1. TranscriptsHartnett
<Andrew - NASA>I'm actuallyinfloridaworkingforMorpheus
<Sassan K.Darian> Morpheusisa vertical testbeddemonstratingnew greenpropellantpropulsion
systemsandautonomouslandingandhazarddetectiontechnology.Designed,
developed,manufacturedandoperatedin-house byengineersatNASA’sJohnsonSpace Center,the
MorpheusProjectrepresentsnotonlyavehicle toadvance technologies,but
alsoan opportunitytotry out“leandevelopment”engineeringpractices.
<Sassan K.Darian> http://morpheuslander.jsc.nasa.gov/
<Andrew - NASA>but I'll be back in1 min
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Alright
<ChrisHockenberry>doyou believeinthe Matrix andrew?redpill orblue?
<FaheemAli>lol
<LibbyNorcross> Sassan - nice work!You beatme to postingthe link:)
<Andrew - NASA>OK helloeveryone
<OliviaMcAuley>Ilove the humor.
<AmyGlazier>Hello!
<FaheemAli>WE ARE ALMOST DONE!
<Jeannette Briggs>Hello!
<Elyse Conley>Hello!
<Andrew - NASA>hopefullyyouall are here forthe 8 o'clock chat session
<OliviaMcAuley>Hello
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yeswe are!
<Andrew - NASA>I'm Andrew,andI'm an engineeratNASA JohnsonSpace Ceneter
<FaheemAli>of course we are:D
<Andrew - NASA>Center*
<BraulioReyes>Hello!

2. <AndrewBranhamDyer> HELLO!
<ChrisHockenberry>I thoughtthiswasa shoe sale...
<Sassan K.Darian> We are all one :)
<Andrew - NASA>However,I'mactuallyat the KennedySpace Centerrightnow
<FaheemAli>nice nice
<Andrew - NASA>if you are not here to talkabout awesome things,we have six exits
<Andrew - NASA>here,there,andoverthere
<JenniferWeir>Hello!
<Sassan K.Darian> :)
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Howdid the ComputerEngineeringsystemhelpwithourMarsmission?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Like didwe getany advancesinit?
<Andrew - NASA>man, questionsalreadyaboutreal thigns
<Andrew - NASA>I see
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Are we testingnewtheories>
<ChrisHockenberry>Hey - I wasjust there...wentonthe firstpublictourof complex 39A
<A.E. PearsonHaas> SORRY!
<Andrew - NASA>so, computerengineeringisatrickythingto talkabout
<FaheemAli>before answeringthat
<FaheemAli>tell usa bitaboutyourself
<Andrew - NASA>A E pearson...Isawyouinthe earlierchat =P
<Jeannette Briggs>yes!
<Andrew - NASA>anyway,letme geta few thingsstatedrightoff the bad
<Andrew - NASA>bat*
<ChrisHockenberry>whatlanguage doyou use?
<JenniferWeir>Whatare yourfavorite programminglanguagestoworkwith,andwhatdo youuse
mostoftenat NASA?

3. <A.E. PearsonHaas> I know I am lookinggoodinthischat I am so AlbertEinsteinasa chickad
<Andrew - NASA>I will trymy bestto answerquestionsIsee come up
<Andrew - NASA>however,itcanbe veryeasyforme to missquestions
<Andrew - NASA>so don'tbe afraidto re askquestions
<Andrew - NASA>if I dont answerit,it'snto because Idont wantto answerit
<Andrew - NASA>secondly,Ihave a favorto ask all of you
<A.E. PearsonHaas> We are here for yourfavor,what isit>?
<ChrisHockenberry>doyou guysuse a managedlanguage,withacustomgarbage collector,ordothe
engineersstill manage theirownpointersandstack/heapallocations?
<Andrew - NASA>because myplanis to answerquestionsasrapidlyasI can, someone thatisn'ttyping
furiously,Iwouldappreciateitif youwouldevery10-15minmake a copyof
the convo,and put itintowor
<Andrew - NASA>d
<StevenVickers> Iam obligatedtogranta favoron this,the dayof my daughter'swedding
<Andrew - NASA>that wayI can thensendthatword doc to the personin charge to sendit to anyone
that missedthe convo
<AmyGlazier>I can dothat.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Copied
<AmyGlazier>Or Andreacan beat me to it.:)
<JenniferWeir>@StevenLOL!
<Andrew - NASA>next,Iam a computerengineerfromPurdue Univeristy.Igradutedin2009 afterbeing
inthe co-opprogramfrom 2006-2009. I have beena full-time employee
since janof 2010
<Andrew - NASA>and have beenworkingonmoprheussince octof 2010
<Andrew - NASA>so, thatis the backgroundstuff.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I thinkI have Purdue onmyfacebookI love educationfromall sortsof institutions

4. <Andrew - NASA>Ok Amy,youwere the firstto respond?Youwill systematicallycopythe chatintoa
worddoc every10-15 min?thenafterwardsemail ittome?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Tell usmore about Morpheus
<AmyGlazier>Yes, I can do that.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So thenI donot needto?
<Andrew - NASA>ok,great, I'm gonnatry to start at the beginingof the chatwithquestionsandthen
workmy waydown
<Andrew - NASA>pearson,youare notrequiredto.Youcan feel free todothat foryour ownbenefitif
youwish.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Where dowe get the email?
<Andrew - NASA>1st question.NoIdo not believe inthe matrix.Butphilosophyisindeedaveryfun
topicto talk about.Howdo we evenreallyknow thatwe are feelinganything
our brainis tellingus?Itcoulddefinitelyall be alie
<Laure Strom> Is Morpheusavailable ontourswhenyouvisitthe KennedySpace Center?
<Sassan K.Darian> He's a scientist,of course he wouldn'tbelieve inthe matrix
<Sassan K.Darian> :)
<Andrew - NASA>so, AE pearson,Ido notknow of the advancescuriosityhasmade.Iam sure they
pushedboundaries,butIdo notknowwhich.I am sure that if you email
someone atJPL thathas workedoncuriosity,theywouldlove toforwardyourwell-thoughtout
questionstothe appropriate people
<Andrew - NASA>but a funthingabout computersinspace
<ChrisHockenberry>the spoonisn'treal
<Andrew - NASA>on earth,we dont have to worry muchabout radiation,heat(wellwe do,butin
differentways) ormanyotherthings
<Andrew - NASA>inspace,all these thingsare muchmore important
<FaheemALi>right
<Andrew - NASA>inspace,there'sno air.So heatjust stayswhereveritisgenerated
<ChrisHockenberry>whatdo youdo to make the memoryradiationretardant

5. <Andrew - NASA>unlessyouspecificallymove itsomewhereelse
<Andrew - NASA>radiationisa verytrickyproblem
<Andrew - NASA>theresmanywaysto try to tackle it, and no single wayfullyfixesit.
<FaheemALi>rightMars has no magneticfieldprotectingit
<Andrew - NASA>youcan have a "votingsystem"where youhave 3computersbasicallyall runningthe
same code
<AmyGlazier>(Andrew,one slightproblem:The chatwindow resetjustbefore youtoldme tocopy,so I
do nothave anythingabove thisline:<Andrew - NASA>andhave been
workingonmoprheussince octof 2010)
<Andrew - NASA>thenif 1 of themcomesback withsomethingelse,youknow itswrong
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So radiationhasto be movedfromor withthe energyfromthe computer
engineeringbeingviable?
<Jordan Grace> That is the single mostinterestingthingI've learnedall day.
<Andrew - NASA>there'sbasicallymanyvariationsof that.Youcan implementthe votingsystemat
manydifferentlevels,the transitor,logic,computer,systemlevels
<AmyGlazier>(If you have the textabove that,I'm afraidyouneedto save itbefore itgoes.)
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Giventhe conservative estimateof starsinour knownUniverse (25Sextillion)
and knowingthatplanetformationisverycommon,whatisthe general
consensusof NASA asto wetherornot Extraterrestrial Biological Entitiesexist.
<Andrew - NASA>ok,I'm movingon to the nextquestionfornow,sorry!Ican come back to it later
<LibbyNorcross> AmyGlazier- I have everythinguptothispoint!
<Jeannette Briggs>Whatare some of the waysthat NASA hasworkedaourndthe radiationproblem?
<Elyse Conley>Amy- Igot a screencapture and I will sendittoyou.
<Andrew - NASA>so nextquestionaboutwhichlanguagesIuse.EVenthoughIam a computerengineer,
I don't domuch programmingnowadays
<Andrew - NASA>I mostlydesignprintedcircuitboards
<Andrew - NASA>but I love python
<Andrew - NASA>and I use it at everyopportunityprettymuch

6. <Andrew - NASA>I have useditwheneverIneedaprogram to quicklymake myjobeasier
<Andrew - NASA>it's notalwaysthe right asnwerforthe jobthough,and I recognize thatwhenmaking
suggestionstootherpeople
<FaheemALi>Can youtell usa little bitaboutthe engineeringprocess?Stepslikedesigntocompletion
<ChrisHockenberry>Whypythonand not perl?
> What software doyouuse to designprintedcircuitboards?
<Andrew - NASA>nextquestion, whichisveryspecific- aboutif we use our owngarbage collection
processand such.I do notknowwhat the "real"programmersuse
<ChrisHockenberry>What cad program isusedto designthe circuitboards,oris itproprietary?
<AmyGlazier>(Thanks,LibbyandElyse!)
<Andrew - NASA>I knowa lot of timeswe use core flightsoftware,whichwasdevelopedIbelieve at
goddard
<Andrew - NASA>and youshouldbe able to lookitup evenonthe web
<Andrew - NASA>and frequentlywe use VxWorksasouroperatingsystem, whichisareal-time
operatingsystem
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Are supercomputersusedinthe Mars Curiosityexperiment?
<carl finkbeiner>MsHutchinsalreadysaidshe ismakinga copy of dialogue
<Andrew - NASA>thoughI am on a projecttryingto pushthe use of RTEMS, because itsmore free than
VxWorks
<Andrew - NASA>ms hutchinsismakinga copyof the dialogue fromthe worddocumentIsendher=)
> I sawthat CuriosityusedVxWorksinitsdescent.
<Andrew - NASA>so frequently,the engineersare probablystillusingC/C++/Javaandtheir
pointers/heapallocations
<Andrew - NASA>VxWorksisbasedinC i believe
<A.E. PearsonHaas> C like C++?
<JenniferWeir>Morpheususesoxygenandmethane,the latterof course beingpresentonMars.Any
plansto use thistechnologyinfuture Marsmissions?
<Andrew - NASA>ok,so nextI will tell youmore aboutmorpheus

7. <Andrew - NASA>like some othersIbelieve have mentioned,itisa vertical testbed
<Andrew - NASA>it hasa worldof possibilities
<Andrew - NASA>we may primarilyuse itasa testbedfor ALHAT
<Andrew - NASA>(autonomoustlandingandhazardtechnology)
<Andrew - NASA>or we may eventuallybe able toturnit intoa mars/moonlander
<Andrew - NASA>it all dependsonhowmanythingsgofor us
<Andrew - NASA>rightnow we're tryigntodevelopitinsucha way that we can transitionintoa space
certifiedvehicleif necessary,butwe are notright now
<Andrew - NASA>we are still inearly"phases"of ourproject
<Andrew - NASA>where we're testingouttheoriesandideas
<ChrisHockenberry>To A.E.C++ isbuiltontopof C, and it extendsthe original languagetoaddsupport
for OOPincludingmultipleinheritance,polymorphism, encapsulationof
objects.Bettertype safety.Templates
<Andrew - NASA>we may change our avionicssystemalot(whichiswhatI work on).We may change
our software alot
<ChrisHockenberry>memorymemorymanagement
<Andrew - NASA>we may change almostnothingat all
<Andrew - NASA>it all depends
<Andrew - NASA>rightnow morpheus isnotavailable fortoursatKSC
<Andrew - NASA>we basicallyonlytravel outhere fora couple of weeksata time and thenwe go back
to JSC
<Andrew - NASA>and while we're here,we're workingacrazy testschedule.
<Andrew - NASA>I probablyworkedclose to12 hourdays mostof lastweektryingtohelpprepforfree
flightthisweek
<Andrew - NASA>PS checkout morpheuslander.jsc.nasa.gov
<Andrew - NASA>especiallyeitherthurs/fri
<Andrew - NASA>we shouldbe doinga free flightone of those days

8. <Andrew - NASA>we attemptedtotoday,but our software triggeredasoftabortdue to a faulty
connectiononthe vehicle
<Andrew - NASA>whichisactuallya good thing - the vehicle recognziedsomethignwaswrongand
decidedviasoftware tonottake off!
<Andrew - NASA>thats reallyquite incredible.
<Andrew - NASA>but we've identifiedthe problemandsolution,andwhywe didntsee itduringtether
testspreparingforfree flight
<Laure Strom> Is the solutiontime-consumingtoimplement?
<Andrew - NASA>@chris, the radiatonproblemisaverycomplex thing.Basicallythere'stwowaysto
solve it.Putmultiple copiesof itandcompare,or use oldertechnologyless
suspectibletoradiationupsets
<ChrisHockenberry>Andrew - were youpart of NCASwhenyouwere a student?
<AngelinaBurnett>Canyoutell usabout the "greenpropellantpropulsion"onMorpheus?
<carl finkbeiner>BAEsaysit isradiationhardened,whatdoesthatmean?
<Andrew - NASA>@AndrewDyer- I am notable to officiallyanswerforNASA aboutextraterrestriallife.
and I dontevenhave nearthe capacity to answerthatwithany sortof
reason,knoweledge,forinformedhypothetical reasoning
<Andrew - NASA>my <i>guess</i>isthatwithhow many othersystemsthere are outthere,there is
boundto be life somewhere atsome time inthe historyof ouruniverse(s) that
has had life besidesus.Intelligentlife though?Idontknow
<Andrew - NASA>it's sohard to guess
<Andrew - NASA>we've hadso much life onourplanet,andonlyourspecieshas seemedtobecome
cognizantof biggerthings
<Andrew - NASA>besidesjusthavingbabies
<AndrewBranhamDyer> So howdidthe firsteverfree flightforMorpheusgotoday?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Sorryjust viewedwebsite andpostedbefore i read
<Andrew - NASA>@cHRIS, I justhaven'tusedperl.I've heardthat itis eveneasiertogetawaywithpoor
syntax though,anditsnot easyto read otherpeoplesPERLcode

