6 - 8,
1990, Green Hills, Nyeri : [proceedings]. -- [Nairobi] : Central
Bureau of Statistics, [1991?]. -- 167 p
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Kenya. Central Bureau of Statistics
UNDP / UNDTCD Project KEN/86/023 Implementation of the Statistical
Information Processing Plan
DESCRIPTORS: /Kenya/ /statistics/ /statistical analysis/
/statistical services/ /financial statistics/ /price
indexes/ /national accounts/ /trade statistics/
/industrial statistics/ /transport statistics/
/educational statistics/ /women/ /agricultural
statistics/ /data collecting/ /data processing/
SHELF CATEGORY: IDS [GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: KENYA. Central Bureau of Statistics. Symposium of Producers
and Users ...
Record no: 95444
b) Economic activity
TI: Seeing the invisible women farmers in Africa: improving research and
data collection methods
AU: Dixon,-R.B.
AD: University of California, Davis, California, USA
PT: B (Monographs), A (Analytic), M (Monographic)
SO: In: Women as food producers in developing countries.
Los Angeles (USA), University of California, 1985, p. 19-35, figs, tables, 34 ref.
LA: English
CC: Labour-
DE: women-workers; agricultural-sector; statistical-data; data-collection;
methodology-; questionnaires-
AB: This paper takes the view that women's work has been undercounted and
undervalued in official demographic and economic statistics. Undercounting
women's labour has been especially acute in the agricultural sector. The different
definitions used and procedures followed in (labour force) surveys do not permit
an accurate estimation of the amount and economic value of women's agricultural
work. To improve research and data collection on women's work, a time-use
questionnaire has been modified to allow for differentiating the types and degrees
of labour force participation. Including women in labour force statistics in
proportion to the amount of work they actually do is an essential first step in
making female farmers visible to planners and policy makers.
IS: ISBN 0-918456-56-8

27
B000 TITLE : Report on regional workshop on methods of collecting and
analysing statistics on women in the informal sector and their
contribution to national product, held in Siavong, Zambia, 23 -
27 July 1990 (INSTRAW/SER.A/29)
B100 IMPR : Santo Domingo, INSTRAW, 1990?
G110 CORP : INSTRAW
V400 ANOTES : req
W900 STATUS : ORD
W910 SCDATE : 1993-08-02
200 TITLE: Synthesis of pilot studies on compilation of statistics on women in
the informal sector in industry, trade and services in four African countries /
ECA, UN Statistical Office, INSTRAW
310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / ECA / UN/Statistical Division
400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo, New York : INSTRAW, UN/DIESA,
March 1991
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / STATISTICS /
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS / BURKINA FASO / CONGO /
GAMBIA / ZAMBIA / INDUSTRY / TRADE / INFORMAL
SECTOR / SERVICE INDUSTRIES / POPULATION /
EMPLOYMENT / ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
c) Marriage
02485030 CAB Accession Number: 911898863
The measurement and definition of age at marriage in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Rwabushaija, M.
Dissertation Abstracts International. A, Humanities and Social Sciences
vol. 52 (3): p.1088-1089
ISSN: 0419-4209
Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1991, 200pp., available from
University Microfilms, Inc.
Order Number: DA9125747
Language: English
Document Type: Journal article
This study is about the measurement and definition of marriage in
sub-Saharan Africa. One of its aims is the measurement of trends in the
male and female ages at first marriage in recent decades using population
census and sample survey data. The study also examines the World Fertility
Survey marriage definitions for selected African countries and discusses
how the definition of marriage affects the measurement and interpretation
of statistics. The results of this investigation show that although there
are differences in estimates between the methods, they all show age at

