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I. Drug courts that are ran effectively, can curb drug use and distribution with insight and prevention. i. “Using retrospective data, researchers in several studies found that drug courts reduced recidivism among program participants in contrast to comparable probationers” (nij.gov, n.d.). Repeat offenders have dropped significantly with the introduction of drug courts. ii. Explains how percentages of reoffenders has dropped in percentages with statistical data. II. Funding drug courts comes from grants and many other federal and local sources. a. “The Drug Court Discretionary Grant Program provides financial and technical assistance to states, state courts, local courts, units of local government, and Indian tribal governments to develop and implement treatment drug courts that effectively integrate substance abuse treatment, mandatory drug testing, sanctions and incentives, and transitional services in a judicially supervised court setting with jurisdiction over nonviolent, substance-abusing offenders” (NCJRS, n.d.). i. Funding is crucial to the development and sustainability of running effective drug court programs. III. Monitoring and development to increase effectiveness has reduced reoffenders and costs associated with nonviolent drug cases. a. “In times of serious budget cuts, the drug court model offers State and local governments a cost‐effective way to increase the percentage of addicted offenders who achieve sustained recovery, thereby improving public safety and reducing costs associated with re‐arrest and additional incarceration” (Drug courts, n.d.). i. Monetary and manpower issues are reduced drastically once effective drug courts are put into play Do Drug Courts Work? Findings From Drug Court Research. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://nij.gov/topics/courts/drug-courts/Pages/work.aspx#note1 In the Spotlight: Drug Courts - Grants and Funding | NCJRS. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/spotlight/drug_courts/grants.html Drug Courts. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/ondcp/ondcp-fact-sheets/drug-courts-smart-approach-to-criminal-justice 1 DRUG COURTS 3 DRUG COURTS Drug Court Effectiveness Sean Markl American International University Drug Court Effectiveness The main function of a drug court is to prevent and discourage use, selling of, or distributing illegal drugs by offenders. By utilizing drugs courts in ways such as deterrent, prevention, and treatment to curb nonviolent offenders can be a crucial step in rehabilitation for the majority. “Drug courts were designed to put treatment and rehabilitation ahead of punishment” (Emigh,2018). By putting treatment and rehabilitation ahead of prison or jailtime, many offenders are set on a path to recovery that reduces recidivism. Most states have set up these specific courts to deal with nonviolent offenders.” The Carroll County Drug Treatment Court operates in the Circuit Court for Carroll County and has been specifically desi ...
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Chapter 5 5. Eaton Tool Company has fixed costs of $255,000, sells its units for $66, and has variable costs of $36 per unit. Break-even analysis (LO5-2) a. Compute the break-even point. b. Ms. Eaton comes up with a new plan to cut fixed costs to $200,000. However, more labor will now be required, which will increase variable costs per unit to $39. The sales price will remain at $66. What is the new break-even point? c. Under the new plan, what is likely to happen to profitability at very high volume levels (compared to the old plan)? 10. The Sterling Tire Company’s income statement for 2013 is as follows: Degree of leverage (LO5-2 & 5-5) STERLING TIRE COMPANY Income Statement For the Year Ended December 31, 2013 Sales (20,000 tires at $60 each) $1,200,000 Less: Variable costs (20,000 tires at $30) 600,000 Fixed costs 400,000 Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) $ 200,000 Interest expense 50,000 Earnings before taxes (EBT) $ 150,000 Income tax expense (30%) 45,000 Earnings after taxes (EAT) $ 105,000 Given this income statement, compute the following: a. Degree of operating leverage. b. Degree of financial leverage. c. Degree of combined leverage. d. Break-even point in units. 14. International Data Systems information on revenue and costs is only relevant up to a sales volume of 105,000 units. After 105,000 units, the market becomes saturated and the price per unit falls from $14.00 to $8.80. Also, there are cost overruns at a production volume of over 105,000 units, and variable cost per unit goes up from $7.00 to $8.00. Fixed costs remain the same at $55,000. Nonlinear breakeven analysis (LO5-2) a. Compute operating income at 105,000 units. b. Compute operating income at 205,000 units. Chapter 6 Short-term versus longer-term borrowing (LO6-3) Intermediate Problems 9. Sauer Food Company has decided to buy a new computer system with an expected life of three years. The cost is $150,000. The company can borrow $150,000 for three years at 10 percent annual interest or for one year at 8 percent annual interest. BCJ 4101, Police and Community Relations 1 Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VI Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to: 9. Analyze violence, crime, and vandalism in schools. Reading Assignment Chapter 11: Community Policing and Drugs Chapter 12: Bringing Youths into Community Policing Unit Lesson There are many correlations to crime. Correlations of crime include factors such as poverty, unemployment, mental illness, IQ, and substance abuse. Many studies have been devoted to looking specifically at the connection between drugs and crime. Youth throughout the entire United States are surveyed annually to assess their initial and continued exposure to drugs through self, friends, and/or family use. Data describing drug use across age groups report alarming trends. For example, more than half of young adults will have tried at ...
