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How to read a book mind map(如何閱讀一本書心智圖)
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相關文章請參考:https://ideaspopout.blogspot.tw/2017/08/blog-post.html
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How to read a book mind map(如何閱讀一本書心智圖)
1.
如何閱讀一本書 目的 獲得資訊而讀 增進理解而讀 基礎閱讀 檢視閱讀 第一步驟 1.先看書名、書序 2.研究目錄頁 3.翻閱索引(index) 4.出版者的介紹 5.快速翻閱跟這本書主題有關的章節 6.東翻西翻 有系統的略讀或粗讀 第二步驟 1.不停下腳步的把全書閱讀過一次 2.用手指輔助閱讀的眼神 粗淺的/不停下腳步的閱讀 分析閱讀 第一步驟:整理內容大綱,了解這本書到底在談甚麼 規則1.知道自己在閱讀哪一類的書 規則2(一本書的整體).使用單一的句子或簡單幾句,敘述整本書在說甚麼 規則3(一本書的細節).將書中重要章節標註起來,說明為什麼作者要按照這個架構編排內容 規則4.找出作者要問的問題 第二步驟:詮釋書中內容/作者的意圖 規則5.找出作者關鍵字的詞義,並與他達成「共識」 規則6.將書中最重要的句子圈出來,找出其「主旨」 規則7.從相關文句的關聯中,找出一本書的基本論述 規則8.找出作者的解答 第三步驟:公正的評斷一本書 規則9.在說出「我同意」、「我不同意」、「我暫緩評論」之前,要能肯定的說出:「我了解了」 規則10.當不同意作者的觀點時,要理性的表達自己的意見,不要「無理」的辯駁(要有理由) 規則11.尊重知識與個人觀點得不同,在做評斷之前,要先找出自己的理論基礎 讀者必須要提出評論/批評,才算是真正完成了閱讀。如何評論就是這個步 驟關心的事情 評論的前提:我了解了,但我不同意 理由概括有四點: A、作者的知識不足→通常作者不足的知識,會由後來的其他作家(例如弟子)補足 B、作者的知識有錯誤 C、不合邏輯,推論令人無法信服 D、分析不夠完整(我暫緩評論) →如果讀者說讀懂了,但卻找不出證據來支持不同意作者論點的理由,讀者有義務要先同意作者的 任何觀點。 只適用在單一的書 主題閱讀 矛盾:閱讀之前主題就被確認了,但隨著閱讀進行,探討主題也會隨著調整 準備的捷徑:使用檢視閱讀來塞選書單(使用分析閱讀太佔時間) 五個步驟 1.找到書中有關主題的相關章節 在主題閱讀中,讀者關心的主題才是重點,而不是閱讀的那本書(PQ4R法) 2.帶引作者與你達成共識 由讀者建立共識(中立詞彙),帶領不同書籍的作者達成共識 3.釐清問題,建立主旨 研究甚麼問題?這個問題如何被發現?這個問題會有甚麼影響? 4.界定議題 不同作者會有不同觀點,我們要做的是將論點分門別類 5.分析討論 讀者工作 不只要整理,也要用自己的想法回答問題。 將共通性的議題放在比較沒共通性議題的前面,並將各作者的論述依序歸類 通常答案不會建立在任一主旨或主張上,現實是不同狀況答案會不相同 就同一個主題,閱讀兩本以上的書 主動閱讀 1. 整體來說,這本書在說甚麼?(規則1~4) 2.作者的共識、主要論述、論點是甚麼?(規則5~8) 3.這本書說的要道理嗎?是全部有道理還是部份有道理?(規則9~11) 4. 這本書跟我有甚麼關係?(規則9~11) 帶著4個問題來閱讀一本書 檢視閱讀要問的問題 1.這是一本甚麼樣的書 書籍的分類 2.整本書再說甚麼 3.書的整體架構為何 輔助閱讀 I、相關經驗 一般經驗(生活中的經驗):有助於閱讀小說、哲學類書籍 特殊經驗(實驗室的研究):有助於科學類書籍 II、其他書籍:閱讀巨著尤其適用 可以依照寫作順序的作品來讀 III、導讀與摘要使用時機 當閱讀完後還有疑惑時 自己未做摘要時,有助於喚回記憶 做主題閱讀時,可了解某些議題是密切相關的 IV、工具書 字典 百科全書 又稱「外在閱讀」,藉由其他書籍來閱讀一本書 閱讀不同讀物的方法
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