2. 1 of 39
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Ethiopian financial markets
Ethiopian financial institutions
Financial regulation in Ethiopia
Chapter contents
3. 2 of 39
February 2016
Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Money markets
is where short term securities are traded
securities traded in this market include
government treasury bills
time deposits
interbank loans
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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February 2016
Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Government treasury bills
are debt instruments issued by the federal
government.
have maturities of 28 days,91 days ,182 days,
and 364 days
are sold at a discount through non-competitive
auction
banks and non-bank firms participate in the
treasury bill market
non-bank firms include insurance companies,
social security agency, corporations and the
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Government treasury bills…
banks have been the primary investors in
government treasury bills buying 89% of
bills in 2006 and 74% in 2007.
however, non-bank firms became major
investors since 2008 with 93% in 2008 and
67% in 2009.
the weighted average yield on treasury bills
has increased from 5.3% in 2006 to 7.9% in
2009
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
0.00
10,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
60,000.00
70,000.00
2006 2007 2008 2009
Treasurybill purchases by investor type
Amount sold Banks Non banks
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Treasury bill Price Per Br 100 Face Amount
Treasury bill Yield
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
28 Days 99.951 99.943 99.886
91Days 99.783 99.757 99.703
182 Days 99.657 91.352 99.645
2008/09 2009/10 2010/11
28 Days 0.64% 0.74% 1.49%
91 Days 0.87% 0.98% 1.19%
182 Days 0.69% 18.99% 0.71%
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Time deposits (CDs)
issued by commercial banks
investors include other banks, non-bank
financial institutions, private corporations,
public enterprises, and retail customers
it accounted for 7.1% of total deposit in
2006 and 4.5% in 2009
time deposits are kept with varying
maturities of a few months to more than 2
years
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
0.00%
1.00%
2.00%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
Interets
rate
Trendsof returnson time deposit
Up to 1 yr
1-2 yrs
Over 2 yrs
10. 9 of 39
February 2016
Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Interbank loan Market
commercial banks borrow from each other
it began operation in September 1998
since then a total of Br 292mill interbank
loan has been extended between
November 2000 and April 2008.
the maximum interbank loan was made in
2003 by the amount of Br 93.43mill
No interbank loan has been extended
since 2008
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Interbank loan…
term of interbank loan ranges from
overnight to 5 years
Interest on interbank loan ranges between
7% to 11%.
Lenders included CBE, AIB, BoA, and NIB
Borrowers included NIB, Wegagen and
Awash
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000
Nib International Bank
Commercial Bank of Ethiopia
Awash International Bank
Bank of Abyssinia
Interbankloanlenders by aggregate loan size
14. 13 of 39
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 140000 160000
Awash international bank
Wegagen bank
Nib International bank
Interbank loan borrowersby aggregate loan size
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Capital Markets
Why Capital Markets?
Enhanced saving mobilization
Help in resource allocation
Promote efficient financial system
Help term transformation and improve
capital structure
Allow deconcentration of ownership
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Capital markets
Why Capital Markets?...
Improve accounting and auditing
standards
Attract Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)
Provide effective tools for monetary and
fiscal policy
Help privatization efforts
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Capital markets…
no capital market in Ethiopia
despite an intense pressure from
entrepreneurs, academicians and
international financial institutions such as
IMF & WB, the Ethiopian government
didn’t want to establish capital markets in
the country. (Go to List of SEs in Africa)
but capital market instruments are offered
to investors informally. Eg. Stocks and
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Bonds
are issued by public enterprises(EEPCO and
Ethio Telecom), state/regional governments,
and development bank of Ethiopia(DBE)
during 2009/10 bonds by the total amount of
Br10.86bill were issued of which nearly half
is by EEPCO
Value of bonds outstanding by June 2011
totaled Br 40.3 bill compared to 27.7bill in
2010
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
EEPCO
Regional
governments
Development
Bank of Ethiopia
Private sector
Amount of bonds issued in 2009/10 by
issuer type
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
Public enterprises
60%
Regional governments
25%
DevelopmentBank of
Ethiopia
15%
Private sector
0%
Valueof bondsoutstandingby June 2010
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Stocks
Despite absence of capital markets,
financial institutions and corporations
directly issue their stocks to the general
public.