28
first marriage, especially for females, to be increasing in all the
countries included in the study. A comparison between the World Fertility
Survey and Demographic and Health Survey proportions never married also
shows the female age at marriage to have increased. Marriage was loosely
defined in the World Fertility Surveys, as in the Demographic and Health
Surveys, to include both formal and informal unions. As a result, a
comparison between the World Fertility Survey and census data shows more
married and fewer never married women in the former than in the latter.
Despite the loose definition, however, some countries' definitions were
more inclusive of all sexual unions than were others. However, there is
reason to believe that pre-marital childbearing is increasing in most
parts of sub-Saharan Africa due to increased female education, a prolonged
adolescent stage, and the weakening of parental and kinship control
systems all of which are conducive to the formation of informal
relationships. The study concludes with policy recommendations and
suggestions for further research.
II Asia
a) General
200 TITLE: Report on the National Workshop on the improvement and use
of statistics and indicators on women in development / INSTRAW
320 CONFERENCE: Nat. Wksp. on the improvement and use of statistics and
indicators on women in development [1988 : Beijing]
500 NOTE: Contains list of participants
620 DESCRIPTOR: WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT / CHINA / STATISTICS /
EMPLOYMENT / HEALTH / DATA BANKS / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY / ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Women in Indian data systems : a collection of papers presented
at the UN - INSTRAW - GOI - DWCD - SNDT National Workshop on
Visability of Women in Statistics and Indicators, Changing
Perspectives, 3 - 7 July 1989 / editor, Maithreyi Krishnaraj. --
Bombay : The Centre, 1990. -- iv, 252 p. -- (Contribution to women
studies series ; 6)
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Krishna Raj, Maithreyi
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's
University. Research Centre for Women's
Studies
DESCRIPTORS: /India/ /women/ /statistical data/ /women workers/
/household/ /industrial statistics/ /data collecting/ /social indicators/

29
SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL MONOGRAPHS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: SHREEMATI NATHIBAI DAMODAR THACKERSEY
WOMEN'S UNIVERSITY. Research Centre for Women's Studies. Women in
Indian data systems ...
Record no: 106655
120 DOCUMENT NO.: E/ESCWA/SD/89/WG.4/3
200 TITLE: Some social and economic indicators that
reflect the status of Arab women in the region of Western Asia / ESCWA
the situation of women [1989: Cairo]
500 NOTE: Contains a list of english references and an abstract in english
900 LOCATION: DAW
SOCIAL INDICATORS / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / EDUCATION /
MARRIAGE / FAMILY / HEALTH / IMMIGRATION /
POPULATION / ARAB WOMEN / WESTERN ASIA
ISN=88263
B000 TITLE: National workshop on visibility of women in statistics and
indicators: exchanging perspectives (1989, Bombay, India)
B100 IMPR : Bombay, Research Centre for Women's Studies, 1990
G110 CORP : SNDT Women's University,Research Centre for Women's Studies
W900 STATUS : ROK
W910 SCDATE : 1992-12-02
040 LAN.ITEM: ara / [short summary in english]
050 MEDIUM: 010
200 TITLE: Improving concepts and methods for statistics and indicators on
the situation of women in ESCWA region / ESCWA
500 NOTE: Contains lists of references in arabic and english
900 LOCATION: DAW

30
FAMILY /WOMEN'S ROLE / MARRIAGE / DIVORCE / EDUCATION /
TRAINING PROGRAMMES / WOMEN WORKERS / HEALTH /
ECONOMIC ASPECTS / WESTERN ASIA
200 TITLE: Preparation of social indicators that indicate the status of women
/ ESCWA
400 PUBLICATION: Baghdad : ESCWA, Sept. 1989
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY /
EMPLOYMENT / EDUCATION / RURAL AREAS /
IMMIGRATION / WESTERN ASIA / WOMEN'S STATUS
200 TITLE : Improving quantity and quality of statistics on women in the
ESCWA region using household surveys / ESCWA
500 NOTE: Contains list of references in english and arabic
900 LOCATION: DAW
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / WESTERN ASIA / DEMOGRAPHY /
POPULATION / FAMILY
Measuring female labour activities in Asian developing countries: a
time-allocation approach.
TOMODA, S.
International Labour Review 1985. v 124(6) pp 661-676.
Language: English
Asserted, but rarely proved, that women are more active economically than
official statistics suggest. Uses detailed empirical evidence from
Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines to analyse how women in
different settings, and activities spend their time. The time-allocation
approach, which has the advantage of minimising the sex bias and conceptual

