4. INTRODUCTION
• Settlements in the form of small groups called city
states or “polis”. Ruled by democratic ruler/monarch
• Mountainous areas, so little contact between city
states. Each polis had it’s own gods.
• Famous states- Argos, Corinth, Sparta, Athens
• Greeks were agricultural traders.
ANCIENT GREECE 4
5. HISTORY
• Greek Civilization started around 2000 B.C.- 1600 B.C
• Dipylon Vase of the late Geometric period, or the beginning of the
Archaic period, ca. 750 BC.
• In 480 B.C., the Greeks united to defeat the invading Persians, but
the alliance didn’t last long.
• In the 18th century BC several cities had emerged from the Dark
Ages which followed the fall of Mycenaean Civilization.
• By the 6th Century BC several cities had emerged as dominant in
Greek affairs: Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes
• The Advent of the democracy cured many of the ills of Athens and
led to a “golden age” for the Athenians.
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6. ONLY 20-30% OF
ANCIENT GREECE’S
LAND WAS ARABLE
The most important crops were
olives, grapes and barley.
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7. GEOGRAPHY
Located in southeastern Europe, Greece is
defined by a series of mountains and
surrounded on all sides except the nor th by
water.
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8. GEOGRAPHY
• Regionalism and regional conflicts were a
prominent feature of ancient Greece.
• Numerous islands and the indented
coastlines of the Greek peninsula and of
Asia Minor stimulated a seagoing trade.
• The rocky soil and limited natural resources
encouraged the Greeks to establish
colonies abroad.
ANCIENT GREECE 8
9. GEOGRAPHY
• Numerous mountain ranges, which crisscross the
peninsula, hampered internal communications
and led to the development of Independent city-
states.
• The Mediterranean Sea moderates Greece’s
climate, cooling the air in summer and providing
warmth in the winter.
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10. COLONIES
• From about 750 BC the Greeks began 250
years of expansion, settling colonies in all
directions.
• Eventually Greek colonization reached as
far northeast as present day Ukraine and
Russia.
• Greek colonies were also founded in Egypt
and Libya.
ANCIENT GREECE 10
12. CULTURE
RELIGION
• The ancient
Greeks were a
deeply religious
people.
• They
worshipped
many gods
whom they
believed
appeared in
human form.
ART
• During the 19th
century, the neo-
classical
vocabulary was
heavily used for
both public and
private building
• In the 20th century,
Greek architecture
has followed
international
architectural
trends.
LANGUAGE/
LITERATURE
• The Greek Language
is the official
language of the
Hellenic Republic and
has total of 15 million
speakers worldwide,
it is an Indo-
European Language
• Greece has a
remarkably rich and
resilient literary
tradition, extending
over 2800 years and
through several eras.
EDUCATION
• Education in
Greece is
compulsory for
all children 6-15
years old;
namely, it
includes
Primary(Dimotik
o) and Lower
Secondary(Gym
nasio)
PHILOSOPHY
• The Greek world
widely regarded as
having given birth
to scientific
thought by
meansof
observation,
thought, and
development of a
theory without the
intervention of a
supernatural
forceducation.
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13. CITY STATES IN
GREEK:
What does it mean to be a greek city -state?
• Ancient greeks became too overcrowded on
the greek mainland
• They spread out to the surrounding islands
and formed colonies.
• These colonies became “city -states”.
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14. The Greeks called their city -state “ The Polis”.
Each Polis was an independent governing
unit, and many had different types of
government.
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16. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
• The Geography of Greece divided and sub-divided
by hills, mountains and rivers contributed to the
fragmentary nature of ancient Greece.
• On the one hand, the ancient Greeks had no doubt
that they were ‘one people, they had the same
religion, same basic culture, and same language.
ANCIENT GREECE 16
17. GOVERNMENT
AND LAW
MONARCHY
R u l e of a K i n g
OLIGARCHY
R u l e of t h e F e w
DEMOCRACY
R u l e d b y p e o p l e
TYRANNY
R u l e b y o n e w h o r u l e d
w i t h o u t l e g a l a u t h o r i t y
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F o u r m a j o r t y p e s of
g o v e r n m e n t e v o l v e d i n
a n c i e n t G re e c e :
18. SOCIAL STRUCTURE
• Only free, land owning, native-born
men could be citizens entitled to the
full protection of the law in a city-state.
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19. SLAVERY
• Slaves had no power or status
• They had the right to have a family and own
property, subject to their master’s goodwill and
permission.
ANCIENT GREECE 19
20. EDUCATION
• For most of Greek history, education was private,
excepy in Sparta.
• Boys went to school at the age of seven, or went to
the barracks, if they lived in Sparta.
ANCIENT GREECE 20
23. GREEK INFLUENCE
• Greek Mythology is a collection of stories and
narratives concerning their gods, heroes and
mythological creatures.
• To this end, they created the first siege engines,
the first alarm clock, and many other inventions.
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24. According to Tradition, the fir st Olympics
took place in 776 BC. They became a central
aspect of Greek Culture and in many ways
were the most impor tant factor uniting the
Greeks, except for their language and
mythology.
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