9. <A.E. PearsonHaas> My rover designisfora cognitive robottoassistwitha mannedmission,how
wouldIgo about puttingNeuronsontopof neuronsinacomputerenginereing
format?
<Andrew - NASA>I like pythonbecause itcanbe self documenting
<Andrew - NASA>whichisawesome
> I wasgettinga sense of dejavuwhenI glancedatthe Morpheaublogpage.Then,I saw that Armadillo
Aerospace isa designpartner.That'sgreat!
<Andrew - NASA>I use altiumto designPCBs.Itissingle handedly,the mostamazingpiece of softwareI
have everused
<Andrew - NASA>goingfromschematicto circuitboard designisincrediblyeasy
<Andrew - NASA>and the thingsyoucan do withit are incredible
<Andrew - NASA>that beingsaid,you'll neveruse itat a school =P
<Andrew - NASA>haha
<Andrew - NASA>I've usedsome otherprograms,and youcan do most all the same thigns,itjustatkes
more thought
<Andrew - NASA>sorry formy typingall,I'mtryingto get as manythoughtsout as I can
<Andrew - NASA>and I'm still laggingsofarbehindall of whatyou're asking!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> That isalright
<A.E. Pearson Haas> we are beingpatient!
<AngelinaBurnett>:)
> WhenI firstwenttoengineeringschool 16years ago,the school was usinga versionof SPICE.
<Andrew - NASA>AE pearson,Ican almostgaurantee supercomputersare notusedanywhere outside
of landbasedcomputations
<Andrew - NASA>theyare incrediblylarge (thinkthe sizeof roomsor buildings)
<Andrew - NASA>but theymaybe usedtoprocessdata from curiosity!
<Andrew - NASA>I dontknowthough
<ChrisHockenberry>Have youeverplayedwitharduino componentsinyourcopiusamounsof free
time?

10. <Andrew - NASA>theyalsotake insanesamountof coolingandenergy
<A.E. PearsonHaas> A chinese friendof mine toldme we neededthemformyexperiementforhaving
the type of robotI purposed
<Andrew - NASA>thingsthat roversneedtobe conservative aboutitsuse
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Mine ispart Humanoid
<A.E. PearsonHaas> inresponsedtosome of the technologiesinJapan,asI speakJapanese.So....
<A.E. PearsonHaas> How could we go aboutconstructingcognitive behaviorintoacomputer?Froma
computerengineeringstandpoint?
<Andrew - NASA>to the personthat pointedoutmorpheususesmethane,yes!thatspartof the reason
we are exploringmethane asafuel source - its availabilityonotherplanets
<Andrew - NASA>part of the biggestproblemof anysample returnorhumanmissionisthe returntrip
<Andrew - NASA>to take enoughfuel somewhere togethome andbackis justinsane!
<ChrisHockenberry>http://www.arduino.cc/
<Andrew - NASA>if we can gatherfuel atthe destinationthanthatisawesome
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Couldwe use perchlorate orsomethingthatconvertsthe chemicalsasrocketfuel?
If it is readiilyavailable onMars?
<Andrew - NASA>so the moonat least(maybe marstoo?I dontknow) have the potential of being
methane re-fuelingsites!Goodnoticingonyorupart!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Lke use the moonsat Mars?
<Andrew - NASA>@Laure - I'm sorry,I'm not sure whatsolutionyou're askingistime consumingto
implement
<Andrew - NASA>@Chris,I was notpart of NCAS
<AndrewBranhamDyer> What aboutjusttakinghydrogenandproducingmethane withwaterand
oxygenasby productto fuel returninan insituproduction.
<Andrew - NASA>I didnothingwithNASA until Iwasa co-opin college,butIgrew upin Ohioandalways
knewI wantedtoworkat NASA
> or CO2
<Andrew - NASA>I didanythingI couldthinkof to improve myoddsof doingthat.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> What wouldyousuggestwe doto improve ourodds?

11. <Laure Strom> You identifiedthe problemwiththe free fall testandthe solutionandwhythe problem
was notnoticedbefore the testbegan...Iwasjustwonderingif the solutionfor
the faultyconnectionforMorpheusfree fall testwasquickandpainless...
<Andrew - NASA>@Angelina,the greenpropellantpropisthe factthat we're usingliquiodoxygenand
basicallyliquidnatural gas
<Andrew - NASA>the same kindof stuff pumpedintosome peopleshomefortheirstovesandheating
and such!
<WendyNessl>Woulditbe possible tomake ahybridshuttle?Like ahybridcar?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> That isa greatideaWendy!
<Andrew - NASA>@Carl, radiationhardenedtypicallyjustmeansthatit'soldertechnology-the
transistorsare biggerand lesslikelytosingle eventupsets(SEUs)
<Andrew - NASA>so as thignsgetsmallerandsmallerandsmaller,andfasterandfaster,asingle
radiationblipcancause biggerproblems
<Andrew - NASA>but radiationhardened,couldalsomeanthatthe logic/transistorsusedonthe chip
are all triplicatedandtheyuse the votingsystemcompletelyexternal tothe
programmerevendoinganythignaboutit
<Andrew - NASA>whichmeansthat everytime youessentiallydo2+2, the chipdoesit 3 timesto make
sure that at least2 of the 3 timesitequals4
<Andrew - NASA>and thenthat wayif one of themcomesup withsoemthinglike 8,itknowsthatthe
correct answeris4, because twosetsof cirucuitscomputed4
> Do youuse a lotof galliumtechnology,asopposedtosilicon,forcircuitry?
<ChrisHockenberry>What challengeswouldandenvironmentlikeTitan,whichiscoveredinLiquid
methane,rainsmethane,hasfrozenmethane lakes,andmethane cryocanos,pose
to a landersuchas yours?
<AmyGlazier>I just hada thought,aboutmethane onotherplanetsandsample return -- IthinkI
rememberthatSaturn'smoonTitan has oceansof methane andotherhydrocarbons.
How feasiblewoulditbe todoa sample returnmissionfromTitan,consideringthatthere'sfuel there?
<Andrew - NASA>@Andrew -i hope Iansweredyourmorpheusquestionearlieraboutourfirstfree
flightattempt
<AmyGlazier>Augh,Chrisbeatme to it!

12. <Andrew - NASA>if not, checkout our facebook/twitter!
<LibbyNorcross> Comment:Ilove the @MorpheusLandertwitteraccount:) It has quite a personality
sometimes!
<Andrew - NASA>@ Ae,I'mnot sure what youmeanby yourquestionaboutneuronsontopof neurons.
@Richard,we didour firstsetof avionicsontheirpixel spacecraft!
<Andrew - NASA>I wentup to dallasacouple of yearsago whentheydida free flightwithourstuff onit
<Andrew - NASA>so eventhoughitlookssuperficiallysimilar,they're actuallyquitedifferentindesign,
software,avionics,engine,etc
> I waspresentwhentheyqualifiedforthe XPrize inCaddoMills.Iwasjustout there a weekago,but
nobodywashome.
<Andrew - NASA>@Richard,my school (purdue) usedspice andorcad
<Andrew - NASA>theypale incomparison=)
<Andrew - NASA>@ChrisRE: to free time hahahahhahahahahahhaha
<Andrew - NASA>I have usedarduinothough
<Andrew - NASA>theyare fun,andwe usedone for an experimentonce
<Andrew - NASA>I mentoredsome internsprogrammingthe arduinothatinterfacedtoanaccelermoter
that waslookingfora free fall
<ChrisHockenberry>I love arduino - I use Netduino - whichletsyoudesignthe setupandprogramthe
systeminMicrosoft's.NET
<Andrew - NASA>that wouldtheninitiate anothersystem
<ChrisHockenberry>that isawesome
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So howcouldwe collectall of the data from our MissionstoMars to construct it is
workingmemoryina computer,kindof like buildingneuronsontopof
neuronswhenyouare puttingtogethertissue
<A.E. PearsonHaas> (forthe brain)
<Andrew - NASA>@ AEreplicatinghumancongitivebehaviourisawhole fieldof studythatI can't even
beingtoapproach tonight
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Ok
<Andrew - NASA>it's a complicatedfield,withcomplicatedquestionsandcomplicated answers

13. <Andrew - NASA>but the brainis essentiallyagiantcomputer
<Andrew - NASA>but we have robotsthat can do whathumansdo, butthe robotsdon't "behave"like
humansdo
<Andrew - NASA>and they're entirelyseperate processes
<OliviaMcAuley>My calculusteacherwouldlove thatquote
<A.E. PearsonHaas> YesI know
<Andrew - NASA>So @Andrewand@AE, converingsomethingintosomethingelse inherentlyhasaloss
of efficientcy
<A.E. PearsonHaas> To make theirbehaviormore like humanstoserve asa purpose of companionship
and keepingdataalignedforamannedmissionwasmypurpose
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So itis the same withhumanlanguage andcomputerlanguage processing,the
culture islost
<A.E. PearsonHaas> the original meaning
<Andrew - NASA>ok,hang on, gettinglostmomenetarilywhile Ireadupon questions
<Andrew - NASA>so we're lookingatinsituresource utilization(lookupISRU,they're actuallygonnabe
inhawaii soon) andthey're lookgat whatis reasonable toconvertfromone
elementtoanother
<Andrew - NASA>and if they're byproductsare useful orwasteful
<Sassan K.Darian> Whencan HAL joinusina space journey?
<Andrew - NASA>@Laure,the free flightfix isrelativelypainless,butnotnecessarilyquick
<Andrew - NASA>we may try to free flightonthurs,or itmay take longer,we wontgountil we're ready
<Laure Strom> Understood. Well bestof wishestothe fix anda secondfree flighttestsoon!
<Andrew - NASA>inRE: to a hyrbridshuttle - the problemisalwaysgetting enoughthrustforthe
amountof weightyouwantto life
<Andrew - NASA>lift*
<ChrisHockenberry>Are youin anyof the pictureshere onflickr?
<Andrew - NASA>morpheusistryingto use fuelsthatare more readilyavailable,andIthinkthatevery
planet/moonwouldlikelyhave it'sown"green"propellent

14. <A.E. PearsonHaas> Thankyou so muchfor yourtime.I have askedenoughquestionsinthischat!I do
not wantyou to getlostansweringmine.Iwill putmythoughtsonhold(Ialso
have a receptionfora japanese eventwe are havingexchangestudentscome over) THANKYOUGUYS!
Let me knowwhatI missed.
<Andrew - NASA>ok we have 4 minleft,Iwill tryto answerasmany of the remainingquestionsasI can,
but youcan email me at andrew.hartnett.1@gmail.comandIwill tryto
asnwerthemif theyare superimportantto you
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Thankyou so muchfor yourdecidelybrilliantcommentary,interactingwithus,
and mostof all forthis wonderfulopportunityforthe whole team.Many
thanksfor reallymakingapositive difference.
<Andrew - NASA>I make no promisesthough,especiallyoverthe nextseveralweeksaswe test
morpheus
<Andrew - NASA>i wishIcouldspendmore time tryingto answereverything,butitssotoughto answer
all of yourintellegentrapidfire questions
<Andrew - NASA>I will keeponansweringthoughuntil Isee anotherNASA personcome in(i think
there'sanotherchat tonight)
<Andrew - NASA>and if I helpoutNCASduringyou're week,I'll take questionsthen
<Elyse Conley>We appreciate youspendingthe time youalreadyhave!
<AngelinaBurnett>Thankssomuch :)
<FaheemALi>I love youAndrew!
<StevenVickers>Thankyouverymuch,i've enjoyedreadingall the questionsandanswersthatare way
overmy head!
<JenniferWeir>Andrew,thankyousomuchforyour time andextremelythoughtful answers.
<LibbyNorcross> Yes,thanksfor answeringsomanyof these rapidquestionsasquicklyasyoucan!I'm
impressed:) P.S.doyouwantme to use the above email addresstosendyou
the Word doc withthischat convoin it?
<carl finkbeiner>yesyesthanks
****************************

15. <ChrisHockenberry>What challengeswouldandenvironmentlikeTitan,whichiscoveredinLiquid
methane,rainsmethane,hasfrozenmethane lakes,andmethane cryocanos,pose
to a landerlike yours?
<Andrew - NASA>ok,a couple of wrapup commentsfromthe remainingquestionsIsee
<Andrew - NASA>1) Amy,please email me acopyof the email chatif you can =)
<Andrew - NASA>2) there are huuuuge complicationsindoingsamplereturnmissions
<Andrew - NASA>we shouldprobablystartsmall (thinkmoon/mars,workoutthe kinks)
<Andrew - NASA>but whoknow?!?!?!
<Andrew - NASA>there are tons of itnerestingthingstolearnfromothermoons/planetsaswell
<Andrew - NASA>3) please please please checkoutthe morpheuswebpage
<Sassan K.Darian> How aboutHAL?
<Andrew - NASA>I wouldlove forourustreamto crash on thurs/fri b/cwe have so manyviewers=)
<Andrew - NASA>I may or may notbe inpicturesonthat site -Idont know yet
<AmyGlazier>Andrew--Libbywasable togetthe initial messagesthatclearedouttooquicklyforme,
she will probablybe the one tosendyouthe transcript--she hasall of itfrom the
beginningonward.Thanks againforbeinghere!
<Andrew - NASA>I've seenpeople takingpictures,butIhaventpaidattention
<Andrew - NASA>oh no!I've lostall mypreviouschat=(
> Yeah,mine resetafewinchesago.
> But,I have copiesof almosteverything.
<AmyGlazier>It doesthat at random!Betweenme andLibby,we have all of it,though.I promise,it's
not lostforever!
<Andrew - NASA>ok,so whoeverhasdocumentationof the chat,please sendittomyemail
andrew.hartnett.1@gmail.com
<AndrewBranhamDyer> ThanksAgain
<AmyGlazier>And Richardhas it,too! We will be sure to getit to you.