31
ambiguities found in traditional data collection methods, provides useful
insights into different activity patterns and a more accurate picture of
women's contribution to overall family welfare and the economy in
general.-from Journal summary
200 TITLE : Report on the Workshop on Statistics and Indicators on the
Social and Economic Situation of Women Particularly in the Informal Sector
/ INSTRAW, CENWOR, ESCAP
310 CORPORATE NAME: INSTRAW / ESCAP
320 CONFERENCE: Wksp. on Statistics and Indicators on the Social and
Economic Situation of Women Particularly in the Informal Sector [1987
:Colombo]
400 PUBLICATION: Santo Domingo : INSTRAW, 1988?
500 NOTE: Published by INSTRAW for Centre for Women's Research
(CENWOR) and Dept. of Census of Sri Lanka without official editing.
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / SOCIAL ASPECTS / ECONOMIC
ASPECTS
/ INFORMAL SECTOR / SOCIAL STATISTICS / SEX
DISTRIBUTION / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / SRI LANKA
Women in labour force statistics : Bangladesh : a case study. //
IN: Grassroots : an alternative development journal (BD) 1,no.4
(1992): 42-51.
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Salahuddin, Khaleda
DESCRIPTORS: /Bangladesh/ /labour force/ /women workers/ /labour
statistics/ /women's participation/
SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL SERIALS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: (691) GRASSROOTS: an alternative development journal. -
1,no.4 (1992): 42-51.
Record no: 106075
Inter - state variations in work force participation rates of
women in India : an analysis / by K. Sundaram. -- New Delhi : Asian
Employment Programme, 1988. -- v, 50 p. -- (Asian Employment
Programme working papers, Studies on women workers ; 1). -- ISBN
92-2-106111-6

32
Invisible female agricultural labour in India
in: Different places, different voices: gender and development in Africa,
Asia and Latin America
Raghuram, P.
Ed.: Momsen, J.H. ; Kinnaird, V.
Publ.: (Routledge)
1993. pp 109-119
Language: English
This chapter is based on data collected over 12 months in 1983-84. The
analysis is confined to the contribution of adult family and wage labour in
work on 76 farms in Karoli, Sangli district, Maharashtra. The chapter
concentrates upon labour use on own farms and is not concerned with that
which is hired out. The analysis reveals the significance of female
agricultural labour in the village. Women were found to be working longer
hours than men and more women worked on their own farms than did men. The
gender division of familial labour in agriculture is thus biased towards
the female adult. Invisible female agriculture labour in India needs to be
disaggregated from 'family help' and accepted as a partner in agricultural
production. This requires a realisation of the bias in data-collection
techniques in large government organisations and a move towards correcting
these biases. -from Author
TI: Women's participation in the labour force: a methods test in India for
improving its measurement
AU: Anker,-R.; Khan,-M.A.; Gupta,-R.B.
PT: B (Monographs), M (Monographic), S (Serial), Z (Bibliography)
SO: Women,-Work-and-Development (Switzerland).
1988, no. 16, 216 p., figs, tables; bibliography (p. 193-204)
LA: English
CC: Labour-
DE: labour-force; women-; research-methods; measurement-systems;
labour-statistics
LO: India, Uttar Pradesh
AB: This monograph is concerned with ways to improve the measurement of
female labour force participation in India. The analysis is based on a
ILO/Operation Research Group (ORG) test among 1,621 rural households in
Uttar Pradesh. In 6 chapters attention is paid to: (1) difficulties in measuring
female labour force participation; (2) the ILO/ORG method test; (3) the sample
households; (4) the results by questionnaire type; (5) results by respondents and
individual types; (6) the multivariate results. The main conclusions drawn are:
general keyword questions which enquire about main activity, earning and work
should either be dropped or used in combination with questions which mention
more specific activities; data collection on multiple labour force activities should
be encouraged; governments should report several measures of labour force (also
part-time labour) in the official statistics.