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The topic being discussed: The role of alternative correction system is to punish the offender, protect the population from criminals and be able to rehabilitate the offender fully. Alternate corrections systems positively impact the management and administration of the jails, prisons among other correction centers. In the US currently, there are suggested alternative correction system than can be used they include; parole, rehab, job training and community service among others (Gottschalk, 2016). With this services, the people can reform entirely while still working efficiently for the community in the way they are designed to operate. In conclusion, with the use of alternative correction systems in the US, there is a better chance of the correction of achieving the objective of correction centers which is punished, protect and offer rehab facilities. Your above statements got me thinking about options to incarceration. There are a wide range of options available that could decrease overcrowding and still keep the community safe. These options can range from having the individual participate in any of the following programs: - Intensive Supervised Probation - Drug and Other Problem-Solving Courts - Community Service Programs - Home Detention - Electronic Monitoring - Day Reporting Centers Please answer this question that is in blue below with at least 150 words to respond to this discussion topic above. The response should include cited information if used and reference for the information to support your response. From the list above, which one (please select and discuss only one) option do you see as being used more in the future to impact overcrowding? Explain your selection. .
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Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation Leonard A. Jason DePaul University This article conveys important and useful information that practitioners can apply in their day-to-day professional lives by including citizen– consumer– client participation in their work. Three collaborative action projects are described that yielded significant benefits both for local communities and broader policy. These interventions, which were on topics as diverse as tobacco use among youth, recidivism among substance abusers, and chronic fatigue syndrome, were greatly enhanced by the involvement of citizens. The case studies are presented in such a way that the reader has a sense of how, when, and in what ways the interventions were collaborative as well as what the outcomes have been vis-à-vis public policy. The article is intended to encourage professional psychologists to collaborate more fully with community groups in efforts to expand and improve behavioral health services and policies. Keywords: citizen participation, public policy, collaboration, community psychology You might ask why practitioners would be interested in activity involving community members in their work. With busy practices, multiple obligations, and an increasingly hectic work world, add- ing another set of responsibilities might seem to be burdensome and even counterproductive. Yet, it is very possible that our work could be immeasurably enriched by obtaining greater involvement from citizens– consumers– clients. In fact, such work might even make for more relevant assessments and interventions as well as better relationships and cooperation with community partners and local organizations. These types of rich collaborative efforts could even help bring added attention, publicity, and even public policy benefits. In fact, whether you are implementing individual-level interventions at the local level or larger-scale public health projects at the community or state level, you probably are going to be involved in making some decisions regarding behavioral health policies. In this article, some of the benefits and challenges of mobilizing citizen participation will be reviewed. Clearly, these collaborations have important implications for practitioners. For example, it is possible that bringing community members into our work might help us better prioritize the needs and interests of our clients and participants (Chataway, 2001). In addition, a relationship based on meaningful citizen involvement may be a critical factor for the sustainability of community efforts (Altman, 1995). In a sense, there are multiple worthy rationales for citizen participation, in- cluding its potential in sensitizing, prioritizing, and sustaining intervention and research efforts, and these collaborative efforts might also ultimately help us even influence public policy. But before dealing with these very practical matters, let me first de- scribe some basic terms that involve the co ...
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Mat Southwell, one of Respect\'s Founders and Organisers recently gave a speech at the Release conference in Derby. His paper reviewed the history of drug user organising and the state of hard drug user organising in the UK. He also described the Respect model of organising and presented a call to arms to drug user activists in the UK and to those who want to join in the fight for drug users rights. The slides from his presentation can be viewed in this document.
Respect presentation - \'Grassroots strategies to overcome legal barriers to ...
