Money and credit

vFkZ’kkL= dh d{kk esa
vkidk Lokxr gS
d{kk %& nloha

MR.D.B.GAEKWAD (TGT/S.STDS.)
JAWAHAR NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA PARBHANI 431402
MAHARASHTRA Powerpoint Templates Page 1

3-eqnzk vkSj lk[k

d{kk %& nloha
Powerpoint Templates Page 2

eqnzk dh ifjHkk”kk
 og oLrq ftldk lkekU; mi;ksx fofue; ek/;e ds
#i esa fd;k tk;s mls eqnzk dgrs gSa-
 jkWcVZlu ßdksbZ Hkh pht tks oLrqvksa ds
Hkwxrku rFkk O;olk; ds nkf;Ro dh larqf”V
esa mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaÞ
 Tkh Mh ,p dkSy ßog oLrq tks lkekU;r;k
Hkwxrku ds fy, rFkk _.kksa ds fy, Lohdkj dh
tkrh gS-Þ
 dSaV ßdksbZ Hkh oLrq tks fofue; ek/;e ds
ekiu esa viukbZ tk,] mls eqnzk dgrs gSaÞ


Hkkjrh; fjt+Zo cSad }kjk] eqnzk dh
ifjHkk”kk
 HkaMkj iWawth RESERVE MONEY (M0):-
Currency in circulation + cSadks dh RBI esa tek iwWath&
ljdkj dks RBI }kjk _.k + fons’kksa esa RBI dh ifjlaifÙk - ;g
eqnzk cgqr rjy gksrh gSa] tgkWa ifjlaifÙk dks Rofjr eqnzk
esa cnyk tk ldrk gSa-
 (M1):- M0 + fofHkUu cSadks esa xzkgdks }kjk fofHkUu
[kkrksa tSls cpr [kkrk]pkyq [kkrk] vkorhZ [kkrk bR;kfn esa
tek dh xbZ /ku jk’kh-
 (M2):- M1 + Mkd ?kjksa esa fofHkUu izfrO;fDr 100]000 ls
de /ku jk’kh ds cpr [kkrsa-
 (M3):- M1 + lHkh izdkj ds fe;knh cpr [kkrs + ljdkjh
izfrHkwfr]’ksvj] ckWaM-
 (M4):- M3 + Hkkjrh; Mkd ?kjksa esa jk”Vªh; cpr izek.k
i=ksa dsk NksM lHkh cpr [kkrsa

ns’k o mudh eqnzk;sa
dze ns’k eqnzk
la[;k
1 phu ;qoku

2 #l #cy

3 csfYt;e csfyt;e QzSad

4 tkiku ;su

5 lwMku ikÅWaM

Ikzkphu dkyhu eqnzk;sa

 vdcj dkyhu Lo.kZ eqnzk-

 eqgEen rqxyd dkyhu flDds-

 leqnzxqIr dkyhu flDds

 vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; eqnzk


eqnzk dk oxhZdj.k


iw.kZ eqnzk

Okg eqnzk ftldk xSj ekSfnzd
mís’; ds fy, oLrq ds #i esa eqY;
mruk gh gksrk gSa ftruk eqnzk
ds #i esa- ,slh eqnzk dks
iw.kZ eqnzk dgrs gSa-


izfrfuf/k iw.kZ eqnzk

 eqnzk ds bls Lo#i esa /kkrq ds
flDds ds LFkku ij i= eqnzk dk
mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSa-;|fi i= eqnzk dk
xSj ekSfnzd eqY; uke ek= gksrk gS]
ysfdu pyu esa eqnzk ds #i esa ;s vafdr
eqY; ds cjkcj gksrk gSa-
 og eqnzk ftldk vafdr eqY; vius oLrq
ds #i esa okLrfod eqY; ls vf/kd
gksrk gSa izfrfuf/k iw.kZ eqnzk
dgykrh gSa -Powerpoint Templates xksYM Page 9
mnkgj.k %&

Lkk[k eqnzk

 og eqnzk ftlds eqnzk ds #i esa eqY;
oLrq ds eqY; ls vf/kd gksrk gSa]
lk[k eqnzk¼ CREDIT ½ eqnzk dgh
tkrh gSa-
 flDds
 dsanzh; cSad }kjk fuxZfer
pyu’khy izfrKk i=-
 cSadks esa tek-

eqnzk ds dk;Z
izkFkfed dk;Z
 fofue; dk ek/;e
 eqY; dk ekiu
f}rh;d dk;Z
 eqY; HkaMkjhdj.k
 LFkfxr Hkwxrku esa lgk;d
 eqY; dk gLrkarj.k


eqnzk ds dk;Z

eqnzk ds lgk;d dk;Z %&
 lk[k dk vk/kkj- (BASIS OF CREDIT)
 Rkjyrk ( LIQUIDITY)
 ‘kks/k {kerk dk vk’oklu
(GUARANTER OF SOLVENCY)
 jk”Vªh; vk; dk forj.k
( DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL INCOME)


D;k eqnzk ds fcuk dz; fodz; gks
ldrk gSa


 th gkWa oLrqfofue; }kjk


oLrq fofue;
I’LL GIVE YOU CLOTHES
FOR YOUR WHEAT.

