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NCUR Presentation - 2012
- 2. Sanitation in Numbers 2.6 billion 4, 500 – 2.8 million $44 billion
- 7. The Sanitation Ladder Unimproved Improved Unimprove Open d Improved Defecation Sanitation/ Facilities Shared
- 8. Open defecation Hanging Latrine Pit Latrine w/slab
- 9. 3 Barriers to Sanitation Adoption Low awareness/ineffective promotion Poorly used/inadequate resources Neglect of consumer preferences
- 11. The Hardware Subsidy Divide The Failures Generated by Poorly Designed Hardware Subsidies Non-ownership Improper or non-use False demand Inappropriate tech Poor targeting Creates Dependence Crowd-out HH funding But well designed subsidies…
- 12. Tips for Hardware Subsidies Hardware subsidies work when: There is demand for sanitation Subsidies are targeted based on income level Hardware supply is sourced from local service providers
- 13. Creating Demand Community-Led Total Sanitation
- 15. Developing Supply Software Subsidies (Business Development) Training/Accreditation PromotionalMaterials Market Research Output-based Subsidies Fundsfor installations Reward for ODF status
Editor's Notes
- A little more than half children
- average $7 return in health costs averted andproductivity gained . . . Globally, if universal sanitation were achieved by 2015, it wouldcost $95 billion, but it would save $660 billion.
- (Condensed version of the WHO Sanitation Ladder that came out in 2008)Open Defecation: When human feces are disposed of in fields, forests, bushes, open bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or disposed of with solid wasteUnimproved: Do not ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact—include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines, and bucket latrines. Shared: sanitation facilities of an otherwise acceptable type shared between two or more households. Only facilities that are not share or not public are considered improved.Improved: Ensure hygenic separation of human excreta from human contact.—Flush/pour flush to: piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine; Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP); pit latrine with slab; composting toilet
- 1.1 openly defecate Showing the progression visually Open Defecation: When human feces are disposed of in fields, forests, bushes, open bodies of water, beaches or other open spaces or disposed of with solid wasteUnimproved: Do not ensure hygienic separation of human excreta from human contact—include pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines, and bucket latrines. Shared: sanitation facilities of an otherwise acceptable type shared between two or more households. Only facilities that are not share or not public are considered improved.Improved: Ensure hygenic separation of human excreta from human contact.—Flush/pour flush to: piped sewer system, septic tank, pit latrine; Ventilated Improved Pit (VIP); pit latrine with slab; composting toilet
- 2.5 billion without, ¾ in rural areas
- Seems pretty clear right? Hardware subsidies are ineffective. But this issue is not so clear cut as this list might have you believe. Again, we must place these “cons” in context. No consultation, subsidies poorly designed-reach wrong groups, materials/maintenance not local
- Switch from health approach to generating feeling of disgusthttp://www.flickr.com/photos/communityledtotalsanitation/5579367098/in/photostream/
- Kar & Chambers 2008
- What if there is no sewer system, anecdotal storyhttp://www.watershedasia.org/sanitation-marketing/sanitation-enterprise-profiles/sanitation-supplier-profile-lay-hengheng/photo:watershedasia