Châm cứu ca phú chọn lọc

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Cũng như các văn hiến về châm cứu khác, ca phú trong lãnh vực châm cứu đều là kinh nghiệm đã tích lũy được dựa trên thực tiễn lâm sàng qua nhiều thế kỷ của các nhà châm cứu. Những kinh nghiệm quí báu tổng hợp thông qua thực tiễn rồi tổng kết lại từ thực tiễn mà soạn thành thể loại ca phú. Nó vừa mang tính chỉ đạo cho cách chọn huyệt chính xác trong lúc xử phương châm cứu, thể lệ biên soạn còn theo hình thức thể loại ca phú, đã ghi chép một cách toát yếu đơn giản dễ hiểu, tiện cho việc học thuộc lòng dễ nhớ, trợ giúp cho việc vận dụng trên thực tế lâm sàng.

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Anoectochilus formosanus is a therapeutic orchid appreciated as a traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. The extracts of A. formosanus have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activates. A novel protein was isolated from A. formosanus, and its immunomodulatory effect on murine peritoneal macrophage was investigated. Macrophages obtained from ascites of thioglycollate-induced BALB/c were co-cultured with IPAF (0–20μg/ml) for 24h and then harvested for flow cytometry analysis. The cytokine/chemokine production was measured by real time PCR and ELISA. The interaction between IPA and toll like receptors (TLRs) was investigated by TLR gene knockout (KO) mice and fluorescence labeled IPAF. The activation of NF-κB was assessed by EMSA. IPAF stimulated the TNF-α and IL-1β production, upregulated the CD86 and MHC II expression, and enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. IPAF induced gene expression of IL-12 and Th1-assosiated cytokines/chemokines. The stimulating effect of IPAF was impaired, and the IPAF–macrophage interaction was reduced in TLR4−/− C57BL/10ScNJ mice. In addition, IPAF stimulated expressions of TLR signal-related genes and the activation of NF-κB. IPAF could induce classical activated macrophage differentiation via TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation and had potential of IPAF to modulate the Th1 response. These findings provided valuable information regarding the immune modulatory mechanism of A. formosanus, and indicated the possibility of IPAF as a potential peptide drug

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Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) causes chronic hepatitis, featuring an increase in hepatic hydroxyproline, spleen eight and serum GPT levels and a decrease in plasma albumin levels. Crude extracts of fresh whole plants of Anoectochilus formosanus showed inhibition of chronic hepatitis induced by CCl4 in mice. Bioactivityguided fractionation and spectroscopic analysis revealed that kinsenoside was the most active compound. In an in vitro study, the LD50 values for H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in BALB/c normal liver cells were significantly higher after kinsenoside pretreatment than after vehicle alone, further confirming that kinsenoside shows significant antihepatotoxic activity.

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Phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activities of the crude and fractionated plant extracts of Anoectochilus formosanus were evaluated using five different assay systems. An acid-treatment (2 N HCl in 95% ethanol) was employed to treat a butanol fraction (BuOH), creating an acid-hydrolyzed BuOH fraction. The IC50 values for DPPH radicals in the BuOH and acid-hydrolyzed BuOH fractions were 0.521 and 0.021 mg/mL, respectively. The acid-hydrolyzed BuOH exhibited approximately 5-fold higher activity in scavenging superoxide anion than catechin. The acid-hydrolyzed BuOH fraction also effectively protected φ x174 supercoiled DNA against strand cleavage induced by H2O2 and reduced oxidative stress in HL-60 cells. Metabolite profiling showed that the aglycones of flavonoid glycosides in BuOH were produced after acid hydrolytic treatment, and this resulted in a significant increase in antioxidant activities of acid-hydrolyzed BuOH. One new diarylpentanoid, kinsenone, and three known flavonoid glycosides and their derivatives were identified for the first time from A. formosanus, with strong antioxidant properties

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Kinsenoside is a principle bioactive compound of Anoectochilus formosanus. It exhibits various pharmacological effects such as antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulating, and hepatoprotective activities and has recently been developed as an antidiabetic drug candidate. In this study, as part of an in vitro pharmacokinetic study, the stability of kinsenoside in rat and human liver microsomes was evaluated. Kinsenoside was found to have good metabolic stability in both rat and human liver microsomes. These results will provide useful information for further in vivo pharmacokinetic and metabolism studies.

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Anoectochilus formosanus is an important ethnomedicinal plant of Taiwan. We investigated the effect of oral administration of A. formosanus effective fraction (AFEF) on the innate immune response in mice. Male BALB/c mice were treated orally for 2 weeks with 500, 1000 and 1500 mg/kg of AFEF. Primary peritoneal macrophage harvest from mice that administered with AFEF (500 –1500 mg/kg) was directed to activate phagocytosis. AFEF significantly increased interferon-production from lymph node cells by ConA stimulation for 48 hours in AFEF (1500 mg/kg) treated group. AFEF might be the active fraction in activation of innate immunity.