16. <ChrisHockenberry>thankyouAndrew
<Andrew - NASA>I hope youall have a greattime at NCAS
<Sassan K.Darian> thx :)
<Andrew - NASA>it's a great experience,youngorold
<OliviaMcAuley>Thanks.:)
<AmyGlazier>Thank you!It's beenawesome tobe partof it forfar. :)
<Elyse Conley>Thanksagain!
<Andrew - NASA>lasttime I mentoredit,Ihad people thatwere mucholderonmyteam that came in
thinkingitwassillyforthemtobe there
<Laure Strom> You have one more subscribertothe Ustream site toview the test! Thanksfor
everythingandhave agoodnight!
<Andrew - NASA>by the endtheyfeltlike theyhadgainedsome knoweldge tehycouldnthave gained
anywayelse,despite workingwithpeoplelessexperiencedthenthemselves
<Elyse Conley>Anddidtheythinkthatat the endof the program still?haha!
<Andrew - NASA>itsdefinitelyaunique experience toworkwithmotivatedfolks
<Andrew - NASA>and youget to askquestionsto verybrightfolks
<RobertWhite>AndrewCanI get youcontact informationone more time?
<Andrew - NASA>I hope to meetsome of youduringNCAS
<Andrew - NASA>my email isandrew.hartnett.1@gmail.com
<AndrewBranhamDyer> I hope to see youthere>
<carl finkbeiner>I'll be there thursdaywithfriends,nopressure ;-)))
<Andrew - NASA>feel free tosendquestions/documentationthere
<RobertWhite>Thank You Verymuch.
<Andrew - NASA>haha, well maybe Iwontbe around,I'll be at KSC until the 17th!
<Andrew - NASA>wishme and the morpheuscrew goodluck
<OliviaMcAuley>Goodluck!!
<Andrew - NASA>thankoyou all,have a goodnight!

17. > Thankyou,Andrew.Ihope yourtest goeswell!
<ChrisHockenberry>GoodLuck!!!!
<OliviaMcAuley>And thanksagainforthisinformingconversation.
<AngelinaBurnett>goodluck
<JohnMichael Roberso>Good luckand thankyou! :)
<ChrisHockenberry>I thinkyouwere the lastone scheduledforthe eveningsir
<Andrew - NASA>youmust be right
<Andrew - NASA>haventseenanyone else come inyet
> Hopefully,youhave the keyssoyoudon'thave to waitto lock up!
<AmyGlazier>I just checkedthe schedule Ms.Hutchingshadsentus.You are indeedthe lastperson.
<Andrew - NASA>lol
TranscriptsKelly
<Elyse Conley>Isaw that.It seemsveryinformative,thoughI've
onlyhadtime to skimit.
> Heyguys!
<AmyGlazier>Hello!
<Elyse Conley>Hello!
> I'm Cody,an AdvancedPLSSdevelopmentengineerhere at
NASA/JSC
> I'm a tad early
<RobertWhite>HelloCody Kelly
<JenniferWeir>Hi Cody!
<JoshuaMeier>Hello!
<Elyse Conley>Earlyisgood.We like early.

18. <JenniferWeir>"Life SupportEngineering"soundsveryspecialized.
What was yourmajor inschool?
> I heardyouguys have workedondevelopingamission tomars,
right?
<JenniferWeir>Yes,andit'sbeenfascinatingsofar!
> Jennifer,life supportengineeringisprettyspecialized,butreally
coversa lot of differentdisciplines
> I majoredinAerospace EngineeringatTexasA&M(WHOOP!)
but a lotof whatI've done withsuitsand life supporthasbeen
mechanical enigneeringandalsoinstrumentation
<Elyse Conley>Are youthe same CodyKellywhoworkedasa
mentorforNCASa fewyearsago?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yesbe our mentor!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> @ Elyse @ Codykelly
<JenniferWeir>Love the Aggies.Youmustbe psychedabouttheir
movingtoSEC. But that's off-topicIguess...
> I wasa mentorin'09 for CAS,but notNCASyet.I hope to
eventuallymentorforNCASthough.
> What are some of the issuesyouguyshave beenworkingonfor
yourMars mission?
<ChrisHockenberry>Helloeveryone!!!
<RobertWhite>How will the spacesuitsdifferwhenutilizedon
Mars?
<JenniferWeir>It'smostlybeenscience objectives,timeline,budget,
and roverspecifications.

19. > @ Robert
<A.E. PearsonHaas> My issue iseveryone istellingme Iam a
martianLOL
<ChrisHockenberry>Landinglocation,technical specs,etc...
<A.E. PearsonHaas> theyhave ACESon now
<A.E. PearsonHaas> NASA channel
> Inresponse tothe suitquestion,itll be alittle differentbecause
we've neverhada suitthatsdesignedforanEVA in a partial
pressure environment
<A.E. PearsonHaas> nm
<JenniferWeir>Iwaswonderinginregardstothe suits,whypure
oxygen?Whynotcompressedair?
> Mars has a little bitof anatmosphere,sowe're workingonsystems
that can worknot justin lowearthorbit(LEO),but alsoon Mars
<Elyse Conley>All of ourprojects(orat leastI believeall of them)
are unmaned.ButI thinkthere are a few of us whoare thinking
aboutour missionsasprecursorsto mannedmissionstomars.I
foundthat I gotveryconfusedwhenIspentsome time lookinginto
launchdatesand trajectoriesformannedmissions.There seemsto
be so manydifferingviewsonwhichisthe bestwayto go aboutit!
> andthe ACESis myfavorite suit,Iworkedonthe AlteredACES
as a coop
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Cool!~
<AmyGlazier>PreciselywhatElyse said -- Idesignedanunmanned
mission,butit'sbecause Iwantto findout whetherlifeeverexisted

20. on Mars *before*we sendpeople there,soI'musingroverstolook
for microfossils.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> What kindof material ordeisngwouldbe
lighterandprevetbone lossormuscle loss?Whatislife support
engineer?Isitsame asthe alternative formof Space Suit?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> My rover needstomake rocketfuel outof
perchlorate if needbe
> Jennifer- The suitusespure oxygenbecause the suitsoperate at
lowpressure (4.3-8.0PSI) so itsmore effective topackoxygen
than air,because the bodycan't extractas much oxygenatlower
pressures
> thatswhyfighterpilotswearmasksforhigh altitude flight,etc
<ChrisHockenberry>Cody - I have a questionthatistangentially
relatedtolife support - mymissionisa precursorto a manned
mission(life ascoutingmission) thatinvestigateslandingsitesand
greenhouse construstion sites(soil composition) how feasible isitto
enclose ahabitatfor the astronautsto live inthatisfedoxygenmy
importedseeds?wouldthe martiansoil workorwouldwe have to
importsoil aswell?
<RobertWhite>What is the proceedure for re-enteringthe ISSfrom
a spacewalk,andhowdoesthe differentenvironmentsaffectthe
suit?
> A.EPearson - I wouldgoogle In-SituResourseUtilization(ISRU)
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Thanks!
<JenniferWeir>Wow,interesting,thanks!

21. <Elyse Conley>Bythe way...isanyone recordingthischatfor the
studentswhocouldn'tmake ittoday?
> I am
<Elyse Conley>Excellent!JustthoughtIshouldcheck.
> Chris,I'mnot sure about the soil stuff...letme thinkaboutitfora bit
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Did you getto wearasuityou workedon?
<AmyGlazier>I have a question -- Iknow one difficultyaboutsendingpeople toMarsis that fine
Martian dustcouldpotentiallyshredspacesuits.Isthere anymaterial we have thatcan
withstandbarragesof dust, or isthisa problemwe can'tsolve yet?
<ChrisHockenberry>Can a jumpsuitbe builtforthe inhabitantof the ISStowearthat wouldprovide a
hapticfeedbacktothe limbscontinuosly,causinginvoluntarymuscle reactionsand
reduce muscle andbone lossforlongtermresidents?
<Elyse Conley>Sowhatdo youthinkis the greatesthurdle formannedmissionstomars,froma life
supportperspective?
> Robert,the procedure forre-enteringthe ISSfromanEVA (nasa acronymfor spacewalk) ispretty
similartowhentheygooutside.Theyenterthe airlockandattach theirsuitstoan
umbilical andgetoxygen/power/waterfromthe ISS,thenbegintorepressurizethe airlock.The
spacesuit(EMU) sensesthe changesandbeginstodeflate.The airlockequilizes and
theycan take off the suit
> thatsthe reallysimple version
> Andyes,I've wornthe ACES
> andthe Mark III,but bothunpressurized
> andI've usedEVA glovesinNASA'svaccuumpressure glovebox
<A.E. PearsonHaas> We sentWALL E to MARS!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> (Sorryyoubroughtup EVA) LOL
> Amy - as fordust,thats somethingwe workonALL THE TIME! the biggestproblemishow dustcan
grindaway at the suitglove disconnectsandall the metal parts

22. <RobertWhite>Interesting...Please explainthe electronicsinvolvedinthe spacesuit,are they
controlledbythe astronautor networkedorboth?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So youcan't get like dusteatingcleanerthatdoesn'truinthe suit?
> Chris- the jumpsuitideasoundsprettyinteresting/cool.I'msure that the technologywillevolve to
enable somethinglikethat
> A.E.Pearson - that's one idea,anotherisusingstaticelectricitytocleanthe suits,kindof like aswiffer.
Justrememberthatyoudont wantall that dustin the cabin,if it shredsmetal,
thinkof howit will affectyourlungs
<AmyGlazier>Actually,Andreajustgave me anidea -- couldsome kindof electrostaticeffectbe usedto
repel dustsoit nevertouchesthe suit,orto attract dust and directitaway from
the joints?
<AmyGlazier>...oops,Iwas typinganddidn'tsee youranswer.Sorry.
<JenniferWeir>Inadditiontospace suits,doyoualsowork on life supportinspacecraft,likenutrition,
hygiene,water,etc.?
> Elyse - froma life supportperspective,i wouldsayCO2removal andgeneratingyourownoxygen
wouldbe some of the chief hurdles
<BraulioReyes>Referingtothe suitideacouldn'tyouhave anairlockthe wouldsuckup the dust and
thentakenback to be researched?
<ChrisHockenberry>Personal question - whatthingsdoyouenjoyinyourfree time
> ANDJUST TO GET EVERYONE'S ATTENTION - if you haven'taskeda question,make sure youdo,Iwant
to include everyone!!!
<Michael Rose> What didyoustudyinschool?
> Jennifer- myworkis primarilyspacesuitrelated,butIdidan internshipinthe space foodlabin2007
whenI wasa TexasAerospace Scholarsintern
<Elyse Conley>Didyoualwayswantto workfor NASA then?
> Michael - I studiedAerospace Engineering,andIhave a graduate certificationinAdvanced
International Affairs
<JenniferWeir>Whatwouldyousayis the betternutritionplanforalengthymission,considering
weight,cost,andnutrition:"yoghurtbox,""saladmachine,"or"sushi maker"?
> Yea...IVEALWAYSWANTEDTO WORK FORNASA!!!!!