33
Author(s): Anker, Richard & Khan, M. E. & Gupta, R. B.
Title: Women's participation in the labour force: a methods test in
India for improving its measurement // Richard Anker, M.E.
Khan and R.B. Gupta
Series: Women, work and development; 16
Publisher: Geneva: International Labour Office, c1988
Pages/format: xiv, 204 p.
General notes: Bibliography: p. 193-204
General notes: ocm17976155 - Women- India - OFF PUBNS - HD6189- .A76
1988 -
(I.254/16) - 9103 - G
c) Poverty
Poverty in India : data base issues / edited by G.K. Kadekodi,
G.V.S.N. Murty. -- New Delhi : Vikas, c1992. -- 360 p. -- ISBN
0-7069-5982-5
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Kadekodi, G.K.; Murty, G.V.S.N.
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Indian Econometric Society
DESCRIPTORS: /India/ /poverty/ /statistics/ /statistical analysis/
/women/ /income distribution/ /rural areas/ /urban
areas/ /land tenure/ /agrarian structure/
/development indicators/ /agricultural prices/
SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL MONOGRAPHS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: INDIAN ECONOMETRIC SOCIETY. Poverty in India: data ...
Record no: 98883
Socio-economic indicators for monitoring rural poverty. Report of the
brainstorming session held in Dhaka, 26-27 June 1990.
Centre on Integrated Rural Development for Asia and the Pacific
CIRDAP Study Series
(No. 116): 90pp.
OQEH
Publisher: Dhaka, Bangladesh
Language: English
Document Type: Miscellaneous
The session was organized by CIRDAP in collaboration with the
International Development Research Centre, Canada, and held during June
1990. Its aims were to identify indicators of rural poverty, users of such
indicators, methodologies of data collection and the institutional
mechanisms necessary for monitoring rural poverty and collection of
relevant data in a country. Five papers were presented during the session.
The papers highlighted the activities of CIRDAP relating to development of

34
indicators for monitoring and evaluation of agrarian reforms and rural
development, cooperatives and the State of the Art on integrated rural
development; issues relating to such an exercise; and dimensions of
structural adjustment and rural poverty with special emphasis on gender
issues. The brainstorming session concluded that instead of unidimensional
measures of poverty, a multi-dimensional approach should be used for
identification of the rural poor. Various manifestations of poverty,
gradations of the poor, as well as the processes of poverty should be
considered while monitoring rural poverty. A set of key indicators were
identified based on the above aspects of poverty monitoring. In the
context of Bangladesh, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics was recommended
to be entrusted with the job of monitoring rural poverty, in collaboration
with other specialized agencies. A data bank at regional level by
compiling data from all CIRDAP Member Countries pertaining to rural
poverty, structural adjustment and other related macro-policies may be
generated in collaboration with CIRDAP, IDRC and FAO. ref.
d) Intrahousehold resource allocation
Seasonality and gender bias in intrahousehold nutrition in India
: does statistical methodology define policy messages?. -- Torino :
Il Centro, 1993. -- 33 p. -- (Development studies working papers ;
n. 65)
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Harriss, Barbara
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Centro studi "Luca d'Agliano" Queen Elizabeth
House
DESCRIPTORS: /India/ /human nutrition/ /seasonal fluctuations/ /sex
roles/ /research methods/ /data collecting/
/comparative analysis/
SHELF CATEGORY: [NON-OFFICIAL SERIALS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: (361) CENTRO STUDI LUCA D'AGLIANO. Ld'A - QEH
development studies working papers, n. 65.
Record no: 121278