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Mat Southwell, one of Respect\'s Founders and Organisers recently gave a speech at the Release conference in Derby. His paper reviewed the history of drug user organising and the state of hard drug user organising in the UK. He also described the Respect model of organising and presented a call to arms to drug user activists in the UK and to those who want to join in the fight for drug users rights. The slides from his presentation can be viewed in this document.
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1 6 Policy Review Erika Tallent SOCW 6361 Issue Statement When people are released from prison, they face an environment that is difficult to navigate, designed to keep them from becoming useful members of their communities. Most ex-offenders are arrested again within three years of their release, with a majority of 77 percent of instances occurring within five years. As the nation's prison population approaches 2 million inmates, recidivism is becoming an issue for both convicts' families and society (Bhandari, 2019). This explains why social reintegration is one of the biggest social problems in the United States. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. Ex-offenders and those recently released from prison are the most vulnerable populations to this social problem. It is vital to have a thorough grasp of the science of offender reintegration since efficient reintegration of offenders is crucial to crime reduction. The need for change After being released from prison, offenders are pushed into a new environment that is very different from their previous one, and many struggle to adapt. Aside from that, due to the dynamic and the always-changing environment, ex-offenders who have spent considerable time in prison are liberated into an environment vastly different from their prior surroundings. This is a serious impediment to criminals' reintegration back into society. Furthermore, re-entry into the workforce is a significant challenge to overcome for persons who have served time in jail. Previously imprisoned individuals have difficulties getting and maintaining employment after being released from prison due to employers' apprehension about hiring people with criminal histories (Weber, 2021). Many offenders have no formal education or work experience, making it strenuous to obtain gainful employment. According to studies, about 60% of criminals and ex-offenders are high school dropouts. In the aftermath of their imprisonment and engagement with the criminal justice system, many ex-inmates are perceived unproductive and risky by former employers and members of their old professional networks, assuming they ever had one. When ex-convicts combine a restricted professional network with a glaring gap in their resume, it may be very difficult for them to get an interview with a potential employer. An estimated 70 percent of previously jailed males have a history of drug misuse, and a large number of them suffer from physical and mental health problems (Petrich et al., 2022). As a result, employers may not consider them "work-ready," so restricting their employability. The prospect of being sued for damages resulting from "negligent hiring" is a source of anxiety for many firms. Given the possibility that a firm could be held responsible for exposing the employees to a potentially harmful individual, many companies are wary of hiring someone who has a criminal ...
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· NCBI · Skip to main content · Skip to navigation · Resources · How To · About NCBI Accesskeys Bookshelf Top of Form Search database Search term Search Bottom of Form · Browse Titles · Advanced · Help Continuity of Offender Treatment for Substance Use Disorders from Institution to Community. Show details · Contents · Order print copy from SAMHSA Top of Form Search term Bottom of Form < PrevNext > Chapter 2—Case Management and Accountability Coordinating systems to help the newly released offender can seem overwhelming, due in large part to the burgeoning caseloads carried by public sector agencies. Not only are the criminal justice and substance use disorder treatment systems fragmented and sprawling, but the offender will likely need ancillary services as well (discussed in Chapter 5), which calls for case management. As discussed in Chapter 1, case management can follow an outreach, reach-in, or third-party approach, or some combination of the three. No matter what the model, research shows cost benefits, through reduced recidivism, of cross-system integration for offender transitional services (Inciardi, 1996; Abt Associates, 1995; Swartz et al., 1996). Case management is the function that links the offender with appropriate resources, tracks progress, reports information to supervisors, and monitors conditions imposed by the supervising agency. These activities take place within the context of an ongoing relationship with the client. The goal of case management is continuity of treatment, which, for the offender in transition, can be defined as the ongoing assessment and identification of needs and the provision of treatment without gaps in services or supervision. Accountability is an important element of a transition plan, and case management includes coordinating the use of sanctions among the criminal justice, substance use disorder treatment, and possibly other systems. Go to: Case Management in Transition Planning Ideally, case management activities should begin in the institution before release and continue without interruption throughout the transition period and into the community. It is recommended that transition planning begin at least 90 days before release from jail or prison. Early initiation of transition planning is important because it establishes a long-term, consistent treatment process from institution to community that increases the likelihood of positive outcomes. The case manager's communication with other transition team members at an early stage supports all aspects of the offender's recovery and rehabilitation (e.g., education, health, vocational training). Ideal Array of Services Certain services are integral to a substance-using offender's successful transition to the community. Reassessments should be conducted at various stages throughout the incarceration and community release process. Similarly, offenders also need continued supervision after institution release. Continued supervision also includes on.