23. <A.E. PearsonHaas> Cool!I live inTexas!Ihope Iget to venture outtoAlabama,Huntsville
> especiallyspacesuits
<AmyGlazier>I just have to ask -- isspace fooddelicious?:)
> space foodisprettyAWESOME. and I've gottento try a ton of differenttypes
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yeahcan we designourownspace foodfor whatwe want to eat?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Sorry,justgot here.If you haven'tdiscussedityetcanyouplease tell me what
sort of studiesthere are currentlymonitoringthe enviromentof space.
> Back to the dust- keepinmindthat anystatic electricitycandamage the electronicsof the life support
system
> andsuckingout the dustis hard because it'sliterallysticky!
<ChrisHockenberry>wouldafaraday cage around computercompnentshelpprotectthemfromthe
static?
<BraulioReyes>What aboutsomethingmore like acar washor somethingwere youtrytowash itoff
thenfilteritsomewhere else?
> I imagine itwould,Iknowthere are people atGlennResearchCenter(GRC) thatare expertsinthat
type of stuff that are workingonit
<JoshuaMeier>What material isthe window/viewingglassonspace suithelmetsmade of?
<ChrisHockenberry>whatabout the worrythat any microbrial life inthe dustcouldcome incontact
withus,and we wouldnotbe immune toit?
<AmyGlazier>I just dida quickGoogle of "isMars dust magnetic?",anditappearsthe answerismostly
yes.So I wonder...couldwe use magnetstocleanoff suits,similarlytocleaning
lintoff darkclothingwithan adhesive roller?
<AmyGlazier>(Or isthe magneticdustnotactuallythe problemandit'sthe non-magneticstuff thatwe
have to worryabout?)
<Jeannette Briggs>Inmy roverdesign,Iuse the dustas a substrate toformBucky tubes...if the suit
couldbe made of a material thatcouldshed,thenthe sheddedportionswithdust
couldbe usedas a substrate forBuckytibeswhichcouldthenbe usedtoproduce variousmaterials.
> Andsomeone askedwhatIdofor fun,I love runningwhenIhave the time,I'ma pilottoo,and I'm
actuallyreallyinvolvedinkeepingupwithmytechnical field,Ihope toeventually

24. teachspacesuit-type topicsatthe US Airforce Academy
<Jeannette Briggs>*tibes=tubes
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Where can I geta designorcheapmaterialstomake myself andmypoodle asuitto
teachmy son andhis friendsaboutouterspace?
<Elyse Conley>Have youseenthe spacesuitcollectionatthe smithsonian?Iwouldlove tosee thatsome
day...
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I wouldlove togetmy pilotlicense.MygrandfatherservedinWWIIinthe AirForce
> Jeannette - thatsa prettycool idea!How will youmake sure thatyou can produce the buckytubes?
Are theyhard to manufacture?
> Elyse - I reallyhope tosee the smithsoniansuitcollection.Whenyouguyscome toJSC, hopefullyyou
will gettosee the collectionwe have righthere inmybuilding
<Elyse Conley>Socool!
<Michael Rose> Howmuch time isspentconceptualizingnew imaginativeapproachestoissueslike
spacesuits- asopposedtoimprovinguponexistingtechnologies?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> That isa veryneatideaJeannette talkaboutrecycling!
> Michael - I'd say itsabout half andhalf,I've workedonboth the advanceddevelopmentteamandthe
crewsurvival team,anditsa totallydifferentapproachineach.Some teamsreally
lookto thinkoutside the box,andothersfocusonusingexistingtechnologiesinnew ways,and
honestly,bothwaysare great
> andjust to letyouknow,if youguyshave any questionsafterthe chat,myNASA email iscody.kelly-
1@nasa.gov
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Do theyhave a designprogramto testhow the suitswill reactbefore production?
<JenniferWeir>Howlongdoesittake to get inand outof a space suit?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I have beentoKellyAirForce base inSan Antonio!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Sorrythe thoughtoccurred
> Jennifer,itall dependsonthe suit.The ACESis a quick-donsuit,soittookme about 5-10 minutesfrom
the time I put onthe longjohns(underwear) toputtingonthe helmet
<Jeannette Briggs>Condensethe CO2fromthe atmosphere (orice),splitoff the O2(that can be sued
for somethingelse),use graphite thatisremainingasa substrate andthenrun it

25. througha SSP-345 module (developedbyNASA) tocreate carbonnanotubesonthe substratre (otby
itself).The youcancreate replacementparts,orbuildaframe of a roverso less
needstobe sendfromEarth...can make solarpanels,cicutry,H-storage...lotsof stuff
<Jeannette Briggs>It'spart of myrover desogn
> the EMU on the space stationtake aboutan hour to getreadyfor a space walk,plusyoudo an
overnightcampoutinthe airlocktopurge the nitrogenfromyourblood
> Jeannette----->HOLYCOW thats a well thoughtoutandresearchedapproach
<Jeannette Briggs>Thankyou!
> Clelia!Howare youtonight,have youaskedanyquestions?
> HowdySteven!
> Howmany of you wouldwanttogo intothe NASA engineeringfield?
<StevenVickers>Hello
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I wouldlove togointoit
<JenniferWeir>I'mstudyingmaterialsengineering;Iknow NASA doessome of that.
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Whendo I leave!
<RobertWhite>Soundslike anawsome field.Iwouldlike tofitinsomewhere.
> The thingI love aboutJSCin particularisthat we coverall the elementsof mannedspaceflight,from
concept,design,andthenfinallyexecute the missions
> Jennifer,we doaton of materialsengineering,fromthe stuff Iworkon,to the developmentof stuff
like Aerogel
<Elyse Conley>I'dlove to!
<JenniferWeir>That'sawesome!
<RobertWhite>I am doingComputerScience andwouldlike todoembedding
> Robert,thatssome of the stuff I've done too,usinga lotof Labview
> Sowhere iseveryone from/goingtoschool?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Yesto NASA Engineeringfieldplease.....

26. <ChrisHockenberry>I am a computerscience major- beena programmerfor25 years - I wouldgladly
sell achildto ge to workfor NASA
<RobertWhite>Red RocksCommunityCollege,LakewoodColorado
<StevenVickers>Mobile,AL,FaulknerState,headedtoAuburnUniversity
<BraulioReyes>SanAntonioCollege!SanAntonioTexas!Engineeringmajor
<RobertWhite>TransferingtoCSU inthe spring
<AmyGlazier>I'm at CollinCollegeupinNorthtexas.I'mmajoringinastrophysics,butrightnow I've
studiedmore calculusthanphysics.
> SanAntonio!WhatWhat!!! I'm fromBandera
<Elyse Conley>Doyou thinkthatNASA isinany dangerfrom the expansionof the private sector?It
seemsthatNASA'ssituationisprecariouslydependentuponshiftinggovernmental
tidesandpublicopinion...Iwonderabouthow thiswill effectthe future of space exploration.
<JenniferWeir>Ilive inNJ,have livedhere all mylife.I'manon-traditional student(myfirstdegree was
inPolitical Science),anddue tofinancial aidconstraintsassociatedwiththat,I
will mostlikelystayin-state forthe seconddegree,probablyRutgersorRowan.Ihad thoughtto put in
applicationstoVirginiaTech,GeorgiaTech,U Wisconsin,A&M,and Purdue,
but I'm notso sure I couldaffordto go, so I'm rethinkingthat.
> Boom...Elysewiththe questionwe are all wondering
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Wilmington,NConthe Cape FearRiverandbeaches.Cape FearCommunity
College,currentlyenrolledasa transferstudenttoUniversityof NorthCarolina
at Wilmington.
<AmyGlazier>I'd love to workfor NASA,butIam notsure how useful anastrophysicistwouldbe to
have aroundas comparedto an actual engineer....
<Michael Rose> FromKennebunk,ME,goingtoschool at ABTechin Asheville,NC.Notsure where orfor
whatI'm goingto transfer.I wasthinkingaboutstatistics.DoesNASA hire
statisticians?
<RobertWhite>I believe withthe propersecurityNASA willbe fine.
<ChrisHockenberry>CollinCollege- transferingtoUT inthe fall Amy...:)

27. <A.E. PearsonHaas> I grewup inSan Antoniofora while.Banderaispretty.IthoughtNASA wasgoingto
partnershipwiththe provate sectorthroughtthe new commercialization
program
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Propsto Jeannette forthe conceptmentionedearlier...yougo girl!
> I thinkthatNASA will benefitfromthe expansionof the private sector,justinthe factthat we can now
focuson gettingbackto advanceddevelopment
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Propsto Jeannette forbeingable todoa well thoughtoutconceptthatould
become action!
<ChrisHockenberry>Born inSan AntonioCody:) - AndrewsAirFrce base
<JenniferWeir>Are there opportunitiesforpublic-private partnershipstoease some of the funding
constraintsandallowformore expensivemissions?
<AmyGlazier>Jeanette'sconcepthasleftme insuchawe thatI am speechless.:)
<OliviaMcAuley>QuestionforCody:Inordertomake a space suit,whatenvironmentalfactorsmustbe
considered?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> I mean,...whatshe said!
> froma budgetstandpoint,NASA inmy opinionwill needtocontinue tobe atthe forefrontof space
explorationinordertomaintainourrelevance
<RobertWhite>Nowadvanceddevelopmentwill be somethingi wouldliketodo.
<Jeannette Briggs>Durham,NCarea at Peidmont CommunityCollegemajoringinComputerScience.I
justgot a job as a C# developerbutwasa molecularbiologistformanyyears.I
can't descide where totransferto...it'seitherUNC - Chapel Hill orDuke.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> YesI agree Cody
<Andrew BranhamDyer> I concur Cody.
> Olivia:we lookatthe thermal environment,the radiationenvironment,evenif there is
dust/micrometeoroids
<JoshuaMeier>Live in Wilson,NCandI attendBeaufortCountyCommunityCollege.Majoringin
Electrical EngineeringTechnologies
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Howdo you thinkthe new developmentswiththe HiggsBosonfromCERN are
goingto playout inour expansionof the space program?

28. <Jeannette Briggs>Thankyoufor the compliments!
<JenniferWeir>Right,Iforgotto mentionmycurrentschool,CountyCollege of Morris.
<AndrewBranhamDyer> I understandthatheatdoesnotdissipate inspace.Isthat correct?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> You are welcome Jeannette
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yeshow doyou move heataround
<BraulioReyes>Thatsawesome thatyourfrom Bandera!
<Elyse Conley>Right,that'swhatI worry about.I don'tsee how NASA can manage the budgetthat will
allowitto continue toremainonthe cuttingedge...Italmostseemsthatwe
needanothercoldwarto rallypeople intobelievinginAmericaninnovationandexplorationagain.
<JenniferWeir>@Jeannette - I'dlike toechoall of those compliments;you've putSOmuchthoughtinto
your proposal.
<Elyse Conley>Thenagain,withthe collapse of STEMinAmerica,how can we remaincompetitive
internationally?
> Heatdoesdissipate,butnotfromlike convection,itsall basedonradiative heattransfer,thatswhy
the suitis white
<OliviaMcAuley>Whattype of materialsare usedfor the space suits?Andare anyothermaterialsbeing
lookedatto make the suitsfeel lighter?
<Shane Taylor> I'm inKansasCity, MO attendingMCC-Longview andmajoringinComputerScience.
> Well...Elyse...youguysare the future of STEM, justlike me,I'monly25 andlivingmydream.We have
to go out andinspire ourpeersandothergenerationsintotakingonthese
challenges
<A.E. PearsonHaas> We bring itfrom STEMto STEAM like Will.i.amproposed
<A.E. PearsonHaas> putsome arts in there
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Oh mybad WE ARETHE FUTURE OF STEM!!! YAY!
<ChrisHockenberry>Howdo you monitoranastronautduringand EVA to ensure hypoxemiahasnotset
it fromlowoxygenprocessingcapabilitiesof the blood?
> Olivia- the suithasmultiple layers,withwhitekevlar-basedfabriconthe outside, all the wayto
neoprene infusednylontoholdpressure in
> GREAT QUESTION CHRIS

29. > We monitorthe biomedstuff onanastronaut throughlookingatoxygenconsumptionandCO2 levels
inthe suit,plusall the data sentbackfrom theirbiomedsensors
> buta lotof timesthe signalsonthe biomedsensorscutout,so we mainlywatchO2 consumption
rates/remaining02 andthe the C02
<AndrewBranhamDyer> What isthe temperature of space.
<Jeannette Briggs>Whydo the biomedsensorscutout?
<OliviaMcAuley>AfterwhatChrisasked,whatwouldbe the suggestionif the astronautgoesinto
hypoxemia?
<ChrisHockenberry>Do youkeepa secondastronautpreppedforanevac evaincase the astronauton
the eva becomesdioriented?
> one of my coworkersjustsaidwe get EKG data too
> we alwaysdoEVAsin pairs
> neveralone
<ChrisHockenberry>awesome
> all aboutthat buddysystemguys!
<Elyse Conley>Are there anysystemsforsharinglife support,like the waydiversshare theirmasks?
> onapolloEVAswe evenhada systemwhere onguycouldplugintohisbuddy'ssuitand share oxygen
<Elyse Conley>Haha!Chris,afterspendingthe lastfouryearsas a waitress,thatmakesme feel alot
betteraboutmy chancesinlife!I'll have tolookitup!
> Well,Igrewup inBandera,bothmy parentswere blue-collarworkers,mymomwasa stay-at-home
momand my dad wasa utilitylineman.Igrew upreallypoorand my parents
alwayspushedustolookat educationasa gift.
<AndrewBranhamDyer> What happenstoperspirationinthe suits.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Someone actuallytoldme aboutthe interveiew
<A.E. PearsonHaas> @ Chris
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I didnot getmy highschool degree orGED but I have an associates
<A.E. PearsonHaas> and love mywork
<AndrewBranhamDyer> heyLaura

30. <A.E. PearsonHaas> I wentto more thanone highschool and decidedtostart college at17
<ChrisHockenberry>That isawesome Cody!!Ifeel sometimeslikemychildrenhave ittoogood,anda
little hardshipwill helpthemappreciatethe opportunitiestheyhave andview
educationasagift
> I knewIwantedto workfor NASA whenIwas5, andI prettymuch fell inlove withsomedayworking
on mannedspaceflight.Iwasluckyenoughtobe a HighSchool Aerospace
Scholar(the highschool versionof yourprogram) and eventuallywasable tobecome aTASintern,
thencoop,and nowfull timer
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Thanksfor the responsesCody,Hope tomeetyouone day!
<Jeannette Briggs>Ithinkdoingthe NCASprojectsisa great example foreveryine with kids.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> YeahI am withCodywe were doingNASA assignmentsinTAGabout 8 or so
<AngelinaBurnett>Codythankyouso muchfor chattingwithus,I have reallyenjoyedit:)
> sotreat thisprogram as a unique opportunity,Ihave a close friendthatisnow a coop that wasa CAS
student
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I lovedit
<ChrisHockenberry>HowdoesNASA'ssalariescompare tothe private sectorCody?
TranscriptsMalloy
<A.E. PearsonHaas> HelloSara
<Sara Malloy - NASA>Good afternoon! Gladto see everyonehere. We'll getstartedinjustafew
minutes
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Thankyou Sara
<AmyGlazier>Thank youfor beinghere,Ms.Malloy!
<Sara Malloy - NASA>Ok. Well Ihave 5:00pm on my clockso let'sgetstarted
<Sara Malloy - NASA>My name isSara Malloyand I am the LeadProgram Coordinatorforthe Reduced
GravityEducationFlightProgram
<Sara Malloy - NASA>I knowthat isa verylongtitle,butIhave the coolestjob! Iwork with researchers,
studentsandeduccatorsinworkingexperimentsinmicrogravity
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Doesredecuedgravityincludezerogravity?