35
III Middle East
a) General
200 TITLE: Improving statistics on women / Suad Tabbarah-Mohsen
300 PERSONAL NAME : Tabbarah-Mohsen, Suad
320 CONFERENCE: Socio-Economic challenges for the 1990s – Arab women's
contribution to development [1990 :Cairo]
400 PUBLICATION: New York : UNDP, 1990
460 PHYSICAL DESC.: 4 p.(eng. abstract); 21 p.(fre.)
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: ARAB WOMEN / SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS /
STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
040 LAN.ITEM: ara / eng[brief summary only]
050 MEDIUM: 010
200 TITLE: Statistics and indicators concerning the status of Egyptian
Women / ESCWA
500 NOTE: Contains bibliography [also in english]
900 LOCATION: DAW
TRAINING PROGRAMMES / EDUCATION / EGYPT / ECONOMIC
ACTIVITY / HEALTH / ISLAMIC LAW / LEGISLATION /
ECONOMIC ASPECTS
200 TITLE: The appraisal of indicators and statistical declaration for the
status of women in Iraq /ESCWA
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / IRAQ /
SOCIAL ASPECTS / ECONOMIC ASPECTS / POPULATION / WOMEN'S
STATUS

36
Improving the measurement of women's participation in the
Egyptian labour force : results of a methodological study / by
Richard Anker and Martha Anker. -- Geneva : ILO, 1988. -- viii, 121
p. -- (World Employment Programme research working papers /
Population and Labour Policies Programme ; no. 163). -- "Prepared
with the financial support of the United Nations Population Fund
(UNFPA)". -- WEP 2-21/WP.163. -- ISBN 92-2-106855-2
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Anker, Richard; Anker, Martha
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Population and Labour Policies Programme United
Nations. Fund for Population Activities
DESCRIPTORS: /Egypt/ /women workers/ /rural women/ /labour force/
/women's participation/ /statistics/ /methodology/
/data collecting/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: ILO. World employment programme: population and labour
policies programme; working papers, no. 163.
Record no: 14991
Measuring the Female Labour Force in Egypt
Anker,-Richard; Anker,-Martha
International-Labour-Review; 128(4), 1989, pages 511-20.
It is commonly believed that women in Egypt--and in the Arab world
generally--contribute little to economic development, despite evidence to the
contrary. This article examines reasons for the under-reporting of female labor
force participation in Egypt. It discusses the efforts of the Egyptian Statistical
Office and a methods test study conducted jointly by it and the ILO to identify
factors that explain this under-reporting. While concluding that recent efforts by
the Statistical Office have significantly improved female labor force estimates, it
also points to areas for further improvement such as questionnaire design and use
of activity lists, use of female self-respondents, consideration of multiple
economic activities and labor force definition.
LOCATION: IDS

37
IV Latin America
Identifying the poor : is "headship" a useful concept?. --
Washington, D.C. : World Bank, c1989. -- vii, 50 p. -- (LSMS
working paper, ISSN 0253-4517 ; no. 58). -- ISBN 0-8213-1263-4
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Rosenhouse Persson, Sandra
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Living Standards Measurement Study
DESCRIPTORS: /Peru/ /poverty/ /household/ /women's role/
/statistics/ /household surveys/
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: IBRD. Population and Human Resources Department. Living
Standards Measurement Study. Working papers, no. 58.
Record no: 47852
Wainerman, C.H., 1992, 'Improving the accounting of women workers in
population censuses: Lessons from Latin America', Population and Labour
Policies Programme, Working Paper No.178, World Employment Programme
Research, ILO, Geneva
V Pacific
a) General
Socio-economic statistics on women : five case studies in the
Pacific / by Sue Fleming. -- Noumea, New Caledonia : South Pacific
Commission, 1987. -- ix, 85 p. -- (Technical paper / South Pacific
Commission ; no. 193). -- Bibliography: p. 73-85. -- ISBN
982-203-094-0
PERSONAL AUTHOR(S): Fleming, Sue
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): South Pacific Commission
In 1981 the seminar of South Pacific Women noted the lack of accurate
information on the socio-economic status of women. This study explores these
policy recommendations by reviewing the appropriateness of data and data
collection systems in this area, by taking Fiji, Kiribati, the Marshall and Solomon
islands and Tonga as case studies. The adequacy of the information is assessed by
looking at 7 variables of statistics on women: households, family and individuals,
migration, ethnicity, health, education, employment and access to resources.
Finally recommendations are made on how improvements can be achieved.
Improving data gathering processes necessitate greater involvement of women in
all aspects of statistics.