I WANT CLOTHES.
BUT I DON’T HAVE WHEAT.
I DON’T NEED CLOTHES.
I NEED SHOES


cSadks dh _.k laca/kh
DEPOSITORS xfrfof/k;kWa
BORROWERS
People make People take
deposits
loans

People make People repay
withdrawals loans with
and interest
get interest

1- tek jk’kh Lohdkj djuk-
2- _.k iznku djuk-
3- lk[k dk fuekZ.k djuk-
4- dks”k dk gLrkarj.k djuk-

cSad lk[k dSls fuekZ.k djrk
gSa


lk[k dk fuekZ.k

 cSadks esa tek /ku jk’kh-
 Hkkjrh; fjt+Zo cSad }kjk fu/kh-
 cSadks dk ckt+kj esa fuos’k }kjk
 cSd }kjk vkcafVr _.k ij vftZr C;kt }
kjk-


Lkk[k dh vko’;drk
le;k/kkfjr mís’;k/kkfjr
• vYikof/k %& 15  mRiknd lk[k%&
efgus ls de uohu rduhd] cht ]
• e/;kof/k%& 15 moZjd rFkk d`”kh
efgus ls 5 o”kZ rd midj.k [kjhnus ds fy,-
• nh?kkZof/k %& 5  vuqRiknd lk[k%&
o”kZ rd ls vf/kd lkekftd o /kkfeZd
deZdkaM djus ds
fy,]iqjkus _.k pqdkus
ds fy,-

_.k dh ‘krsZ

_.k dh ‘krksZ ls vfHkizk; mu
ifjfLFkfr;ksa ls gSa] tks fd {k.k ds
lkFk tqM+h gksrh gSa %&
 C;kt nj
 leFkZd _.kk/kkj
 Hkwxrku ds rjhds


_.k ds izdkj

 d``”kh _.k
 O;fDrxr _.k-
 vkokl _.k-
 f’k{kk _.k-
 fpfdÙlk _.k-


_.k ds L=ksr
fj ' r nk
sj O k k h 3%
; i j
v k nk r
j
S L s
7%
vU; 7%
Lk gq k
kq j
d
30%

Hw e h
k ok %
L
l gd k h
j
l fe fr ; ka
W
27% Ok k d
; ol f;
cS 2 5 %
d
a

_.k ds L=ksr
vkSipkfjd L=ksr %&
 vkSipkfjd L=ksr %& Hkkjrh; fjtZo
cSad _.kksa ds vkSipkfjd L=ksrksa
dh dk;Z iz.kkyh ij ut+j j[krk gSa-
 cSad dsoy ykHk vftZr djus okys
O;kolkf;;ksa vkSj O;kikfj;ksa dhs gh
ugha cfYd NksVs fdlkuksa]
dtZnkjksa dks Hkh fdruk rFkk fdl
C;kt ij _.k ns jgs gSa bldh tkudkjh
Hkkjrh; fjtZo cSad dks cSadks }kjk
nsuk vko’;d Powerpoint Templates
gSa Page 23

Hkkjrh; fjtZo cSad

 ekSfnzd uhfr %& eqnzk ds ifjlapyu
dks fu;af=r djrh gSa
 foÙkh; uhfr %& eqnzk dh ?kjsyq o
varjkZ”Vªh; ekWax o vkiwfrZ dks
fu;af=r djrh gSa %&
 dS’k fjtZo vuqikr
 jSiks jsV-
 fjoZl jsiks jsV
 djk/kku- Powerpoint Templates Page 24

_.k ds L=ksr
vukSipkfjd L=ksr %&
 vukSipkfjd L=ksr %& esa _.knkrkvksa
dh xfrfof/k;ksa dh ns[k& js[k djus okyh
dksbZ laLFkk ugha gSa-
 ,sfPNd njksa ij _.k-
 vf/kd C;kt nj
 uktk;t rjhdksa ls vius iSls okil ysus
dh i)fr


cpr lewg

 ;g laLFkk vius izR;sd lnL; ls U;wure
/ku jk’kh izkIr djrh gSa
 t#jrean lnL;ksa dks mfpr C;kt nj
ij]NksVh fdLrksa esa okil fd;s tkus
okys _.k iznku fd;s tkrs gSa-
 ekpZ 2003 rd 7]17360 cpr lewgks
dh LFkkiuk gqbZ


iqukZo`Ÿkh
 og oLrq ftldk lkekU; mi;ksx fofue; ek/;e
ds #i esa fd;k tk;s mls eqnzk dgrs gSa-
 jkWcVZlu ßdksbZ Hkh pht tks oLrqvksa
ds Hkwxrku rFkk O;olk; ds nkf;Ro dh
larqf”V esa mi;ksx esa ykbZ tkrh gSaÞ
 Tkh Mh ,p dkSy ßog oLrq tks lkekU;r;k
Hkwxrku ds fy, rFkk _.kksa ds fy, Lohdkj
dh tkrh gS-Þ
 dSaV ßdksbZ Hkh oLrq tks fofue; ek/;e ds
ekiu esa viukbZ tk,] mls eqnzk dgrs gSaÞ

iz’u eatq”kk


xzgdk;Z
 eqnzk D;k gSa
 cSad fdl izdkj eqnzk dk ifjlapj.k
djrs gSa
 oLrq fofue; D;k gSa
 vkSipkfjd _.k rFkk vukSipkfjd _.k
D;k gSa-
 _.kk/kkj D;k gSa


/kU;okn

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