· NCBI· Skip to main content· Skip to navigation· Resources.docx
· NCBI· Skip to main content· Skip to navigation· Resources.docx
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F O S T E R , C E D R I C 1 6 9 2 T S 1 Corrections in the Community. © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C h a p t e r 1 It is hard to identify the benefits inmates gain from prison, but the harm done there is readily seen. If you want to increase the crime problem, incite men to greater evil, and intensify criminal inclinations and proclivities, then lock violators up in prison for long periods, reduce their outside contacts, stigmatize them and block their lawful employment when released, all the while setting them at tutelage under the direction of more skilled and predatory criminals. I know of no better way to gain your ends than these. —Harry E. Allen Crime is everywhere, in all nations great and small and, in this nation. In the United States, crime is a violation of criminal statutes passed by elected repre- sentatives. These statutes are enforced by a variety of social control agencies, including law enforcement, prosecution, court, and postadjudication compo- nents (e.g., prisons, probation, and parole). These varied agencies and actions, along with their philosophical bases and objectives, are usually called the “criminal justice system.” No one imposed this specific set of agencies on the nation. We invented them ourselves and, if there is something amiss with an agency or mission, it can be changed. One fact about the American criminal justice system is that it The Criminal Justice System corrections community corrections criminal justice system incarceration intermediate sanctions parole prison probation Key terms F O S T E R , C E D R I C 1 6 9 2 T S C h a p t e r 1 : the Criminal Justice system2 is rapidly evolving and changing as a result of the volume of crime, emerg- ing national priorities, available funding, and changing political ideologies. Behaviors deemed particularly heinous in one epoch may become regulated, if not accepted, behavior in another. For example, the “Great Experiment” of prohibition attempted to protect our national character and youth, increase productivity, lessen collateral problems of idleness, and improve the moral fiber of those using alcohol. It was later abandoned as a national crusade; earlier twentieth century law enforcement efforts instead lapsed into strate- gies to regulate alcohol as a controlled substance, concerned only in large part with keeping alcohol out of the hands of youthful consumers and col- lecting taxes. One component of the criminal justice system is corrections, defined ear- lier as “postadjudication processing of convicted criminal offenders.” This definition, if it were ever adequate, probably best fits the correctional scene of the early twentieth century, when the major sentencing options available to sentencing courts were committing the offender to prison or granting probation. In fact, the study of postadjudication processing of criminal law offenders was, until about 1969, commonly referred to a ...
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Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation Leonard A. Jason DePaul University This article conveys important and useful information that practitioners can apply in their day-to-day professional lives by including citizen– consumer– client participation in their work. Three collaborative action projects are described that yielded significant benefits both for local communities and broader policy. These interventions, which were on topics as diverse as tobacco use among youth, recidivism among substance abusers, and chronic fatigue syndrome, were greatly enhanced by the involvement of citizens. The case studies are presented in such a way that the reader has a sense of how, when, and in what ways the interventions were collaborative as well as what the outcomes have been vis-à-vis public policy. The article is intended to encourage professional psychologists to collaborate more fully with community groups in efforts to expand and improve behavioral health services and policies. Keywords: citizen participation, public policy, collaboration, community psychology You might ask why practitioners would be interested in activity involving community members in their work. With busy practices, multiple obligations, and an increasingly hectic work world, add- ing another set of responsibilities might seem to be burdensome and even counterproductive. Yet, it is very possible that our work could be immeasurably enriched by obtaining greater involvement from citizens– consumers– clients. In fact, such work might even make for more relevant assessments and interventions as well as better relationships and cooperation with community partners and local organizations. These types of rich collaborative efforts could even help bring added attention, publicity, and even public policy benefits. In fact, whether you are implementing individual-level interventions at the local level or larger-scale public health projects at the community or state level, you probably are going to be involved in making some decisions regarding behavioral health policies. In this article, some of the benefits and challenges of mobilizing citizen participation will be reviewed. Clearly, these collaborations have important implications for practitioners. For example, it is possible that bringing community members into our work might help us better prioritize the needs and interests of our clients and participants (Chataway, 2001). In addition, a relationship based on meaningful citizen involvement may be a critical factor for the sustainability of community efforts (Altman, 1995). In a sense, there are multiple worthy rationales for citizen participation, in- cluding its potential in sensitizing, prioritizing, and sustaining intervention and research efforts, and these collaborative efforts might also ultimately help us even influence public policy. But before dealing with these very practical matters, let me first de- scribe some basic terms that involve the co ...