Due to absence of a secondary market,
investors seek the help of the original
issuers when they want to sell their stocks
Stocks of banks are highly demanded
than non-bank financial institutions,
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Mortgages
mortgage loans are extended by
construction and business bank(CBB),
and Commercial Bank of Ethiopia(CBE).
CBE has been extending mortgage loans
to condominium owners.
the banks do not have any options other
than keeping the mortgage loans until
maturity
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Foreign Exchange Market
Foreign currencies are traded through an
open auction between NBE and Banks
and among banks in the country.
Auction is organized by the National Bank
of Ethiopia
Currencies traded in the forex market
include: - US DOLLAR - JAPANESE YEN -
SWIDISH KRONER
- EURO - SOUTH AFRICAN RAND - SWISS FRANC
- UAE DIRHAM - CANADIAN DOLLAR - POUND STERLING
6.1 Ethiopian financial markets
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
Banks
81%
Insurance
4%
MFI
15%
Relativesize of financial institutionsbycapital
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Banks
State owned Vs private
Development, construction , and
Commercial banks
By June 2010, there were 19 banks, of
which 16 were private while 3 are state
owned
Banks account for 81% of capital of
financial institutions in the country
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Banks(Brief History)
Bank of Abyssinia established in 1905
BoA was dissolved in 1931 and Bank of
Ethiopia was set up
Many private banks were established after
the Italians left
State Bank of Ethiopia was founded in 1943
and splitted into NBE and CBE in 1963
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Banks(Brief History)…
The Agricultural and Industrial Development
Bank (AIDB) was established in 1970 and the
Housing and Saving Bank(HSB) in 1975.
Many private banks and insurance companies
were operating in the financial industry before
the 1974 revolution.
The derg nationalized all private banks
merging them with CBE, and all private
insurance companies with EIC
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Banks(Brief History)
The banks were used as instruments in
exercising socialist economic policy
The 1994 banking reform reopened the
financial industry to private investors
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Insurance companies
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Ethio-Life Insurance. Co.
Lion Insurance. Co.
United Insurance. Co.
Oromia Insurance. Co.
Africa Insurance. Cc
Nib Insurance. Co.
Nile Insurance. Co.
Global Insurance. Co.
Awash Insurance. Co.
Nyala Insurance. Co.
National Insurance. Co.
Ethiopian Insurance. Co.
S
Ize of insurersby capital as of J
une 2010
31. 30 of 39
February 2016
Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Micro-finance institutions
The five largest MFIs; namely
Amhara
Dedebit
Oromia
Omo and
Addis Credit and Savings Institutions
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Formal financial institutions
Pension Funds
Social Security Agency
• Administers pension programs for public sector
employees
• Private firms used to run their own Provident
Fund
• Private sector pension fund has been established
through Regulation No 202/2011
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Semi-formal financial institutions
Employee Credit & Saving Associations
are supervised NOT by the NBE, but by
Federal Cooperatives agency
Attract deposits
Extend consumer loans
Invest in shares of companies and run
businesses of their own
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
Informal financial institutions
Iqqub
are variants of Rotating Saving and Credit
Associations(ROSCAS)
Established within family and friendship
groups
6.2 Ethiopian financial institutions
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
NBE regulats the financial market
Issues licenses to Banks, Insurance
firms,and Microfinance Institutions.
Regulats the financial sector through
issuance of directives.
Supervises banks,Insurance companies
and MFIs
6.3 Financial market regulation in
Ethiopia
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February 2016
Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
NBE regulats the financial market by the
power vested upon it through
The Monetary and Banking Proclamation
No. 83/1994
It was issued along with The Licensing and
Supervision of Banking Business
Proclamation No. 84/1994
6.3 Financial market regulation in
Ethiopia
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
New Proclamations
The National Bank of Ethiopia Establishment
(as Amended) Proclamation No. 591/2008
Banking business proclamation No.
592/2008
WHY a NEW Proclamation?
In 1994 there were only 3 banks all state-owned
but in 2008 there were 12 banks of which 8 were
private
loans amounted to only ETB 1.15bill in 1994 and
it reached ETB 26bill
6.3 Financial market regulation in
Ethiopia
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Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
WHY a NEW Proclamation?
Malpractices in the banking sector
Unavailability of credit information sharing
mechanism
Increased pottential for bank failure
6.3 Financial market regulation in
Ethiopia
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February 2016
Ethiopian Financial Markets and Institutions Instructor: MEKONNEN M.
End of Chapter 6