CAP THESIS

1. DR.RAHUL
POST GRADUATE MEDICINE
MODERATOR : DR.ANURADHA(MD)
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE

2. WHAT IS COMMUNITY ACQUIRED
PNEUMONIA ?
COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA IS AN
ACUTE ILLNESS ACQUIRED IN THE COMMUNITY
WITH SYMPTOMS SUGGESTIVE OF LRTI
TOGETHER WITH PRESENCE OF CHEST
RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES WHICH IS LIKELY TO
BE NEW & HAS NO CLEAR ALTERNATIVE CAUSE

3. AIM OF THE STUDY
TO STUDY MODES OF PRESENTATION
TO STUDY THE RISK FACTORS AND THEIR
OUTCOME
TO ASSESS THE SPECTRUM OF ORGANISMS
TREATMENT , PROGNOSIS & COMPLICATIONS

4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
IT IS UNDERTAKEN :
 TO STUDY THE MODE OF PRESENTATION
 CLINICAL FEATURES
 BACTERIOLOGICAL AND RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES
 FOR THE EARLY DETECTION OF DISEASE
 TO DETECT THE CAUSATIVE AGENTS
 TO STUDY ITS COMPLICATIONS

5. MICROBIAL PATHOGENS THAT
CAUSE CAP
TYPICAL :
 PNEUMOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA
 STAPHYLOCOCCAL PNEUMONIA
 KLEBSIELLA PNEUMONIA
 PSEUDOMONAS
 HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA
 MORAXELLA
ATYPICAL :
 LEGIONELLA
 MYCOPLASMA
 CHLAMYDIA
 COXIELLA
VIRAL :
 INFLUENZA
 CMV
 RSV
 MEASLES
 HANTA VIRUS
 COVID 19 VIRUS
FUNGI :
 HISTOPLASMA
 COCCYDIODES
 BLASTOMYCES

6. SOURCE OF DATA
THE PATIENT DIAGNOSED AS CAP AND ADMITTED
IN MGM HOSPITAL WARANGA
SAMPLE SIZE : 50 PATIENTS

7. INCLUSION CRITERIA
 ALL ADULT PATIENTS OF BOTH GENDERS
WHO ARE RECENTLY DIAGNOSED AS CAP AGED
ABOVE 14 YEARS
 PATIENT PRESENTED WITH ACUTE ONSET OF
FEVER ASSOCIATED WITH CHILLS AND RIGORS
 PATIENT HAVING COUGH WITH
EXPECTORATION
 CHEST PAIN & BREATHLESSNESS

8. EXCLUSION CRITERIA
 PATIENTS WITH HOSPITAL ACQUIRED
PNEUMONIA WERE EXCLUDED IN THE
CRITERIA
 PATIENTS WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA
 PNEUMONIA IN PATIENTS WITH HIV ARE ALSO
EXCLUDED

9. INVESTIGATIONS
 SPUTUM EXAMINATION FOR GRAM STAIN , AFB,
C/S
 BLOOD TEST
 CHEST XRAY TO KNOW THE SITE OF
CONSOLIDATION
 ELISA TO R/O HIV

10. MARKERS OF SEVERITY IN PNEUMONIA AT
INITIAL ASSESSMENT
 ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
 TACHYPNOEA >30 BREATHS/MIN
 HYPOTENSION <90/60
 HYPOXIA
 CHEST X RAY INVOLVED MORE THAN ONE LOBE
/ RAPID PROGRESSION
 EVIDENCE OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
 NEED FOR ADMISSION IN ICU

11. TYPICAL PNEUMONIA
 Sudden onset of fever with or without chills
 Cough with sputum
 SOB
 Plueritic chest pain

12. ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA
 Gradual onset of fever
 Dry cough
 SOB
 Extra pulmonary symptoms headache,myalgia,fatigue

13. CLASSIFICATION OF PNEUMONIA
 EMPIRICAL CLASSIFICATION
 Community acquired pneumonia
 Hospital acquired pneumonia
 Aspiration pneumonia
 Immuno compromised pneumonia

14.  MICROBIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION
 Bacterial
 Viral
 Rickettsial
 Fungal
 Parasitic

15. PATHOLOGICAL STAGING
 STAGE OF CONGESTION
 STAGE OF RED HEPATISATION
 STAGE OF GREY HEPATISATION
 STAGE OF RESOLUTION

19. COMPLICATION OF PNEUMONIA
 DELAYED RESOLUTION & LUNG ORGANISATION
 SPREAD TO OTHER LOBES
 LUNG ABSCESS
 RESPIRATORY FAILURE
 PLEURAL EFFUSION / EMPYEMA /
PNEUMOTHORAX
 CIRCULATORY FAILURE
 MYOCARDITIS / PERICARDITIS