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation
Benefits and Challenges of Generating Community Participation
ChantellPantoja184
Mat Southwell, one of Respect\'s Founders and Organisers recently gave a speech at the Release conference in Derby. His paper reviewed the history of drug user organising and the state of hard drug user organising in the UK. He also described the Respect model of organising and presented a call to arms to drug user activists in the UK and to those who want to join in the fight for drug users rights. The slides from his presentation can be viewed in this document.
Respect presentation - \'Grassroots strategies to overcome legal barriers to ...
Respect presentation - \'Grassroots strategies to overcome legal barriers to ...
Mat Southwell
Mat Southwell, one of Respect\'s Founders and Organisers recently gave a speech at the Release conference in Derby. His paper reviewed the history of drug user organising and the state of hard drug user organising in the UK. He also described the Respect model of organising and presented a call to arms to drug user activists in the UK and to those who want to join in the fight for drug users rights. The slides from his presentation can be viewed in this document.
Respect for Release presentation: \'Grassroots strategies to overcome legal b...
Respect for Release presentation: \'Grassroots strategies to overcome legal b...
Mat Southwell
Chapter4
Chapter4
Rappahannock Community College
Corrections Chapter 4 PPT
Corrections chapter 4 ppt
Corrections chapter 4 ppt
mckenziewood
1 6 Policy Review Erika Tallent SOCW 6361 Issue Statement When people are released from prison, they face an environment that is difficult to navigate, designed to keep them from becoming useful members of their communities. Most ex-offenders are arrested again within three years of their release, with a majority of 77 percent of instances occurring within five years. As the nation's prison population approaches 2 million inmates, recidivism is becoming an issue for both convicts' families and society (Bhandari, 2019). This explains why social reintegration is one of the biggest social problems in the United States. Re-incarceration and unsuccessful re-entry have a devastating impact on communities, families, and individuals. Ex-offenders and those recently released from prison are the most vulnerable populations to this social problem. It is vital to have a thorough grasp of the science of offender reintegration since efficient reintegration of offenders is crucial to crime reduction. The need for change After being released from prison, offenders are pushed into a new environment that is very different from their previous one, and many struggle to adapt. Aside from that, due to the dynamic and the always-changing environment, ex-offenders who have spent considerable time in prison are liberated into an environment vastly different from their prior surroundings. This is a serious impediment to criminals' reintegration back into society. Furthermore, re-entry into the workforce is a significant challenge to overcome for persons who have served time in jail. Previously imprisoned individuals have difficulties getting and maintaining employment after being released from prison due to employers' apprehension about hiring people with criminal histories (Weber, 2021). Many offenders have no formal education or work experience, making it strenuous to obtain gainful employment. According to studies, about 60% of criminals and ex-offenders are high school dropouts. In the aftermath of their imprisonment and engagement with the criminal justice system, many ex-inmates are perceived unproductive and risky by former employers and members of their old professional networks, assuming they ever had one. When ex-convicts combine a restricted professional network with a glaring gap in their resume, it may be very difficult for them to get an interview with a potential employer. An estimated 70 percent of previously jailed males have a history of drug misuse, and a large number of them suffer from physical and mental health problems (Petrich et al., 2022). As a result, employers may not consider them "work-ready," so restricting their employability. The prospect of being sued for damages resulting from "negligent hiring" is a source of anxiety for many firms. Given the possibility that a firm could be held responsible for exposing the employees to a potentially harmful individual, many companies are wary of hiring someone who has a criminal ...