31. <StevenVickers>Pleasure tomeetyou,soundslikeanincredible job.Whatare some examplesof
microgravityresearchthatyouhave conducted?
<RobertWhite>Sara Malloy>What typesof modificationsmustbe made toturbinesinorderto be
productive inareducedgravitystate?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>There are a fewwayswe conduct microgravityresearchonearth.One way isthe
drop towers...whichcangive your5.2-2.2 secondsof microgravityorzero gravity.Thisdependsonthe
heightof the drop tower
<Sara Malloy - NASA>NASA hastwo drop towersatGlennResearchCenterinClevelandOhio
<Sassan K.Darian> Hello
<Sara Malloy - NASA>The platformwe use atJohnsonSpace Centeristhe microgravityaircraft,which
fliesinaseriesof parabolas.A flightparabolaisa maneuverperformedbythe plane where the flyer
experiencesdifferentlevelsof gravity.
<Sara Malloy- NASA>Dependingonthe angle of the parabola,we can achieve Lunar,Martianand of
course,zerogravity
<BraulioReyes>Ms. MalloyI've researchedthe ReducedGravityEducationFlightProgramandIwas
wonderingif you've everbeenonaflight?andalsowhyis microgravitytestingdone?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>Thisplatformprovides15-25 secondsof microgravityduringeachparabola.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>I have flownalmost450 parabolasandit istrulyan environmentlike noother
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So thenwe can write proposalstoconductexperiementswithourselvesashumans
to be the testsubjectsfora microgravityexperience?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Essentiallysignupandapplyto experience thisenvironment?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>OK - letme see if I can answersome questionswe have alreadyhad
<OliviaMcAuley>Howdoesitfeel tobe on the flight?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Afterresearchingthe zerogravityexperimentopportunitiesforstudents,I
wonderedhowmuchitwouldcostto conduct an experiment.
<J Bentley>Isit more cost effective todothese experimentsduringthe parabolaflights,oronthe ISS?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At A.E.Pearson - yes,reducedgravityincludeszerogravityandotherpartial
gravitiessuchasLunar or Martian

32. <AndrewBranhamDyer> > Afterresearchingthe zerogravityexperimentopportunitiesforstudents,I
wonderedhowmuchitwouldcostto conduct an experiment.
<Sassan K.Darian> My question:howdifficultisittokeepthe bodyhealthyinenvironmentswithout
earth-like gravity.Dothe supplementalexercisesreallyprovideenoughsupport?Andare there any
drawingsto
create artificial gravityinaspace-type environmentasenvisionedbyArthurC.Clarke inhisscience
fictionnovels?
<Steve Martinez>Ms Malloy,Whatare the requiermentstoconductan experimentinthe reducedi
gravityprogram?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Steven - I have seenalot of microgravityresearchinmytime,everythingfrom
weldingtoCubeSat.Engineeringtoscience andphysics.A goodresource isthe programarchive foundat
http://microgravityuniversity.jsc.nasa.gov/theArchives/index.cfm
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Robert- The modificationstothe aircraftare mainlytothe cabin. Seatsare
removedtomake an openareafor researchhardware
<ChrisHockenberry>What materialshave we beenable todiscoverandproduce inzero-g,like thaton
the ISS,that we are unable toproduce here?
<RobertWhite>Thank You Sara. :)
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Braulio - Yes, I have beenonseveral flights.Microgravityresearchisconducted
for several reasons - one of the mainreasonsisas a test bedto try our hardware,proceduresbefore
theygo to space
<Sara Malloy - NASA>It is veryexpensivetogoto space and the International Space Station,soitisnice
to testthingsout before gettingtothatstage
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I wouldlove toteachspace in space,isthat possible in the future tohave programs
that do so?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Thankyou forearlierquestion
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At A.E.Pearson - You have itright.Studentsfromcollegesanduniversitieswrite a
technical proposal toflyanexperimentinthe microgravityaircraft.The proposalsgothrougha technical
reviewandif selected,teamsthenbuild,testandbringtheirhardware toHouston
<ChrisHockenberry>Otherthanthe firsttime youexperiencedit,whatisyourmostmemorable
momentfromyourmicrogravityadventures?

33. <Sara Malloy - NASA>At A.E.Pearson - It isnot a joyride,thisisa researchenvironmentandwe expect
that youwill be gatheringdataduringthe flight.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Olivia-
<JoshuaBaum> What researchis beingdone about the healthissuesthatseemtooccurwithincreasing
frequencyinreducedgravityenvironmentsespeciallyconsideringthe desire topursue amanned
missionto
Mars whchinvolvesclose totwoyearsof almostcontinuoustime inareducedgravityenvironment?
<Sassan K.Darian> Are there proposalsplannedforthe future tocreate an artificial space environment
inwhichthe full force of Earth-like gravityisreplicated?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Olivia- Itis an experience like nothingyes.Atthe start of the parabola,youfeel
hypergravity(about1.8gs) andyoufeel veryheavy.itisdifficulttoliftyourarmsor domuch of
anything.Once the aircraftbeginstonose-overthe top,yougentlybegintofloat.Ihave workedinthis
program formany yearsand the onlyadjective Icanuse here isawesome.Youcan do thingsthatare
amazing.Whenthe aircraftpullsoutof the free-fall,gravitygentlycomesbackandyouexperience a
mix we call dirtyair
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Olivia- thenyougetto experience all overagain. Ourtypical profile isfor30
0g, 1 Lunar and 1 Martian
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Andrew - the bestanswerI can give youisthat the costdependsonthe
experiment
<BraulioReyes>Thankyou!I was wonderingif youhadanyadvice forwhenit comesto making
proposalsforthe program?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At J Bentley - the aircraftenvironmentischeaperthanputtinganexperimenton
the ISS
<AmyGlazier>I am curious -- howdoesMartian microgravityaffectrovers?Ihave seeninteresting
conceptsof Mars roverswithinflatablewheels;wouldaroverwithinflatable wheelsbe subjecttomore
bounce
and/orinstabilityinreducedgravity,ordoesgravitynotmatterall that much forsomethinglike this?
<ChrisHockenberry>Have youbeeninvolvedwithanyexperimentstryingtoassessthe affectsand
feasiblityof akinemassicfieldgeneratorthatwouldinvolve simulatinga0g environment,andthen
activatingthe
devicestoreverse the affects?

34. <Sara Malloy - NASA>At Sassan - Those are goodquestionsthatare more relatedtoextendedtime in
microgravity.There are tonsof resourcesavailable thattalkaboutlong-termeffectstomuscle andbone
masswhile inmicrogravity
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Steven - Please visitthe programwebsite at
http://microgravityuniversity.jsc.nasa.gov/forproposal requirements.Mybestadvice isdoyour
researchand reallyunderstandwhy
microgravityisneededfortesting
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Chris- material science isagreatfieldof interestinreducedgravitybecause
elementsbonddifferently.A lotof researchisbeingdone onhow thingscan be printed(likeona3-D
printer) ormade in microgravity.
<Shane Taylor> Howlong doeseachof the gravitystages(0g,Lunar, and Martian) last injustone of the
30 cycles?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> 1. So we can simulate fortestingamartianenvironmentforanextendedperiodof
time to workwitha roverwithpeople aswell?2.How wouldyourate some of your experiencesasthe
effectsonthe bone andmusclestobe similarto?
<Richard Bennett2> Do youknowwhat typesof 3d printinghave beenattempted?Selective laser
sintering,Fuseddepositionmodeling,etc....?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At A.E. Pearson - There are alreadyprogramsthat do that.We have 3 educator
astronauts(aswell asotherson ISS) that use theirtime toteach anddo educational segmentsfromthe
ISS.My programalso hasa K12 educator program
<Sassan K.Darian> Since the Martian yearis about1.88 Earth yearsand since the effectsof gravitydiffer
on Mars, doesthismeanthat time operatesata differentratioonMars than on Earth? Are the effects
simplynegligibleorare theymeasurable?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yesthat is wonderful!Thankyou.Iam surprisedthere are only3 educator
astronauts.
<Laure Strom> Howmany pilotsandaircraftdo you have inthe fleetthatdo these parabolicflight
maneuvers?Anddothe pilotsessentiallyuse ag-metertodetermine how/whentheyhave reached0gs
or
Lunar/Martiangravity?
<OliviaMcAuley>Whattype of trainingisneededinorderforsomeone tobe on the flight?

35. <Sara Malloy - NASA>Hi Chris - My favorite memoriesfromzerogare the lookson everyones'face
duringthe firstparabolaand whentheyhave that"ah-ha"moment.Itis pricelesstosee myflightteams
achieve theirgoalsandcomplete theirresearchinsuchan enviroment.Mypersonal favorite waswhen
I was ona flightthatAstronautClayAndersonwason.Clayspent6 monthson ISSand he knowshowto
do whathe wantsinthe environment.He floatedpastme andturn to sitrightas gravitywasreturning.
It was amazingtosee such control and I will alwaysrememberthatmoment
<ChrisHockenberry>Whenthe elementsbonddifferently,dothose bondstendtobe weaker,stronger,
or the same inmicrogravity,orare the resultsvarying?
<Steve Martinez>Can we contact youwithany future questionsregardingparticipatinginthe reduced
gravityprogram?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Joshua- The answerisa lotof researchis beingdone onlong-termexposureto
microgravity.One example isabed-reststudythatisbeingdone withalocal hospital where they
measure the effectsandrecoverytime of patients. Itisdefinitelyanareaof interestaswe start
planninglongerdurationmissions
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Sassan - Notto my knowledge
<AndrewBranhamDyer> You mentionedearlieraboutelementsbondingtogetherdifferentlyinzero
gravity.Isthere currentlyanyresearchbeingconductedinzerogravityforGeneticallyModified
Organisms
(GMO's) to enhance the yieldof intendedreorganizations.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Braulio - my bestadvice forthe proposalsisdo yourresearch,start earlyand
understandwhymicrogravityisneeded.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Amy - I am not a roverexpert,butI wouldsayfromexperiencingMartian
gravitythat there isenoughgravitytoholdyoudownto the ground
<Richard Bennett2> What typesof 3d printinghave been attemptedinmicrogravity,andhow hasthe
microgravityaffectedthe finaloutcome?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Chris - Notspecifically,butthatsoundslike agoodideato researchfora
proposal. I rememberateamthat useda electriccurrenttocreate an artificial orbit. Itwas prettycool
<Sassan K.Darian> What was the feasibilityof the resultsof thatexperimentinwhichateamusedan
electriccurrenttocreate an artificial orbit?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Shane - Itdependsonthe pilotssince all the parabolasare flownmanually.
Hyperglastsabout 45 secondsonbothends.Zerog is15-25 seconds,Lunar isabout 40 secondsand
Martian

36. isabout 30 seconds
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At AE Pearson - in the aircraftenvironment,testinghastohappeninabout30
secondsat a time andthenyou have the complicationof hypergravitytofactorout. Thisenvironmentis
not
reallysuitedforlong-termtype studies
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At AE Pearson - My experienceshave notbeenlongenoughtocompare withthe
bone and muscle masslossthatastronautsexperience ontheirISSmissions
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Richard - I have seenseveral attemptsat3D printinginthe microgravity
aircraft.I wouldsuggestyoulookat the Made In Space companysince theyhave beenfairlysuccessful
inthis
area
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Sassan - To my undderstanding,there are measurable differencesonMars. For
example,the communicationlagbetweenMarsand Earth. Notsure if that reallyanswersyourquestion
<Sassan K.Darian> I mean,do the agingof spacecraftand the suchdifferwithinthesedifferent
environments?
<Richard Bennett2> great,thanksfor the infoon made inspace.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Didyou have to take anythingformotionsicknessforyourexperiences? Ordoesit
not reallyhave thatmuchof an impactbecause the time constraintsare soshort?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Laure - There is onlyone aircraftinthe UnitedStatesthatfliesparabolicona
regularbases,andwe usuallyhave apilot,co-pilotand aflightengineeronboard - and I know there are
several thatcan rotate in as needed,butIdon'thave an exactnumber.Since the parabolasare flown
manually,the parabolaisa balance betweenthe pilotandco-pilotandtheyuse the horizonandcan feel
it.
There are alsoaccelometersonboard
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Giventhe opportunitiesinprivatizationof space travel,have youseenan
increase incorporate entitiesbeginningtoconductexperiments.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Thankyou foranswering all myquestions!Iamwatchingonof yourvideosonline.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Olivia- To be clearedforflight,there isamedical questionnaireanda2-hours
physiological trainingcourse thatwe arrange duringthe flightweek.The course includesspatial
disorientation,whathappenstoyourbodyat altitude andwhatemergencyequipmentisonboard
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Chris - itdepends. Ithinkthatis a good areafor you toresearch