38
COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION. Technical papers, no. 193.
Record no: 10210
Workshop on socio-economic statistics on women, Noumea, New
Caledonia, 16 - 19 February 1987 : report / South Pacific Commission
. -- Noumea : The Commission, 1987. -- iv, 25 p. -- ISBN
982-203-018-5
CORPORATE AUTHOR(S): Workshop on Socio-Economic Statistics on
Women: 1987 : Noumea) South Pacific Commission
DESCRIPTORS: /Oceania/ /women/ /social statistics/ /economic
statistics/ /statistical services/ /data collecting/
SHELF CATEGORY: [INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS COLLECTION]
SHELVED AT: SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION. Workshop on
Socio-Economic Statistics on Women, Noumea, 1987. Report.
Record no: 18555
Economic activity and occupation in the Pacific Islands: issues of census
classification and analysis
Friesen, W.
Asian & Pacific Population Forum 1990. v 4(2) pp 11-18,29-31
Language: English
Classification of 'work' and 'economic activity' has been inadequate in
many censuses and surveys, particularly those in developing countries. In
the Pacific Islands, subsistence and certain kinds of cash activities are
often overlooked, and this omission tends to make vulnerable groups,
especially women, less visible to planners and politicians. Some progress
has been made in incorporating nonwage and noncash activities into recent
classification systems used in censuses. One of the purposes of the new
International Classification of Occupations (ISCO-88) is to provide an
improved system of classification for such activities. Still, the
convention that a single 'job' must be identified for each individual
obscures much important information about some societies and their
economies. Also needed in the Pacific are systems for providing more
meaningful data collection and analysis on the relationship between
individual and household activities. -Author

39
VI Eastern Europe
120 DOCUMENT NO.: CES/AC.60/39 / INSTRAW/AC.4/39
151 AGENDA NO.: 5
152 AGENDA ITEM: Statistics required for the implementation of the
Forward-looking Strategeis
200 TITLE: Organization of the Statistical Study ofthe Situation of Women
in the USSR and improvement in its methodology / USSR State Committee on
Statistics
310 CORPORATE NAME: USSR, State Committee on Statistics
320 CONFERENCE: ECE/INSTRAW Joint Meeting on Statistics and Women
[2nd : 1989 : Geneva]
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : Statistical Commission and ECE, 1 Sept. 1989
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: STATISTICS / GENDER ANALYSIS / LABOUR
STATISTICS / FLS: NAIROBI / USSR / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY / PART TIME EMPLOYMENT
VII Western Europe, United States, Canada, New Zealand
a) General
151 AGENDA NO. : 3
152 AGENDA ITEM : Planned future ECE statistical publication
200 TITLE: Statistics on women and men in the Nordic
countries: Deficiencies and proposals for improvements
Statistics Sweden on behalf of the Nordic Committee for Equal Opportunity
Statistics
310 CORPORATE NAME: Statistics Sweden
320 CONFERENCE : Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992: Geneva]
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, Conference of European Statisticians,
1992
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: EUROPE / STATISTICS / NORDIC COUNTRIES /
STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY / EQUAL OPPORTUNITY / GUIDELINES