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In this study, the innate immuno-modulatory effects and anti-cancer action of arabinogalactan (AG), a derivative of a well-known orchid, Anoectochilus formosanus, were investigated. The innate immunomodulatory effects of AG were determined in vitro using RAW 264.7 cells for microarray analysis, and in vivo using BALB/c mice administrated with AG at 5 and 15 mg/kg intra-peritoneally for 3 weeks. The anti-cancer activity of AG was evaluated by CT26 colon cancer-bearing BALB/c mice. The microarray analysis was performed to evaluate the innate immunity and demonstrated that AG significantly induced the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and co-stimulatory receptors, such as IL-1, CXCL2, and CD69. An intraperitoneal injection of AG in mice increased the spleen weight, but not the body weight. The treatment of mitogen, LPS significantly stimulated splenocyte proliferation in AG treated groups. The AG treatment also promoted splenocyte cytotoxicity against YAC-1 cells and increased the percentage of CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in innate immunity test. Our experiments revealed that AG significantly decreased both tumour size and tumour weight. Besides, AG increased the percentage of DC, CD3+CD8+ T cells, CD49b+CD3− NK cells among splenocytes, and cytotoxicity activity in tumour-bearing mice. In addition, the immunohistochemistry of the tumour demonstrated that the AG treatments increased the tumour-filtrating NK and cytotoxic T-cell. These results demonstrated that AG, a polysaccharide derived from a plant source, has potent innate immuno-modulatory and anti-cancer activity. AG may therefore be used for cancer immunotherapy.

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The water extract of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata showed a potent tumor inhibitory activity in BALB/c mice after subcutaneous transplantation of CT-26 murine colon cancer cells. The tumor-inhibition ratios of mice preadministered with A. formosanus for 2 days before tumor transplantation, and treated further for 12 consecutive days, were 55.4% and 58.9% at the oral dose of 50 and 10 mg/mouse per day, respectively. Even for the tumor-bearing mice,after oral administration of the water extract of A. formosanus for 12 consecutive days, the tumor inhibition ratios were still 23.8% and 40.5% at doses of 50 and 10 mg/mouse, respectively. Because the low-concentration water extract of A. formosanus does not show direct cytotoxicity in CT-26 tumor cells, we observed further that oral administration of the water extract of A. formosanus may activate murine immune responses, such as stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid tissues and activating the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages against Staphylococcus aureus. This study suggests that the antitumor activity of A. formosanus may be associated with its potent immunostimulating effect. It is worth further analyzing the immunomodulating component purified from A. formosanus, and evaluating its potential value for the treatment of human cancers.

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Antitumor and immunostimulating effects of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

Antitumor and immunostimulating effects of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

Cây thuốc Việt

Anoectochilus formosanus HAYATA, a Chinese herb, is a valued folk medicine for fever, pain, and diseases of the lung and liver. Allergic asthma is characterized by increased serum IgE level and inflammation of the airways with high levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF). Constriction of airway smooth muscle and evelopment of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) are the most important symptoms of allergic asthma. In our previous study, a standardized aqueous extract of A. formosanus (SAEAF) was used to modulate innate immunity of normal mice. In this study, airway inflammatory infiltrations, including T cell differentiation, cytokine modulation, allergic antibodies estimation, pulmonary pathology, and enhanced pause (Penh) of AHR were used to evaluate SAEAF treatment of an ovalbumin (OVA)-inhaled airway allergic murine model. The resulting cytokine profiles demonstrated that SAEAF can significantly reduce Th2 polarization after administration of SAEAF in OVA inhalation. These results also suggest that SAEAF modulates cytokine secretion in allergic asthma. Modulated natural T regulatory cells (CD25+/CD4+, Treg) were also shown to increase immunosuppression in the allergic lung inflammation and further down-regulate airway inflammatory infiltration in eosinophils and macrophages. Finally, decreased airway anti-OVA IgE secretion and reduced AHR were observed. Our results indicate that the administration of SAEAF can modulate cytokines and T cell subpopulation by regulating inflammatory cell infiltration and modulating the allergic response. & 2009 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserve

A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway h...

A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway h...

A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway h...

Cây thuốc Việt

The water extract of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata showed a potent tumor inhibitory activity in BALB/c mice after subcutaneous transplantation of CT-26 murine colon cancer cells. The tumor-inhibition ratios of mice preadministered with A. formosanus for 2 days before tumor transplantation, and treated further for 12 consecutive days, were 55.4% and 58.9% at the oral dose of 50 and 10 mg/mouse per day, respectively. Even for the tumor-bearing mice, after oral administration of the water extract of A. formosanus for 12 consecutive days, the tumor inhibition ratios were still 23.8% and 40.5% at doses of 50 and 10 mg/mouse, respectively. Because the low-concentration water extract of A. formosanus does not show direct cytotoxicity in CT-26 tumor cells, we observed further that oral administration of the water extract of A. formosanus may activate murine immune responses, such as stimulating the proliferation of lymphoid tissues and activating the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages against Staphylococcus aureus. This study suggests that the antitumor activity of A. formosanus may be associated with its potent immunostimulating effect. It is worth further analyzing the immunomodulating component purified from A. formosanus, and evaluating its potential value for the treatment of human cancers.

Antitumor and immunostimulating effects of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

Antitumor and immunostimulating effects of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

Antitumor and immunostimulating effects of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

Cây thuốc Việt

Lan Gấm 1 - Nghiên cứu khoa học

Lan Gấm 1 - Nghiên cứu khoa học

Lan Gấm 1 - Nghiên cứu khoa học

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Antitumor and immunostimulating effects of Anoectochilus formosanus Hayata

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A standardized aqueous extract of Anoectochilus formosanus modulated airway h...

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Lan Gấm 1 - Nghiên cứu khoa học

Lan Gấm 1 - Nghiên cứu khoa học

Lan Gấm 1 - Nghiên cứu khoa học

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