37. <A.E. PearsonHaas> Good questionChris!
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Steven - Yes,youcan contact me at jsc-reducedgravity@nasa.govwithany
questionsrelatedtothe ReducedGravityEducationFlightProgram
<Sassan K.Darian> DoesNASA employpsychologistsandthe suchto be permanentemployeesof NASA?
I am studyingpsychology/psychopathologyandamplanningtogetmy Ph.D.inneuroscience;isthere a
relatedfieldof psychologythatNASA employs?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Andrew - Notthat I am aware of,butNASA isa bigplace - so there couldbe
<Steve Martinez>thankyou!!!
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Sassan - I wouldhave todig outtheirreport,I don't rememberoff the topof
my head. It wasseveral yearsagoand we see hundredsof people everyyear
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At AE Pearson - There are optional medicationsthatare made available to
participants.Itisscopolamine.Everyone experiencesthe environmentdifferentandthere isnowayto
tell howit
will effectyou.
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Asa Final question,whatare the opportunitiesforstudentinternshipsandor
employmentinyourfield. Thankyoufor all the greatinfo.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Andrew - Notin myprogram specifically. However,thereare companiesthat
workwithour FlightOpportunityProgram
<Sara Malloy - NASA>Definitelycheckoutthisvideo!!http://youtu.be/nJdWUifhkbE
<A.E. PearsonHaas> @ an extensionof Sassan'squestion,sortof....underthe neuroscience.Ihave been
thinkingof changingmymajor,I justgot acceptedfora Neuroscience program.Iwaswondering....can
we write a proposal tostudythe braininmicrogravitybybringingaportable Emotivdevice andtestit
before andafter?Or wouldwe have tochange our majorsto participate inMicrogravity?
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Sassan - yes,there are psychologiststhatare employedhere
<AndrewBranhamDyer> AWESOME VIDEO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
<AmyGlazier>I have anotherquestion,if it'snottoolate -- whathave we learnedaboutcreating
artificial gravityfromexperimentsinzero-/microgravity?Iknow it'spossible tomimicgravityusinga
centrifuge-typeeffect,butIwaswonderingwhatotherresearchhasbeendone onthis.
<Sassan K.Darian> Great question/commentbyAndreaPearsonHaas

38. <Sara Malloy - NASA>At Andrew - We normallyhave 1internduringthe springsemesterand1 intern
duringthe summer.Butthere are a lotof great internshipopportunitiesatNASA.Definitelycheckout
http://intern.nasa.gov/
<Laure Strom> That makessense--stable planeandpilotstoflythe parabolicpathandcreate the
negative-g(Earth) environment.
<Sara Malloy - NASA>You don't have to change yourmajor specificallyforthisprogramsince majorsare
not a determiningfactorforparticipation.Youmustbe 18 or older,a US Citizenanda full-time
undergradstudent
<Sara Malloy- NASA>However,inmyprogram, there isa policyof notestingonvertebrate animals.
Please see http://microgravityuniversity.jsc.nasa.gov/theProposal/index.cfmformore information
<Sassan K.Darian> I thinkI missedthe beginningof the chatwhere youmentionedthis.Butwhere do
we go to applyforthe program?
<ChrisHockenberry>Doesmylittle brothercountas a vertabrate animal?Imean...he hasthe animal
part downpat and isspinelessinmostsituations...
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Amy - that isa greatarea to research.Unforunatelysince the periodsof
microgravityare short,it maybe difficulttotestinthisprogram. I have seencentrifuge-type
experiementsdone
on a small scale
<AmyGlazier>Thank you!
<Sassan K.Darian> Thank youso much foryour time today!
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Sassan - http://microgravityuniversity.jsc.nasa.gov/
<StevenVickers>Thankyousomuch Sara!!!!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Thankyou!
<Sara Malloy - NASA>At Chris - yes,yourlittle brotherwouldcountasa vertabrate
<OliviaMcAuley>ThankyouSara for all of the informationthatyougave ustoday.
<Jeannette Briggs>Thankyoufor takingthe time to chat withus!
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Thanksso much formakinga difference!!!Yourleadershipandworkare
greatlyappreciated!!!!!!!!!!!!
<LibbyNorcross> ThanksSara!

39. <Sassan K.Darian> Unbelievable anduniqueopportunity
<Sassan K.Darian> Who else wouldanswersuchquestions?Thanksagain:)
<RobertWhite>Thank You Sara!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Hope to getto work withyouinthe future!
<ChrisHockenberry>thankyouMa'am!!!!
<AmyGlazier>We reallycan't thankyouenough -- thishas beenawesome.Thanks,Sara!
<Sara Malloy - NASA>Thank youall for yourgreat questions.Thankyouforyourinterestin thisprogram
and hanginginthere while Iwastryingto answereveryone. Ilookforwardtohearingfromyouand
seeingthe proposalsyoucome upwith.
<J Bentley>Thankyoufor yourtime withus thiswasveryinformational I'mgladIgot to be a part of it.:)
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I promise toworkon a proposal foryou Sara :)
TranscriptsSarmiento
> Hi folks!My name is Laura SarmientoandI currentlyworkasa contractor forJohnsonSpace Center
witha projectcalledthe InternationalSpace StationMedical Project
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Later dude...holditdownforusuntill we getthere!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> YAY@ Laura
<OliviaMcAuley>Hi Laura
<Jeannette Briggs>Hi!
> I workwiththe life science experimentsthatflyonthe ISS.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yesgive us a bighug whenwe getto where youare
<BraulioReyes>HeyLaura!
<JenniferWeir>Hi Laura! Are youby any chance relatedtoDr. Jorge Sarmiento,Calculusteacherat
CountyCollege of Morris?
<AngelinaBurnett>Hi Laura!
<Amy Glazier>HelloLaura!
> I toowas a High School Aerospace Scholarinhighschool andcant stressenoughhow greatthe
aerospace scholarsprogramsare
<RobertWhite>HelloLaura Sarmiento.:)
> Jennifer,nope,butSarmientoisactuallyafairlycommonname
<Elyse Conley>Wow!It'sso great to meetanotherpersonwho'sbeenthroughthe program!
<AndrewBranhamDyer> What sortsof speciescancontinue hibernationandperhapsmore importantly,

40. awakenfromit inspace?
<JenniferWeir>Whatisyour educational background?
> Andrewthatsa goodquestion,butIam not sure on that answer.Iworkon experimentswhere the
astronautsare our testsubjects
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Wouldthe ISSbe a suitable returnmedical briefingpointforanastronautreturning
fromMars?
> I recievedaBSin NeurobiologyfromThe Universityof TexasatAustin
<AmyGlazier>What kindsof testsdo you runon them?
<AmyGlazier>(The astronauts,that is.)
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Howlong will we have the ISSbefore docking?
<Elyse Conley>Youalsoworkwithscience payloads?Isthatfor roversor mannedmissions?
<RobertWhite>How isphlebotomypracticedatthe ISS?
> A.E.That soundslike agood use of ISS to me.But dontknow if thats inthe planor not.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Howdo we selectexperimentstotravel tothe ISS,human or non.What isthe
longestsomeone hasstayedatISS?What isa Science Paylod?
> Amy,we have manydifferenttestsforthemtochoose from.We are lookingat muscle atrophy,
nutrition,sleephabits,anthropometricchanges(height/weight),exercise,etc.
> A.Eby dockingdoyou meanhowlongis the ISSplannedtobe in orbit?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Howdo we put inif we wouldlike tobe testsubjectsfora humanexperiementon
ISS,specificallythe use of anEmotivportable device tomonitorbrainwaveactivities,and
so forth?
<ChrisHockenberry>Are youguys investigatingthe chemical make upofthe cellsof the pringleophaga
caterpillarfromantarticathat producesa natural forof antifreeze tppreventcellular
rupture fromthe ice crystals,asa wayto place humansin cryo hibernationtoendure the longtrek
betweenplanets?
<JenniferWeir>Whatisdone to keepastronautsmoving,andtopreventthingslike embolisms,clotting,
pneumoniaandmuscle atrophy?
> Elyse,Iworkwiththe science formannedmissions.Asaco-opstudentatJSC I didworkwithdifferent
soil analysistechniquesthatcouldbe usedonthe moon or Mars
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Yeswhenwill itneedtobe done withorbitor can we repairand buildontoit?
> Robert,the astronautsrecieve phlebotomytrainingsince theydotake bloodsamplesformedical and
researchpurposes.
<Elyse Conley>Whatsort of projectsdoesthat entail?Isitlife supportrelated,ormore about
environmental experimentation?
<OliviaMcAuley>Laura,have youvisitedthe ISS?If youhave can you tell usa little bitaboutwhatit
lookslike?
<AmyGlazier>Do we knowof any healthbenefitstobeinginspace,orare there onlyhazards?
> A.E.NASA putsout a requestforexperimentsbasedonwhatquestionstheywantanswered.Things
like,howdoesnutritionchange inspace.WhenNASA selectsthe experimentitcomesto
my groupfor implementation.thismeanswe trainthe astronautsonthe experiment,we have aback
room inmissioncontrol tosupportwhile the experimentisbeingconductedandare the
liasonbetweenthe PrincipalInvestigatorandNASA

41. <A.E. PearsonHaas> @ Amy,some astronautsreportthat they sleepbetterinspace due tono gravity,
lightandthe intensityof travel,mayalsobe a factor,so I have heard
> The ISS missionsare about6 monthslong.
<RobertWhite>Doesthe lackof gravityseparate the white cellsfromthe redcellsoristhe centrifuge
usedinthat envirnmentaswell
> Payloadisa termusedfor the science experiments
<ChrisHockenberry>What affectdoes0g have on the microbial life inthe humandigestive system?
> A.E.there isa call fortest subjectssome time todobedreststudies.Bedrestinvolvesstayinginbed
withyouheadtilteddownslightlyforaperiodof time.Thissimulatessimilarthingsthat
happeninmicrogravity
<ChrisHockenberry>signme up
> Chris,Iam not sure,but that soundslike interestingresearch!
<Michael Rose> What's the mostchallengingpartof yourjob?
<ChrisHockenberry>ohoh oh pickme pickme pickme...mr carter...pickme
<A.E. PearsonHaas> @ ChrisLOL
> Jennifer,the astronautsexerciseabout2 hoursa day on station.There isa treadmill,abike,andaload
bearingmachine theyuse
<ChrisHockenberry>Isthe treadmill rallyname afterstevencolbertoristhat justa loadof bs?
> A.E.I believethe lifeof ISSfornowis until 2020, but I believe thereistalkof extendingthatdate
> Elyse,the researchdone onISSthat I workwithinvolves investigatingwhatishappeningtothe bodyin
space and investigatingdifferenttechniquestocounteractwhat ishappening
<A.E. PearsonHaas> So if we have a proposal forthese experimentswe have discussedhere tonight,
can we developthem,andsend themtoyouto requestadvice?
> For example,studieswere doneawhile agoaboutmuscle atrpohysowe know theylose muscle mass.
There are experimentsthatare lookingatdifferenttypesof exercise tosee whichreduces
the amountof loss
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Are there a lotof experimentswithmedicine thathasgone throughthe stagesof
testingtobe FDA approvedforearththat is usedinan ISSenvironmentaswell?
> Olivia,noIhaventbeentoISS(International Space Stationif Ididntspellitout earlier-sorrywe love
our acronymsat NASA) butmaybe one day.Onlyastronautsand cosmonautsgetthat
privilage
<ChrisHockenberry>Howcool isit to workfor NASA - knowingthatmillionsof boys,girls,men,and
womenenvyyoureverywakingmoment?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Can we be an astronautcosmonaut:) ?
<Elyse Conley>Sothendo spaceshipdesignswhichprovide artificialgravityprovideinternal health
benefits?Otherthansolvingsome of the problemsof muscle atrophy?
> Amy,thatsa good question.AndIamnot reallysure of the answer.I betthere are some benefits,but
the humanbody worksbestin1G on earthso takesa lot to adaptto microgravity
> Robert,yeswe have a centrifuge forthe studiesthatcollectbloodandrequirethat.There is alsoa
freezertostore the samples
<ChrisHockenberry>I askedthe previousspeakerthis - butyousoundlike youmightknow as well - has
an workbeendone increatinga jumpsuitforthe astronautsto wearon the ISSthat