40
151 AGENDA NO. : 4
200 TITLE: The content and organization of the Austrian time use survey /
Austrian Statistical Office
310 CORPORATE NAME: Austria, Statistical Office
320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 : Geneva]
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: EUROPE / STATISTICS / STATISTICAL
METHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / AUSTRIA / HOUSEHOLD
SURVEYS
151 AGENDA NO.: 4
200 TITLE: The 1991/1992 Time budget survey of the Federal Republic of
Germany: Objectives and background / Statistisches Bundesamt
310 CORPORATE NAME: Germany, Statistisches Bundesamt
900 LOCATION: DAW
METHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / GERMANY
151 AGENDA NO.: 4
200 TITLE: The 1990/1 Swedish time use survey / Statistics Sweden
310 CORPORATE NAME: Statistics Sweden
900 LOCATION: DAW
METHODOLOGY / TIME USE STATISTICS / SWEDEN

41
151 AGENDA NO.: 4
152 AGENDA ITEM: Measuring the economic contributions of women
through time-use surveys and other sources
200 TITLE: The New Zealand time use pilot survey, 1990 / New Zealand
Department of Statistics
310 CORPORATE NAME: New Zealand, Department of Statistics
320 CONFERENCE: Work Ses. on Statistics of Women [1992 :Geneva]
900 LOCATION: DAW
620 DESCRIPTOR: NEW ZEALAND / STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY /
TIME USE STATISTICS / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS
TI: An analysis of women's employment patterns in the UK, France and the
USA: The value of survey based comparisons
AU: Dale,-Angela; Glover,-Judith
SO: Research Paper, no. 75, London: U.K. Department of Employment, 1990,
pages 77.
AB: Explores the extent of comparative published information on women's
employment patterns, focusing on national level surveys of British, French, and
Amerian women's employment. Gives a brief overview of women's employment
patterns in the EC member states. For the United Kingdom, the United States, and
France, presents an international comparative analysis of basic occupational and
industrial structures, and main gender-related employment differences;
age-related differences in women's employment characteristics; and women's
employment as a process, covering issues of part-time and multiple job holding,
job entrance, and unemployment. Examines the employment characteristics of
women belonging to different nationalities in France and the United Kingdom.
Dale is with the Social Statistics Research Unit, City University, London. Glover
is with the Department of Sociology, University of Surrey. No index; AI: Yes;
AN: 240753
Chadeau, A., 1989, 'Measuring household production: Conceptual issues and
results for France', Paper presented at the Second ECE/INSTRAW Joint
Meeting on Statistics of Women, November 13-16, Geneva
c) Fertility and family surveys
200 TITLE: Major components of the FFS core questionnaire / Prepared by
the Secretariat

42
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY / HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / EUROPE
200 TITLE: Theoretical background of the FFS Project /Prepared by the
Secretariat
320 CONFERENCE: Statistical Commission and ECE [Work Session :1991:
Geneva]
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY / EUROPE
151 AGENDA NO.: 3.5
152 AGENDA ITEM: Fertility and family surveys
200 TITLE: Fertility and Family Surveys / Note prepared by the Secretariat
320 CONFERENCE: Conference of European Statisticians [39th
plenary session :
1991 : Geneva]
400 PUBLICATION: Geneva : ECE, 1 May 1991
900 LOCATION: DAW
FAMILY /
HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS / EUROPE
VIII Cross-regional studies, conferences
a) Economic activity
TI: Classifying women's activities: three case studies: Kenya, Mexico, Nepal
AD: U.N. International Research and Training Inst. for the Advancement of
Women, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
PT: B (Monographs), M (Monographic), S (Serial)
SO: INSTRAW NEWS (Dominican Republic).
1989, no. 12 (suppl. 1) 13 p., table, 4 ref.
LA: English
CC: Labour-
DE: labour-statistics; job-classification; sex-distribution; division-of-labour;
women-workers; case-studies

