class 5 english class notes

1. THE FORESTS OF
THE WORLD
MADE BY–NOOR FATIMA
Class 6 Red

2. WHAT IS A FOREST
• A forest is a piece of land with many trees. Forests are important and grow in
many places around the world. They are an ecosystem which includes many
plants and animals. Many animals live in forests and need them to survive.
• There are different types of Forests
• Coniferous Forest
• Tropical Rainforests
• Deciduous Forests

3. CONIFEROUS FORESTS
Coniferous trees have thin, spiky leaves and seeds
in cones or berries. They do not lose all their leaves
at the same time, so they do not look Bare. Forests
in cold climates are mainly coniferous. This type of
forest do not have layers, all trees are of uniform
height. They can withstand snow because of their
strong, supple, downward sloping branches and
their conical shape which follows the snow to slide
off. Some examples of coniferous forests are fir,
pine, and spruce. Pakistan has coniferous forests in
Chitral, Swat, Azad Kashmir, and Ziarat.

4. TROPICIAL RAIN FORETS
Tropical Rainforests are found in the regions
surrounding tropics of cancer and Capricorn. THE
CLIMATE OF a tropical rainforest is hot and humid.
TROPICIAL RAINFORESTS ARE THE HABITAT OF
MORE THAN FIFTY PER CENT OF THE PLANTS
AND ANIMALKS OF THE WORLD.
The worlds largest tropical rainforest is in the Amazon
Basin. This is a lowland forest on a flat plain .The
Amazon rainforest is being cut down on a large scale
to fulfill the growing demand for wood and other
rainforest products across the world.

5. DECIDUOUS FORTES
Deciduous leaves have wide, flat leaves. Their seeds are
not enclosed in cones but form in flowers. These receive
plenty of rain fall all year round. Some of the examples of
deciduous trees are Maple, Oak, and chestnut. Deciduous
forest are also called temperate forest ,as they are only
found in temperate climatic regions of world.
The places where theses leaves grow have four different
seasons, spring, summer, autumn , and winter.
New trees grow in spring, and during the summer these
broad leaves capture plenty of sunlight to manufacture
food.

6. LAYERS OF THE RAIN FOREST
THERE ARE FOUR LAYERS OF THE RAIN FOREST
Emergent
Canopy
Under canopy
Forest floor

7. Emergent layer: the topmost layer, which receives the
most sunlight. Leaves are big and leathery or hairy,
with a pointed shape that lets water run off easily.
Canopy: the second layer, which has shorter trees that
do not need much sunlight. The leaves are so dense
that they form a canopy and block out sunlight to the
lower layers. Most of the animal and plant life of the
forest is found here.
Under canopy: the third layer, which has shorter trees
than the canopy and need even less sunlight, but need
shelter from heavy rain. They get water that drips off
the leaves of the canopy trees.
Forest floor: the bottom layer, which is very cool and
shaded, so very few plants grow there, apart from
those that do not need much sunlight, such as shrubs,
mosses, ferns, and bushes. Some small trees can grow
up to 3.5 meters, while other forest floor plants grow
up till the trees to reach sunlight.

8. Primary Forests
These forests are grown Naturally and are
changed very little by humans, One of the
example of primary forest is shelterbelt
forest in New Zealand.
Planted Forest
These forests are the forests planted by
humans. These forests are used to obtain
wood and other materials, to protect the
habits of plants and animals, and to
protect the land from erosion and
desertification. It reduces environmental
pollution and improve the atmosphere of
cities.
For example Changa Manga Forest,
Pakistan
Kielder Forest, England.

9. Thank you!