42. wouldprovide ahapticfeedbacktothe limbscausinginvoluntarymuscle activityasaway to prevent
muscle masslossforlongterm ISSinhabitants?
<RobertWhite>Thank You Laura
<AmyGlazier>Thanks!It got me thinkingwhenyoumentionedall the thingsyoutest,andIcouldn't
helpwondering....
<Elyse Conley>I'mthinkingof the proposalsfortetheredspace shipdesigns...Actually,dowe have any
shipsinthe worksthat couldprovide artificial gravity?
> Chris,Iam not sure of the exactansweron that butthere have beenstudies lookingintoit.If you
searchscience or experimentson nasa.gov youcanfinda plethoraof information(Iwill tryto
answerwhatI can though!)
<A.E. PearsonHaas> @ THANKYOU for answeringall of myearlierquestions,sorryif Iask so much I put
the ISS inmy proposal fora mannedmissiontomars
> Sorryguys if I getbehind,tryingnottomissa question!
<AmyGlazier>You're fine!We have time tothinkof more while youanswerthe previousquestions.:)
<StevenVickers>Iknowi'mlate to the conversation,sothismayhave alreadybeenanswered,butare
there anyplansto attemptto create a full ornear1G environmentinspace inordertoslow
the effectsof bone andmuscle loss?
<Elyse Conley>Haha!Yeah,thisway we can ask so manyquestions,you'llneverbe able togetthrought
them!
<JenniferWeir2>My internetwentdownforabitand I had to disconnectandreconnectmyrouter.
Nowthat I'm back in,all previouscommentsare gone!:(
<Elyse Conley>Sorrywe're notmore organizedwithourquestions!
> Michael,Ilove myjob,but itcan be challenging.Iworkonseveral differentexperimentssosometimes
jugglingthemcanbe intesnse.Also,whenwe supportoperations,the ISSrunsonGMT
time sotheir8AM isabout our 2AMso I go intowork inthe middle of the night.Itcan messwithyour
sleepscheulebutIlike supportingbecauseitisgreatto see the astronautsdoing
somethingyoutaughtthemtodo.
<Elyse Conley>Jennifer,I'll sendittoyou.
<RobertWhite>how wouldyoudeal withafluillnessinspace orwouldthatnot happenthere
<ChrisHockenberry>Has any workbeendone toinvestigatethe creationof akinemassicfieldto
simulate gravityinsmallareasonthe ISS,suchas the diningfacilities?
<A.E. PearsonHaas> That isveryinterestingLaura
<JenniferWeir2>Thanks,Elyse!
> Chris,the treadmill isindeednamedafterStephenColbert
> A.E.sure,I can lookat them.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Thankyou Laura
> A.E.yes,there are some experiments thatstudydifferentpharmaceuticals.We alsohave different
diagnostictechniques.Forexample we have anultrasoundmachineonISS
> Chris,itisdefinitelycool toworkat NASA :) I have beena space nerdmy whole life soitisa dream
come true job.I startedsimilarlytoyall andabsolutelylovedmyexperience.Iwouldntbe
where Iam today withoutthe aerospace scholarsprogram.SoI love beingable toshare withyall my

43. storyand hopefullyhelpyall withyours
<AngelinaBurnett>Iknowwe are a longwayfrom thisbut whatare yourthoughtson whatbasic
psychological orphysical criteriawouldfactorintoa generationalvoyage acrossspace?
<AmyGlazier>What are the most surprisingthingsyou've learnedaboutlivinginzero-Gthroughyour
experiments?
> Elyse,yes,artificial gravitywoulddefinitelyhelp.there are some groundstudiespeople are doing
lookingatdifferentwaystodothat.
<ChrisHockenberry>yall?youfromthe southas well laura???(BorninSan Antonioandlive inDAllas)
<A.E. PearsonHaas> @ Chrisme too:) YALL! I am from TEXASYALL
> Chris,Iam not sure of somethingspecificallyonISS,butI have heardof similardevicesonfighterpilots
that can give tactile feedbackof theirdirectinsoif theyare ina spinor cant see,they
can still have a sense of whatupand downis
<AmyGlazier>I thinkyouhave made all of us Texansveryhappybyusingthe word "yall.":)
<JenniferWeir2>Isthere anythinginplace tosendan astronauthome if he/she getsverysick?Towhat
extentismedical treatmentavailable inspace?
> Elyse,moststudiesonartificialgravitylookingatsome type of centrifuge technology
<AndrewBranhamDyer> What isthe protocol for the disseminationof scientificobservationsmade to
cooperative international partners.
<OliviaMcAuley>Ya'll isdefinitelyaSouthernword.:) Us NorthCaroliniansuse itall the time
<Laura-NASA>Steven,didi getyourquestionansweredonartificial gravity?
<StevenVickers>Yes,youdid.Thankyouverymuch.
<AngelinaBurnett>Iuse ya'll too andI'm from Michigan:0
<Laura-NASA>Jennifer,Ibelieve theywillpostthese chatsafterwardssoyoucan go back andlook
<Laura-NASA>Robert,actuallysome virusesare more virulentinspace.The astronautsare trained in
some medical scenariosandtheirflightdoctorsare on call for anysupportthat may be neededif that
were tohappen
<Laura-NASA>Chris,notreallysure onthat one.I am sure there have beenthough.Mighthave to have
google helpwiththatone :)
<RobertWhite>thank youlaura:)
<AndrewBranhamDyer> What causesthemto be more virulent.there abillitytomove freely?
<StevenVickers>Doyouknowhowplantsreact to the lack of gravity?Do theyhave difficulties
transportingwaterandminerals?
<Andrew BranhamDyer> Stev,Iwas wonderinghow theyknew whichwaywasup?

44. <Jeannette Briggs>Whathave the effectsof spendingtime onthe ISS,orany of the longermissionslike
the shuttle missions,hadonDNA replication?Iknow studieshave beenperformedonC.elegans
(basically,aworm) buthave data beencollectedfromastronautsatall?
<Laura-NASA>Angelina,interestingquestion.We are a longway fromthisbut itssomethinginteresting
to thinkabout.For longdistances,liketoMars, itis bettertosendastronautswhoare a bit older.There
isquite a bitof radiationexposure.Figuringoutthe bestwayto minimizeradiationwill greatlyincrease
the numberand range of agesof people travelingthroughspace
<ChrisHockenberry>Howlikelyorrealistic anandandromedastrainsituation?
<A.E. PH> Got disconnected.Didyougetmycan NeurobiologybuildNeuronsontopof Neuronsto help
construct computers,artificialintelligence,andrepairbraininjuries?
<A.E. PH> My dadsays I cannotbring overanyone withanAndromedastrain
<StevenVickers>Andrew,that'smore or lesswhati'masking.Plantsuse gravitytoassistinmineral
collectionandtransportation.Withoutit,cantheystill functionproperly?
<AngelinaBurnett>Andrew,maybeithassomething todowiththe closedenvironmentandthe
psychologyof beingsickinspace
<Laura-NASA>Amy,itsamazingto me that we have beenflyinginspace for50 yearsand we are still
discoveringthigns.one thingalotof people dontknow isthatyougrow inspace.The curvature of your
spine straightensoutandthe spacesbetweenyourintervertebraldiscswiden.Unfortunatelyforsome
folks,youdontstaytallerwhenyoucome back to earth
<AmyGlazier>That is *cool.*
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Good questionJeannette,thatwouldserveasan excellentzerogravity
experiment
<AngelinaBurnett>nodoubt
<A.E. PH> I didnot knowthat youcouldgrow inspace I was toldyoucouldnot and that iswhytheyfeel
like itisbad parentingtogetkidswhowant to go inspace or fly
<Laura-NASA>Chris,yesIam a native Texan.Yall isone of my favorite words!:)
<AmyGlazier>I knowyou're a waysawayfrom thisquestion,butdoyouthinkitmightbe possible
somedaytouse space forphysical therapyforpeople whohave spineconditions?Iwonderif itcould
helptocorrect nerve impingment,spondyolisthesis,andotherconditions.
<A.E. PH> I got loggedoutearlieryall canyouread me!?
<A.E. PH> My name isup there twice

45. <JenniferWeir2>Andrea,we readyou.
<Jeannette Briggs>@Amy - I've beensittinghere wonderingaboutspines..Ihave 4fusions,2
laminectomiesandmyastheniagravis. I've beenthinkingaboutthisalot :-)
<A.E. PH> Yay!
<AmyGlazier>I can readyou,Andrea!You're onlyunderA.E.PH now.
<A.E. PH> I am a womanAlberEinsteinwithapH balance
<AngelinaBurnett>If youspendtoomuch time inspace or are bornin space withreallylow gravity
wouldyoube able to go to Earth?
<JenniferWeir2>AndIhad the 2 namesthingfor a bit;eventuallythe original name justwentaway.
There isonlythe clone now,mwahahahaha!
<Laura-NASA>Jennifer,yes,the Soyuzcapsule thatthe crew flyupto ISSin stayswiththe stationuntil
theycome home.Itsabout an 8 hourjourneybackto Earth once undockingfromISS soif someone
neededtogetback theycould.There are resourcesonstation,suchas the ultrasoundmachine and
medical suppliestohelpinalotof cases
<AmyGlazier>Jeanette -- Ihave beentoo,butbecause myparentsboth have similarconditionstoyours
and itseemstorun in myfamily.Notsure if it'sgenetics,toomuchhard work,or both.Yikes!I hope
you're doingwell despite all of it.Iknowfromempathythatit's hard to deal withthatkindof stuff.
<Laura-NASA>Andrew,greatquestion.The internationalpartnersalsohave theirownexperimentsand
the astrnauts,be theyAmerican,Japanese,European,CanadianorRussianparticipate inall typesand
fromall countries
<AngelinaBurnett>Jennifer-LOL
<Jeannette Briggs>@Amy - as longas my brain works,I'm a happy camper.
<Laura-NASA>Andrew,Iam notsure why theyare more virulentinspace.Haventreadthat paperfrom
that study.But itsan interestingquestion
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Angelina,withall the evidence of speciesclasifiedasplants respondingto
soundwaves,perhapswe mightencourage the plantstoseekbeneficial soundwavesasaway to re
directthere directionof growth,sortof like ahomingdevice sayingcome home tomamma
<ChrisHockenberry>Doesitnot concernanyone else that the soyuzcapsulesinessence crashlandina
fieldforre-entry?
<A.E. PH> I wouldlike tobe an MD andbe able togo to the ISSand come downif I needto diagnose
someone fortheirbrainandbe able to performexperimentsinspace thatwouldhelpwith rebuilding
neuronsandtissues

46. <Laura-NASA>Steven,Idontworkwiththe plantexperimentsbuttheyhave themonISS.theydogrow
differentlyandtheyare experimentingwithdifferenttechniquestogetthemtogrow
<StevenVickers>Thanks!!
<Laura-NASA>Jeannette,Iamnotsure on that one.I believesome of the studieshave lookedatthat
but I am notsure onthe result.wouldbe interestingthough
<RobertWhite>concerningstemcell research>hasthere beenstudysonthisina space envirnment
<A.E. PH> Great questionRovert!
<A.E. PH> I meanRobert:)
<ChrisHockenberry>I like rovert
<Laura-NASA>Chris,there are tonsof differentenvironmentalmonitoringandcleaningactivitieson
stationto reduce threatsfromvirusesorbacteria
<AmyGlazier>Rovertcouldbe hisalter-egoasanautonomousroboticMars vehicle.;)
<A.E. PH> YEEHAW ROVERT!& No kissychrissy:P
<JenniferWeir2>Orhe couldname hisroverRovert.
<Laura-NASA>A.E.Notsure onthe neuroquestion
<Laura-NASA>yall are stumpingme!:)
<A.E. PH> Cool!
<AngelinaBurnett>LOLAmy
<RobertWhite>yea rovertlove it
<JenniferWeir2>Amybeatme to it.
<A.E. PH> I realyhope youdo notget irritatedwithme Robert,itreallywasa clerical errorandI had to
letit through
<OliviaMcAuley>@Amy lol
<Jeannette Briggs>@Robert - I was wodneringaboutthis,too...Iwaswonderingif stemcellscouldhelp
withsome of the negative effectslike muscle atrophyorbone loss...maybe notsomuchto replace the
tissuesbutas addedtissuestoproduce proteinstohelpstimulate thembiochemicallytonot
atrophy/waste.
<Laura-NASA>Amy,thatsa good questionandmaybe.Butthe lackof the normal compressionyouget
on earthof loadingandunloadingthe spine cancause issuessuchasback paininspace

47. <ChrisHockenberry>We shouldgetinvestorstofundtofirstchiropractor inoutterspace amy...
<AmyGlazier>Thanks!It hadn't occurredto me that itcouldwork bothways,causingpainby lackof
compressionorrelievingitbylackof compression.That'sinteresting....
<RobertWhite>i totallyagree cause if virusore more virulentmaybe organandtissue growthcan be
accelerated
<JenniferWeir2>Whatmedical advancementshave come outof ISSMP experiments?
<Laura-NASA>Angelina,thatisagreat questionandsomethingIdontthinkwe know the answertoo.
Comingback fromspace the astronautsusuallystartslow withtheirexerciseroutinestogetthemback.
Dependingonhowlongyouare up there itcouldtake longertoadapt back.Beingborn inspace though
posesa differentquestionthatwouldbe veryinterestingtoknow the answer.Butwe are a longway
fromthat
<AmyGlazier>Chris -- I am envisioningaspace hospital.Give me adecade or two to workout the
technical parts.;)
<Laura-NASA>Chris,yes,the Soyuz landingscanbe a little rough
<ChrisHockenberry>laura- howdoes0g affectthe diffusionof materialsacrossasemi permiablemem
berane,suchas that of a cell wal?
<Laura-NASA>Robert,Iam not sure.There are cell studiesonISS,butI am notsure of theirspecific
objectives
<AngelinaBurnett>Whataboutmice that go to ISS,do theyevercome back to Earth? If theyare in
space for a longtime do theyhave problemswhentheygetback?
<RobertWhite>thank youverymuch laura
<ChrisHockenberry>We can sell space condosforpeople withbackpainAmy...
<ChrisHockenberry>the venture capital ideasjustkeepflowing:)
<A.E. PH> (I am takingmyRovertfor a walkdownthe block) Has anyone done astudy onSallyRide
aboutwhetherornot her flightsin space contributedorhelpedstopthe cell divisioninthe cncer?
<JenniferWeir2>@Chris,that'ssome prettyexpensivereal estate.
<JenniferWeir2>Seller'smarketandsuch.
<ChrisHockenberry>The real estate isnot whatwill breakyourbank - its the cost forthe tripthere :)
<AmyGlazier>Anotherquestion -- youmentionedearlierthatit'sbetterto sendolderastronautson
long-termmissionsthatinvolve more radiationexposure.Unfortunately,the chatwindow resetsoI