43
LO: Kenya, Mexico, Nepal
AB: The fact that data should be broken down by gender in statistics is now
accepted as a fundamental element of statistical work. However, the practical
realization of this concept lags far behind its recognition. In this booklet 3 case
studies are summarized in which the role of gender in occupational and industrial
classifications was investigated; the countries involved were Kenya, Mexico and
Nepal. It is pointed out that job classifications must reflect all types of work
within a sector as well as factors which affect women's participation in the labour
force. For example, agricultural work could be subdivided into categories such as
digging, weeding, harvesting, transporting and storing while seasonal variations
in household labour demands could also be taken into account. Also, labour
performed in the home should be registered in order to provide an accurate
picture of the female labour force.
TI: Women in Economic Activity: Lessons from Two Surveys in Costa Rica
and Kerala
AU: Mata-Greenwood,-Adriana
SO: Statistical-Journal; 6(4), 1989, pages 293-304.
AB: The international standards on the measurement of the economicaly active
population, employment, unemployment and underemployment, adopted by the
13th International Conference of Labour Statisticians (ICLS) in 1982, present
some important changes with respect to earlier standards. This paper
concentrates on the measurement of women's economic activities. Working
women are in general more difficult to identify than men due to the type of work
they are engaged in and their role as homemakers. The results obtained from two
ILO methodological surveys carried out in Kerala, India and Costa Rica in 1983,
show that these standards improve the measurement of women in economic
activity, particularly when an activity list is incorporated into the questionaire to
detect persons engaged in production for own consumption, and the seeking work
criterion for measuring unemployment is relaxed.
AI: Yes
AN: 240431
Effect on reported levels of female labour force participation in
developing countries of questionnaire design, sex of interviewer and
sex/proxy status of respondent: description of a methodological field
experiment.
Anker, R.
Population and Labour Policies Programme, ILO, Geneva, Switzerland.
Working Papers, Population and Labour Policies Programme, World
Employment Programme, International Labour Organisation
(No. 137): viii + 78pp. Publication Year: 1983
ISBN: 92-2-103545-X Language: English. Document Type: Miscellaneous

44
As part of an ILO project to provide statistical evidence and practical
suggestions on fieldwork techniques and questionnaire design for measuring
more accurately the participation of women in the labour force, this paper
describes an experimental methods test. The intention is to investigate
the effects of questionnaire design, definition of labour force activity,
sex of interviewer and sex or proxy-status of respondent on reported rates
of female participation in Egypt and Uttar Pradesh. The Methods Test
described in the paper involves conducting household surveys using
different types of questionnaires; male and female interviewers; male and
female proxy-respondents and female self respondents. A fully balanced
multi-stage sample design is to be employed where feasible. The secondary
issues to be studied include: characteristics of the person for whom
information is collected; characteristics of the respondent other than
sex; characteristics of the household and household head; non-sex
characteristics of the inteviewer; and characteristics of the interview
environment.
b) Intrahousehold resource allocation
Looking for Boy-Girl Discrimination in Household Expenditure Data
Deaton,-Angus-S.
World-Bank-Economic-Review; 3(1), January 1989, pages 1-15.
The ability to test for discrimination in the allocation of goods between boys and
girls is hampered by a lack of data on intrahousehold distribution. The analysis
presented here allows inferences about intrahousehold allocation to be made from
household-level expenditure data. For a given level of income, families with
children will spend less on adult goods in order to purchase children's goods. If
household purchasing favors boys over girls, smaller expenditures on adult goods
would be made by families with boys as compared with those with girls. A
method for determining "adult" goods is described, and the procedure for
detecting gender bias is applied to data from the Ivory Coast and Thailand. The
data show no evidence of discrimination between boys and girls in the Ivory
Coast, and a small and statistically insignificant bias in favor of boys in Thailand.

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