16Policy ReviewErika TallentSOCW 636
16Policy ReviewErika TallentSOCW 636
EttaBenton28
· NCBI · Skip to main content · Skip to navigation · Resources · How To · About NCBI Accesskeys Bookshelf Top of Form Search database Search term Search Bottom of Form · Browse Titles · Advanced · Help Continuity of Offender Treatment for Substance Use Disorders from Institution to Community. Show details · Contents · Order print copy from SAMHSA Top of Form Search term Bottom of Form < PrevNext > Chapter 2—Case Management and Accountability Coordinating systems to help the newly released offender can seem overwhelming, due in large part to the burgeoning caseloads carried by public sector agencies. Not only are the criminal justice and substance use disorder treatment systems fragmented and sprawling, but the offender will likely need ancillary services as well (discussed in Chapter 5), which calls for case management. As discussed in Chapter 1, case management can follow an outreach, reach-in, or third-party approach, or some combination of the three. No matter what the model, research shows cost benefits, through reduced recidivism, of cross-system integration for offender transitional services (Inciardi, 1996; Abt Associates, 1995; Swartz et al., 1996). Case management is the function that links the offender with appropriate resources, tracks progress, reports information to supervisors, and monitors conditions imposed by the supervising agency. These activities take place within the context of an ongoing relationship with the client. The goal of case management is continuity of treatment, which, for the offender in transition, can be defined as the ongoing assessment and identification of needs and the provision of treatment without gaps in services or supervision. Accountability is an important element of a transition plan, and case management includes coordinating the use of sanctions among the criminal justice, substance use disorder treatment, and possibly other systems. Go to: Case Management in Transition Planning Ideally, case management activities should begin in the institution before release and continue without interruption throughout the transition period and into the community. It is recommended that transition planning begin at least 90 days before release from jail or prison. Early initiation of transition planning is important because it establishes a long-term, consistent treatment process from institution to community that increases the likelihood of positive outcomes. The case manager's communication with other transition team members at an early stage supports all aspects of the offender's recovery and rehabilitation (e.g., education, health, vocational training). Ideal Array of Services Certain services are integral to a substance-using offender's successful transition to the community. Reassessments should be conducted at various stages throughout the incarceration and community release process. Similarly, offenders also need continued supervision after institution release. Continued supervision also includes on.
· NCBI· Skip to main content· Skip to navigation· Resources.docx
· NCBI· Skip to main content· Skip to navigation· Resources.docx
alinainglis
F O S T E R , C E D R I C 1 6 9 2 T S 1 Corrections in the Community. © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C h a p t e r 1 It is hard to identify the benefits inmates gain from prison, but the harm done there is readily seen. If you want to increase the crime problem, incite men to greater evil, and intensify criminal inclinations and proclivities, then lock violators up in prison for long periods, reduce their outside contacts, stigmatize them and block their lawful employment when released, all the while setting them at tutelage under the direction of more skilled and predatory criminals. I know of no better way to gain your ends than these. —Harry E. Allen Crime is everywhere, in all nations great and small and, in this nation. In the United States, crime is a violation of criminal statutes passed by elected repre- sentatives. These statutes are enforced by a variety of social control agencies, including law enforcement, prosecution, court, and postadjudication compo- nents (e.g., prisons, probation, and parole). These varied agencies and actions, along with their philosophical bases and objectives, are usually called the “criminal justice system.” No one imposed this specific set of agencies on the nation. We invented them ourselves and, if there is something amiss with an agency or mission, it can be changed. One fact about the American criminal justice system is that it The Criminal Justice System corrections community corrections criminal justice system incarceration intermediate sanctions parole prison probation Key terms F O S T E R , C E D R I C 1 6 9 2 T S C h a p t e r 1 : the Criminal Justice system2 is rapidly evolving and changing as a result of the volume of crime, emerg- ing national priorities, available funding, and changing political ideologies. Behaviors deemed particularly heinous in one epoch may become regulated, if not accepted, behavior in another. For example, the “Great Experiment” of prohibition attempted to protect our national character and youth, increase productivity, lessen collateral problems of idleness, and improve the moral fiber of those using alcohol. It was later abandoned as a national crusade; earlier twentieth century law enforcement efforts instead lapsed into strate- gies to regulate alcohol as a controlled substance, concerned only in large part with keeping alcohol out of the hands of youthful consumers and col- lecting taxes. One component of the criminal justice system is corrections, defined ear- lier as “postadjudication processing of convicted criminal offenders.” This definition, if it were ever adequate, probably best fits the correctional scene of the early twentieth century, when the major sentencing options available to sentencing courts were committing the offender to prison or granting probation. In fact, the study of postadjudication processing of criminal law offenders was, until about 1969, commonly referred to a ...
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FOSTER, CEDRIC 1692TS.docx
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