48. don't have muchbefore thatfor context.Whyisit betterforthe astronautsto be older?Is itbecause
theircellsreplicate DNA more slowly,sofewerchancesforradiationdamage toaccumulate?
<Laura-NASA>Jennifer,alsoagreatquestion.Some of the technologywe use orthe techniques,like
remote guidingforultrasound,canbe usedinremote areasthatdont have accessto hospitals.Orsome
techniquesthathelprelieve backpaininspace can be useful onearth
<Laura-NASA>sorryguys myscreenjustrefreshed,the lastquestionIsaw wasJennifersaboutearth
benefits
<JoshuaMeier>What are some of the effectsof 0-gon the brain andneurological systems?
<AngelinaBurnett>Whataboutmice that go to ISS,do theyevercome back to Earth? If theyare in
space for a longtime do theyhave problemswhentheygetback?
<AmyGlazier>I can still see mosteverything.Ican workon repostingquestionsthatwere missed.
<JenniferWeir2>Wow,fascinating,thankyou!
<Laura-NASA>Amy,the thoughtwitholderastronautsIbelieveisthattheyhave alreadydone things
like have childrenwhere radiationwoudl be afactor
<AmyGlazier>Okay,that makessense too.Thanks!
<ChrisHockenberry> laura - how does0g affectthe diffusionof materialsacrossasemi permiable mem
berane,suchas that of a cell wall?
<Laura-NASA>Joshua,there are some studieslookingatthat.Mostlystudyingreactiontime.Couldbe
due to factors suchas stressand fatigue butbeinginspace definitelyisadifferentenvironment
<ChrisHockenberry>ack - can't spell tonight - membrane - notmemberane
<Laura-NASA>Angelina,yesIbelieve the mice theyhave sentcome back.Ihaventworkedwiththose
experimentsbutagainIam sure the researchis outthere on some of the effects
<Laura-NASA>Thankyou Amy,itusuallydoesntrefreshthatfaston me!
<Sassan K.Darian> Hi all :) I hope the transcriptgoesup forthe chatstonight:)
<AmyGlazier>Well,Iwouldrepostquestions,butIthinkall of theirrespective askershave done it
already.Youguysare quick!
<AmyGlazier>Oh wait,one:<A.E. PH> (Iam takingmy Rovertfor a walkdownthe block) Has anyone
done a studyon SallyRide aboutwhetherornother flightsinspace contributedorhelpedstopthe cell
divisioninthe cncer?
<Sassan K.Darian> I knowtheyclaimthat theyhave nottestedsex withhumansinspace,buthave they
testedhowreproductionwouldoccurinotheranimalsanda resultingpregnancy?

49. <ChrisHockenberry>I like thatsassan - they"Claimed"theyhave not
<Laura-NASA>Chris,interestingquestion,particlesdoact differentlyinspace.Iam notsure of that
specificquestionbutif yousearchDon Pettitonyoutube youcan findsome greatvideos.He isan
astronautwhojust flewforthe secondtime onISS.Asa physisthe dida lotof hisownlittle experiments
on differentpropertiesinspace andhasthe you tube videosthatshow it.theyare reallygreatif you
love thatstuff
<ChrisHockenberry>;)
<AngelinaBurnett>Ihave to do storytime withthe kiddosbutI wantedtosay thankyouso much Laura,
I have reallyenjoyedthischatsession!Nightya'll
<Laura-NASA>Sassan,mostof itshould,Iam tryingto copy itall before itrefreshes:)
<A.E. PH> Yes Laura sorry guysmy RovertSquire Maguire neededtowalk.Are theygoingtobe doing
testson Sally Ride postmorteumtodetermine whetherornother cancer wasacceletratedoroff put
fromdivisiondue tospace cnditions?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> OK.. So Laura...withall thiscooperationfrominternational partners,canI
assume theirisa global cognitive understandingof the enviromentwithinwhichourheavenlyEarthis
existing,withall the dangerousintricasiesof space.Shouldnotagreatersense of sentience andurgency
existwiththese partnerstoprotecthumanitiestruth,jutice,andwayof life. Thiswill be mylastquestion
and I graciouslythankyouforyour zoeticinspiration.Hope tomeetyousomeday
<Sassan K.Darian> :)
<JenniferWeir2>GoodnightAngelina!
<Laura-NASA>A.E.youmean wasspaceflightafactorin hercancer? I am not sure.The astronautsdo
getmore radiationonISSthenwe do here on earth.butwhetherornot it wasa factoris hard to say
<AmyGlazier>On the note of Don Pettitbeingaphysicist,I've beenwantingtoask -- whatkindsof
scientistsdoesNASA employ?Ionlyreallyknow of scientistsinbiology- andengineering-relatedfields.I
personallyamstudyingastrophysics.I'dlove toworkwithNASA,butI'mnot sure that theyactuallyhave
any use foran astrophysicist....I'dappreciateanyinsightyouhave onbeing ascientistwithNASA,Laura.
<RobertWhite>have there beenstudiesonthe female monthycycle andandeffectsonthat
<Laura-NASA>Sassan,goodquestion,andIam not sure on the answer.Some of the mice studiesmight
have some of that information
<A.E. PH> Why do theygetmore radiationfromthe heatin the travellingatthose speeds?
<Laura-NASA>NightAngelina!

50. <ChrisHockenberry>Doesthe ISS needaComputerScientist?Imeanif there isa bug,whobetterto fix
it thanthe programmerwhoison site :-D
<Sassan K.Darian> How manyyearsin advance are most of these projectsonthe drawingboard for?
<AmyGlazier>(Also,Laura-- if youneed,Ijust copiedeverythingafter"<Andrew BranhamDyer>What
isthe protocol forthe disseminationof scientificobservationsmade tocooperative international
partners."I can sendyouat leastpart of the transcriptina Word documentif youwouldlike ittocross-
checkwhat youhave to make sure there aren't anygaps.)
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Sassan,so gladyouare here mybrother.How aboutMSL findingthe fertile
aluvial plane of Gale Craterupontouchdown.Iwonderif theywuill findanySumerianClayCones.
<ChrisHockenberry>of course we will needyouremail addresstosendyouanything;)
<Laura-NASA>Andrew, thougtprovokingquestion.Ipersonallythinkmovingoutwardinspace and
learningmore aboutouruniverse givesthe opportunitytohave agreaterappreciationof Earth
<A.E. PH> Do you thinkwe couldeventuallyhave classroomsinouterspace?Orteachers withstudents
to workon theirthesisordissertations?
<ChrisHockenberry>Are excitedaboutthe jamesWebbSpace TelescopeLaura?
<A.E. PH> Or do theyhave that now?& not includingthe 3teachersforNASA but like partnershipswith
the commercial programwithNASA
<Laura-NASA>Amy,fantasticquestion.Yes,astrophysistsworkatNASA.The greatthingaboutNASA is
whateverpassionyouhave there islikelyawaytoapplyit at NASA.We have foodscientistsworkingon
the foodthat goeson ISS,photographersthattrainthe crew on the camerasand helpwiththe imagery,
there are engineersbuldingeverythingfromspaceshipstovacuumcleanersforspace andeverythingin
between
<Laura-NASA>remembertoothatthere are 10 NASA centersaroundthe country that each workin
manydifferentareas.
<AmyGlazier>(Andrew -- Ijustcaught up and readyour question.I'mgladI'mnot the onlystudentwho
lovesscience partlybecause of the philosophicalimplicationsof itall.:) )
<Sassan K.Darian> What kindof psychologists/neuroscientistsdoyouemploy?
<Laura-NASA>Robert,Iam not sure,but again,wouldbe interestingresearch
<AmyGlazier>Thank you,Laura! That's awesome toknow.Iactuallydo nature photographyinmyspare
time...completelydifferentIknow,butthe pointisthat I understandcameras,andit's cool to knowthat
I couldevenuse thatknowledge inacareerwithNASA!
<A.E. PH> Thank youLaura!

51. <A.E. PH> You are awesome!
<Elyse Conley>Thankssomuch!
<RobertWhite>thank youlaura
<Laura-NASA>A.E.the ISS flysinlowearthorbitabout 200 milesabove the surface of the earth.Earths
atmosphere doesagreatjob of blockingalot of radiationinspace.You getmore onISS and evenmore
radiationexposure asyoumove beyondlow earthorbit
<JenniferWeir2>Thankyouso much Laura, foryour time andpatience withall of ourrapid-fire
questions.You've beensoinformative.
<StevenVickers>Thankyouforyour time,Laura.You have beenveryhelpful.Iknow Iam personally
evenmore inspiredtocontinue mygoal of workingforNASA.Keepupthe goodwork!
<Laura-NASA>Chris,defintielyagoodskill tohave onISS.And there are manycomputerscientistson
the groundworkingon all the differentsystemsonISS
<Jeannette Briggs>Laura- Thank youso much forthe chat!
<AmyGlazier>Thank youso much foransweringourinfinite questions,Laura!It's beenawesometalking
withyou.
<OliviaMcAuley>Laura,thanksfor yourtime and the informationyouhave givenus.Itwasenlightening
<ChrisHockenberry>Yes - thankyou Laura
<Laura-NASA>Sassan,howlongan experimentisinworkdependsonthe experiment,mostof themisa
processthat takesa fewyears
<RobertWhite>thank youverymuch foransweringall myquestions
<JoshuaMeier>Thank you!
<Sassan K.Darian> I echoeveryone,thankyousomuch:)
<Laura-NASA>Amythankyou,yesa worddoc wouldbe good.Yall can sendme questionsto
laura.sarmiento@lmco.compleaseputNCASinthe subjectsoitdoesntgo tojunk!
<AmyGlazier>Alright!I'll stayhere until I'msure there are nomore messages,thenI'll senditoff toyou
posthaste.
<Laura-NASA>A.E.I hope so!Classrooms,livingspaces,laboratoriesandmore wouldbe greatinspace
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Good Call Chris.RememberDr.StephenBeckwith, andI salute JWST.
<A.E. PH> ThanksLaura!

52. <AndrewBranhamDyer> What isthe constructionof the space craft wallsplease!!!!!!!!!
<Laura-NASA>Thankyou guys,I hope Iansweredatleastsome of yall'squestions.WithyourNCAS
experience, take ineverymoment,askquestionsandlearnasmuchas you can.I also co-opedwithJSC
so if youhave any questionsaboutthatletme know.Yall are a smart groupand definintelyexcited.I
wisheachof yall the bestinyour future andhope youcontinue tohave a thirstfor knowledge!
<Michael Rose> Thankyou
<Sassan K.Darian> Thank you!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1
<Sassan K.Darian> !!!!!!!!!!!*
<ChrisHockenberry>papermache Andrew - theymake new wallsduringartsand crafts time inthe
evenningsafterdinner
<RobertWhite>thank you
<AmyGlazier>Thank you!You have beenbothenlighteningandencouraging!
<Sassan K.Darian> Have a great night.
<Laura-NASA>Yall have a great nighttoo
TRANSCRIPTS- CRAWFORD
<A.E. PearsonHaas> COOL!
<ChrisHockenberry>Awesome!
<LibbyNorcross> Can't wait!
<OliviaMcAuley>That'sveryamazingto hear.:)
<AndrewBranhamDyer> CHA-CHING!!!!!!
<AmyGlazier>Oh wow,that's amazing!
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Hi Andrew!(Didhe come back)?

53. <StevenVickers>Awesome
<J Bentley>Wow!!
> Helloeverybody! Thankssomuch forhavingme!
<AndrewBranhamDyer> WELCOME
<Jeannette Briggs>Hello!
> I wasso luckyto have Sara as a Mentorand she rocked!
<Richard Bennett2> Hello
<JenniferWeir>Hi!
> Howare all your projectsandproposalscoming along?
<AmyGlazier>Thank youfor beinghere!Iknow we're goingtohave a millionquestions....
<AndrewBranhamDyer> I understandyouare involvedinthe CuriosityMission.
<Richard Bennett2> Almostdone withmyImg.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> I am cleaning upmine.Mine isforan intelligentrobotrovertoassistwitha
mannedmission
> Ha, fire away!we justlandedonMars soeverybodyisfiredup!
<OliviaMcAuley>The projectsare comingalongfine forme.
<A.E. PearsonHaas> Drawingismuch harderbecause Iam notgreat at 3D inPaint
<LibbyNorcross> Ohmy goodness.So,Andrew,what'syourrole inthe CuriosityMSLmission?
<AndrewBranhamDyer> Readyfortakeoff andsample return.
<JenniferWeir><JenniferWeir>Ijustsubmittedbyfinal assignmentearliertoday,soexcited.
<LibbyNorcross> That wasa spectacularlanding,btw;)
<Laure Strom> I am doingokayas well.
<Richard Bennett2> Firedupin Delaware!Ididn'tsleepthe othernight.
<ChrisHockenberry>Mine isfor a scout rovermissiontoasseslandingareasandgrow conditionsfora
mannedmissiontofollow
<AmyGlazier>It's beencomingalongfantastically!I've beeninspiredalotby Curiosityformyproject.