This document discusses several parasites including protozoa (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia), helminths (roundworms, flukes, tapeworms such as Ascaris lumbricoides, Ancylostoma duodenale, Enterobius vermicularis), and Schistosoma. For each parasite, it summarizes their clinical manifestations, methods of diagnosis, treatment options, and means of prevention. The life cycle and clinical manifestations of Schistosoma are described in more detail.

1. protozoa and
worms

2. parasite
protozoa helminthes

3. Protozoa
•
malaria
•
toxoplasmosis
•
babesiosis
•
amebiasis
•
cryptosporidiosis
•
giardiasis

4. Entamoeba histolytica

5. Entamoeba histolytica
Clinical manifestations
1. Asymptomatic carriage
2. Bloody diarrhea: when trophozoites
invade the intestinal mucosa, causing erosions
3. Liver abscess

6. Entamoeba histolytica
Diagnosis
1 . stool analysis : look for cysts and trophozoites
with red blood cells in their cytoplasm
2. Serology
3. Abdominal CT scan: look for liver abscesses

7. Entamoeba histolytica
treatment
1. Metronidazole (first-line)
2. Tinidazole (alternative)
Either of the above followed by 2
an intraluminal agent such as:
paromomycin or iodoquinol

8. Entamoeba histolytica
prevention
Can be achieved by proper hygiene and avoid
fecal oral transmission.

9. Giardia lamblia

10. Giardia lamblia
Clinical manifestations
Foul smelling, greasy diarrhea (with high
fat content) , and abdominal distension

11. Giardia lamblia
Diagnosis
1 . stool analysis : look for cysts and trophozoites
2. Commercial immunoassay kit: Test stool

12. Giardia lamblia
treatment
1 . Metronidazole (first-line)
2 . Tinidazole
3. Nitazoxanide

13. Giardia lamblia
prevention
1. Good Hand Hygiene
2. Avoid Contaminated Food and water

14. Heliminths
Nematodes
(
roundworms
)
Ancylostoma
(Hookworms)
Enterobiusvermicularis(pinworm)
Ascarislumbricoides(giant
roundworm)
trematodes(flukes)
Schistosoma
cestodes
(
(tapeworms

15. Ascaris lumbricoides

16. Ascaris lumbricoides
clinical manfestations
1. mild or asymptomatic.
2. Obstruction of intestinal of biliary duct lead to
vomiting and abdominal cramps.
3. Lung infiltration leads to cough and dyspnea.

17. Ascaris lumbricoides
Diagnosis
1 . stool analysis : look for eggs
2. CBC test : look for high eosinophil count
3. chest x-ray: look for lung inflitration.

18. Ascaris lumbricoides
treatment
1. Mebendazole
2. Albendazole
3. Thiabendazole

19. Ascaris lumbricoides
prevention
1. Good Hand Hygiene
2. Avoid Contaminated Food and water

20. Ancylostoma duodenale

21. Ancylostoma duodenale
clinical manifestations
1. diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.
2. may cause an iron deficiency anemia.
3. in the lung can result in a cough.

22. Ancylostoma duodenale
Diagnosis
1 . stool analysis : look for eggs
2. CBC test : look for high eosinophil count
3. chest x-ray: look for lung inflitration.

23. Ancylostoma duodenale
Treatment
1. Mebendazole
2. Albendazole

24. Enterobius vermicularis

25. Enterobius vermicularis
Clinical manifestations
severe perianal itching usually at night.

26. Enterobius vermicularis
Diagnosis
scotch tape firmly on the perianal area : look for
eggs

27. Enterobius vermicularis
Treatment
1- Albendazole
2- mebendazole
3- pyrantel pamoate

28. Enterobius vermicularis
prevention

31. Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia, is a disease
caused by parasitic worms., affects millions of people
worldwide. In terms of impact this disease is second only
to malaria as the most devastating parasitic disease. The
parasites that cause schistosomiasis live in certain types of
freshwater snails
Schistosomiasis

32. Life cycle of schistosoma

33. 1-Acute symptoms:
-Rash or itchy skin-katayama fever-chills-Muscle aches-
Allergy
2-chronic symptomes:
A-bladder:
-haematuria.
B-Intestine:
-Abdominal pain-diarrhea-blood in stool.
C-liver:
-Enlargment of liver and spleen.
Clinical manifestations

34. D-Genital system:
-fibrosis
C-lung:
-verminous pneumonitis

35. Schistosoma
Diagnosis
1 . stool analysis : look for Schistosoma mansoni
or japonicum eggs
2. urine analysis : look for Schistosoma
haematobium eggs
3. serology.

37. Schistosoma
Treatment
Praziquantel

38. Schistosoma
Prevention

39. Thanks for
listening